4th year paper presentation on the GPUVerify paper
http://www.doc.ic.ac.uk/~afd/papers/BettsCDQT_OOPSLA2012.html
http://multicore.doc.ic.ac.uk/tools/GPUVerify/
The document discusses dataflow modeling in Verilog. It covers continuous assignments, delays, expressions using operators and operands, different types of operators like arithmetic, logical, relational, and examples of designing basic components like a 4-to-1 multiplexer and 4-bit full adder using these concepts. It also provides examples of modeling sequential logic like a 4-bit ripple carry counter and flip-flops.
This document provides an overview of various algorithms and data structures including recursive functions, graph representations, depth-first search (DFS), breadth-first search (BFS), all-pairs shortest paths algorithms like Floyd-Warshall, single-source shortest paths algorithms like Dijkstra's, trees, binary search trees (BST), min-max heaps, greedy algorithms, backtracking, and hashing/hash tables. It includes pseudocode and source code examples for many of these algorithms.
Pointers are variables that hold the memory address of another variable. A pointer variable contains the address of the variable it points to. Pointer variables must be declared with an asterisk and can be used to access and modify the value of the variable being pointed to using dereferencing operator. Pointers allow passing by reference in functions and dynamically allocating memory using functions like malloc and free. Pointer arithmetic allows treating pointers like arrays for accessing memory locations.
The document provides an overview of the C++ programming language. It discusses the history and development of C++, with key points being that C++ was created by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1983 as an extension of C to support object-oriented programming. It then covers some of the main differences between C and C++, uses of C++, advantages and disadvantages, standard libraries, basic C++ structures like data types, variables, operators, functions, arrays, and pointers.
C Recursion, Pointers, Dynamic memory managementSreedhar Chowdam
The document summarizes key topics related to recursion, pointers, and dynamic memory management in C programming:
Recursion is introduced as a process where a function calls itself repeatedly to solve a problem. Examples of recursive functions like factorial, Fibonacci series, and Towers of Hanoi are provided.
Pointers are defined as variables that store the memory addresses of other variables. Pointer operations like incrementing, decrementing, and arithmetic are described. The use of pointers to pass arguments to functions and access array elements is also demonstrated.
Dynamic memory allocation functions malloc(), calloc(), and realloc() are explained along with examples. These functions allocate and manage memory during run-time in C programs.
First part of this presentation explains basics and advantages of using functional programming approaches with lambda calculus.
Second part of this presentation explains how can we use lambda calculus in C# 3.0
This document provides an introduction to the C programming language. It discusses the history and development of C, how C programs are structured, and the basic building blocks or tokens of C code like keywords, identifiers, constants, and operators. It also covers various data types in C, input and output functions, decision making and looping statements, functions, arrays, pointers, structures, unions, and file handling. The document is intended to give beginners an overview of the essential components of the C language.
The document discusses dataflow modeling in Verilog. It covers continuous assignments, delays, expressions using operators and operands, different types of operators like arithmetic, logical, relational, and examples of designing basic components like a 4-to-1 multiplexer and 4-bit full adder using these concepts. It also provides examples of modeling sequential logic like a 4-bit ripple carry counter and flip-flops.
This document provides an overview of various algorithms and data structures including recursive functions, graph representations, depth-first search (DFS), breadth-first search (BFS), all-pairs shortest paths algorithms like Floyd-Warshall, single-source shortest paths algorithms like Dijkstra's, trees, binary search trees (BST), min-max heaps, greedy algorithms, backtracking, and hashing/hash tables. It includes pseudocode and source code examples for many of these algorithms.
Pointers are variables that hold the memory address of another variable. A pointer variable contains the address of the variable it points to. Pointer variables must be declared with an asterisk and can be used to access and modify the value of the variable being pointed to using dereferencing operator. Pointers allow passing by reference in functions and dynamically allocating memory using functions like malloc and free. Pointer arithmetic allows treating pointers like arrays for accessing memory locations.
The document provides an overview of the C++ programming language. It discusses the history and development of C++, with key points being that C++ was created by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1983 as an extