This document contains examination questions about international relations and history since 1919. It includes questions about the functions of the League of Nations Secretariat, why the League did little when Japan invaded Manchuria, reasons for the breakdown of the USA-USSR alliance after World War 2, the Cuban Missile Crisis, the battle of Cuito Cuanavale in Namibia's history, the role of Steve Biko in resisting apartheid, and why the 1976 Soweto uprising took place. Responses to the questions are not provided, only the questions themselves.
In presenting a clear picture of secondary privatization trends in Slovenia, the authors of this volume tried to evaluate the effectiveness of various privatization schemes in terms of their open-endedness (i.e., the degree to which they foster flexibility in adjustments of ownership structures) and in terms of achieving good corporate governance. Additionally, they formulate and examine hypotheses concerning the relationships between changes in the economic performance of enterprises and post-privatization changes in their ownership structures.
This report also includes a set of recommendations concerning necessary changes in the regulations and policies governing privatization and capital markets in Slovenia,designed to foster the development of privatized enterprises and to meet the requirements of the process of accession to the European Union.
Authored by: Andreja Bohm, Joze P. Damijan, Boris Majcen, Marko Rems, Matija Rojec, Marko Simoneti
At the end of 1994 the serious currency crisis hit Mexico, and during next few months it spread to other Latin American countries, particularly to Argentina (the so-called Tequila effect). Although Argentina managed to defend its currency board, the sudden outflow of capital and banking crisis caused a one-year recession. Currency crises have not been the new phenomena in the Western Hemisphere where many Latin American countries served through decades as the textbook examples of populist policies and economic mismanagement. However, two main victims of "Tequila" crisis – Mexico and Argentina – represented a pretty successful record of reforming their economies and experienced turbulence seemed to be unjustified, at least at first sight.
Two years later even more unexpected and surprising series of financial crises happened in South East Asia. The Asian Tigers enjoyed a reputation of fast growing, macroeconomically
balanced and highly competitive economies, which managed to make a great leap forward from the category of low-income developing countries to middle or even higher-middle income group during life of one generation.
However, a more careful analysis as done in this volume could easlly the specify several serious weaknesses, particularly related to financial and corporate sector. Additionally, as in the case of Mexico, managing the crisis in its early stage was not specially successful and only provoked further devaluation pressure and financial market panic.
Authored by: Malgorzata Antczak, Monika Blaszkiewicz, Marek Dąbrowski, Malgorzata Jakubiak, Wojciech Paczynski, Marcin Sasin
The series of currency crises which hit several developing countries in the 1990s did not leave the emerging market economies of Central and Eastern Europe unscathed. The roots of the crises in European Transition Economies were usually less sophisticated and easier to identify. Most crisis episodes in the former communist countries fit nicely with the ”first generation” canonical model elaborated in 1979 by Paul Krugman and developed in 1980s by other economists. In this model, fiscal imbalances are the main factor leading to depleting international reserves of the central bank and speculative attacks against national currencies.
Authored by: Rafal Antczak, Marek Dabrowski, Malgorzata Markiewicz, Artur Radziwill, Marcin Sasin
Published in 2001
In presenting a clear picture of secondary privatization trends in Slovenia, the authors of this volume tried to evaluate the effectiveness of various privatization schemes in terms of their open-endedness (i.e., the degree to which they foster flexibility in adjustments of ownership structures) and in terms of achieving good corporate governance. Additionally, they formulate and examine hypotheses concerning the relationships between changes in the economic performance of enterprises and post-privatization changes in their ownership structures.
This report also includes a set of recommendations concerning necessary changes in the regulations and policies governing privatization and capital markets in Slovenia,designed to foster the development of privatized enterprises and to meet the requirements of the process of accession to the European Union.
Authored by: Andreja Bohm, Joze P. Damijan, Boris Majcen, Marko Rems, Matija Rojec, Marko Simoneti
At the end of 1994 the serious currency crisis hit Mexico, and during next few months it spread to other Latin American countries, particularly to Argentina (the so-called Tequila effect). Although Argentina managed to defend its currency board, the sudden outflow of capital and banking crisis caused a one-year recession. Currency crises have not been the new phenomena in the Western Hemisphere where many Latin American countries served through decades as the textbook examples of populist policies and economic mismanagement. However, two main victims of "Tequila" crisis – Mexico and Argentina – represented a pretty successful record of reforming their economies and experienced turbulence seemed to be unjustified, at least at first sight.
Two years later even more unexpected and surprising series of financial crises happened in South East Asia. The Asian Tigers enjoyed a reputation of fast growing, macroeconomically
balanced and highly competitive economies, which managed to make a great leap forward from the category of low-income developing countries to middle or even higher-middle income group during life of one generation.
However, a more careful analysis as done in this volume could easlly the specify several serious weaknesses, particularly related to financial and corporate sector. Additionally, as in the case of Mexico, managing the crisis in its early stage was not specially successful and only provoked further devaluation pressure and financial market panic.
Authored by: Malgorzata Antczak, Monika Blaszkiewicz, Marek Dąbrowski, Malgorzata Jakubiak, Wojciech Paczynski, Marcin Sasin
The series of currency crises which hit several developing countries in the 1990s did not leave the emerging market economies of Central and Eastern Europe unscathed. The roots of the crises in European Transition Economies were usually less sophisticated and easier to identify. Most crisis episodes in the former communist countries fit nicely with the ”first generation” canonical model elaborated in 1979 by Paul Krugman and developed in 1980s by other economists. In this model, fiscal imbalances are the main factor leading to depleting international reserves of the central bank and speculative attacks against national currencies.
Authored by: Rafal Antczak, Marek Dabrowski, Malgorzata Markiewicz, Artur Radziwill, Marcin Sasin
Published in 2001
Guía del Cuerpo Europeo de Solidaridad. Te ayudamos a encontrar becas para voluntariado, prácticas y empleo con el Programa Cuerpo Europeo de Solidaridad que te enseñarán a tener una EXPERIENCIA épica, que te mostrará cómo VIAJAR y a disfrutar de BECAS con todo pagado. Desde todos los niveles, no es necesario ser universitario/a. ¡Bienvenidos!
Currency crises have been recorded for a few hundreds years but their frequency increased in the second half of the 20th century along with a rapid expansion of a number of fiat currencies. Increased integration and sophistication of financial markets brought new forms and more global character of the crises episodes.
The consequences of currency crises are usually severe and typically involve output and employment losses, fall in real incomes of a population, deep contraction in investment and capital flight. Also the credibility of domestic economic policies is ruined. In some cases a crisis can serve as the economic and political catharsis: devaluation helps to temporarily restore competitiveness and improve a current account position, the crisis shock brings the new, reformoriented government, and politicians may draw some lessons for future.
Authored by: Przemyslaw Wozniak, Georgy Ganev, Krisztina Molnar, Krzysztof Rybinski
Published in 2002
Inflation in advanced economies is low by historical standards but there is no threat of deflation. Slower economic growth is caused by supply-side constraints rather than low inflation. Below-the-target inflation does not damage the reputation of central banks. Thus, central banks should not try to bring inflation back to the targeted level of 2%. Rather, they should revise the inflation target downwards and publicly explain the rationale for such a move. Risks to the independence of central banks come from their additional mandates (beyond price stability) and populist politics.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the course, determinants and political economy of economic reforms in Russia conducted in the period 1985-2003. The year 1985 can be considered an important turning point in Soviet/Russian history, marked as it was by the election of Mikhail Gorbachev to the position of General Secretary of the Communist Party of Soviet Union (CPSU) and (de facto) leader of the USSR. This nomination brought an end to two decades of political consolidation of the communist regime connected with the name of General Secretary Leonid Brezhnev and his short-living successors (Yurii Andropov and Konstantin Chernenko), often referred to ex post as 'the stagnation period' (vremya zastoya). Gorbachev initiated a series of important political and (to a lesser extent) economic reforms, which led eventually to the collapse of the communist regime and the disintegration of the Soviet empire in 1991. Thus, 1991 must be seen as another dramatic turning point in Russia's contemporary history. From the end of 1991 onwards political and economic reforms have been carried out by the new Russian state that emerged after the disintegration of the USSR. This paper aims to explain the political and institutional determinants of economic reforms in the Russian Federation.
Authored by: Rafal Antczak, Marek Dabrowski, Vladimir Mau, Aleksey Shapovalov, Irina Sinitsina, Konstantin Yanovskiy, Sergei Zhavoronkov
Published in 2004
LinkedIn. An overall analysis of the company.MarcoBorsari
This paper is the result of a teamwork and the aim of this project is to examine LinkedIn under several aspects: from the profile of the company to the financial performances, from the innovation and competitive advantages to the strategies.
Guía del Cuerpo Europeo de Solidaridad. Te ayudamos a encontrar becas para voluntariado, prácticas y empleo con el Programa Cuerpo Europeo de Solidaridad que te enseñarán a tener una EXPERIENCIA épica, que te mostrará cómo VIAJAR y a disfrutar de BECAS con todo pagado. Desde todos los niveles, no es necesario ser universitario/a. ¡Bienvenidos!
Currency crises have been recorded for a few hundreds years but their frequency increased in the second half of the 20th century along with a rapid expansion of a number of fiat currencies. Increased integration and sophistication of financial markets brought new forms and more global character of the crises episodes.
The consequences of currency crises are usually severe and typically involve output and employment losses, fall in real incomes of a population, deep contraction in investment and capital flight. Also the credibility of domestic economic policies is ruined. In some cases a crisis can serve as the economic and political catharsis: devaluation helps to temporarily restore competitiveness and improve a current account position, the crisis shock brings the new, reformoriented government, and politicians may draw some lessons for future.
Authored by: Przemyslaw Wozniak, Georgy Ganev, Krisztina Molnar, Krzysztof Rybinski
Published in 2002
Inflation in advanced economies is low by historical standards but there is no threat of deflation. Slower economic growth is caused by supply-side constraints rather than low inflation. Below-the-target inflation does not damage the reputation of central banks. Thus, central banks should not try to bring inflation back to the targeted level of 2%. Rather, they should revise the inflation target downwards and publicly explain the rationale for such a move. Risks to the independence of central banks come from their additional mandates (beyond price stability) and populist politics.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the course, determinants and political economy of economic reforms in Russia conducted in the period 1985-2003. The year 1985 can be considered an important turning point in Soviet/Russian history, marked as it was by the election of Mikhail Gorbachev to the position of General Secretary of the Communist Party of Soviet Union (CPSU) and (de facto) leader of the USSR. This nomination brought an end to two decades of political consolidation of the communist regime connected with the name of General Secretary Leonid Brezhnev and his short-living successors (Yurii Andropov and Konstantin Chernenko), often referred to ex post as 'the stagnation period' (vremya zastoya). Gorbachev initiated a series of important political and (to a lesser extent) economic reforms, which led eventually to the collapse of the communist regime and the disintegration of the Soviet empire in 1991. Thus, 1991 must be seen as another dramatic turning point in Russia's contemporary history. From the end of 1991 onwards political and economic reforms have been carried out by the new Russian state that emerged after the disintegration of the USSR. This paper aims to explain the political and institutional determinants of economic reforms in the Russian Federation.
Authored by: Rafal Antczak, Marek Dabrowski, Vladimir Mau, Aleksey Shapovalov, Irina Sinitsina, Konstantin Yanovskiy, Sergei Zhavoronkov
Published in 2004
LinkedIn. An overall analysis of the company.MarcoBorsari
This paper is the result of a teamwork and the aim of this project is to examine LinkedIn under several aspects: from the profile of the company to the financial performances, from the innovation and competitive advantages to the strategies.
An InquiryInto the Natureand Causes of theWealth o.docxgreg1eden90113
An Inquiry
Into the Nature
and Causes of the
Wealth of Nations
Adam Smith
The Wealth of Nations: Book 1
Adam Smith ElecBook Classics
4
Contents
Click on page number to go to Chapter
Introduction and Plan of the Work .................................................... 12
Book One: Of The Causes Of Improvement In The
Productive Powers Of Labour, And Of The Order
According To Which Its Produce Is Naturally
Distributed Among The Different Ranks Of The People ............... 16
Chapter 1. Of the Division of Labour ................................................ 17
Chapter II. Of the Principle which gives occasion to
the Division of Labour.......................................................................... 29
Chapter III. That the Division of Labour is limited by
the Extent of the Market ...................................................................... 35
Chapter IV. Of the Origin and Use of Money................................... 41
Chapter V. Of the Real and Nominal Price of
Commodities, or their Price in Labour, and their Price
in Money................................................................................................. 50
Chapter VI.Of the Component Parts of the Price of
Commodities.......................................................................................... 73
Chapter VII. Of the Natural and Market Price of
Commodities.......................................................................................... 83
Chapter VIII. Of the Wages of Labour ............................................ 96
Chapter IX. Of the Profits of Stock ................................................ 127
Chapter X. Of Wages and Profit in the different
The Wealth of Nations: Book 1
Adam Smith ElecBook Classics
5
Employments of Labour and Stock ................................................. 142
PART 1.......................................................................................................... 143
Inequalities arising from the Nature of the Employments
themselves................................................................................................. 143
PART 2.......................................................................................................... 169
Inequalities by the Policy of Europe........................................................... 169
Chapter XI. Of the Rent of Land ..................................................... 203
PART 1.......................................................................................................... 206
Of the Produce of Land which always affords Rent .................................... 206
PART 2.............................................................................................
The ten golden rules of wéiqí applied to business strategy - 围棋十诀mat f.
In this essay, I applied the 10 ancient go (wéiqí in Chinese) proverbs to business strategy, illustrated by Asian business cases.
This writing was part of my MBA course Chinese Classics: Applications to Business and Marketing Practices, based on some of these well-known Chinese classics such as the Art of War, the 36 Stratagems and the Principles of Tao Zhu-gong.
An InquiryInto the Natureand Causes of theWeal.docxgreg1eden90113
An Inquiry
Into the Nature
and Causes of the
Wealth of Nations
Adam Smith
The Wealth of Nations: Book 1
Adam Smith ElecBook Classics
4
Contents
Click on page number to go to Chapter
Introduction and Plan of the Work .................................................... 12
Book One: Of The Causes Of Improvement In The
Productive Powers Of Labour, And Of The Order
According To Which Its Produce Is Naturally
Distributed Among The Different Ranks Of The People ............... 16
Chapter 1. Of the Division of Labour ................................................ 17
Chapter II. Of the Principle which gives occasion to
the Division of Labour.......................................................................... 29
Chapter III. That the Division of Labour is limited by
the Extent of the Market ...................................................................... 35
Chapter IV. Of the Origin and Use of Money................................... 41
Chapter V. Of the Real and Nominal Price of
Commodities, or their Price in Labour, and their Price
in Money................................................................................................. 50
Chapter VI.Of the Component Parts of the Price of
Commodities.......................................................................................... 73
Chapter VII. Of the Natural and Market Price of
Commodities.......................................................................................... 83
Chapter VIII. Of the Wages of Labour ............................................ 96
Chapter IX. Of the Profits of Stock ................................................ 127
Chapter X. Of Wages and Profit in the different
The Wealth of Nations: Book 1
Adam Smith ElecBook Classics
5
Employments of Labour and Stock ................................................. 142
PART 1.......................................................................................................... 143
Inequalities arising from the Nature of the Employments
themselves................................................................................................. 143
PART 2.......................................................................................................... 169
Inequalities by the Policy of Europe........................................................... 169
Chapter XI. Of the Rent of Land ..................................................... 203
PART 1.......................................................................................................... 206
Of the Produce of Land which always affords Rent .................................... 206
PART 2.............................................................................................
The European Union and the Right to Community LivingScott Rains
The European Union and the
Right to Community Living:
Structural Funds and the
European Union’s Obligations under the
Convention on the Rights of Persons
with Disabilities
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines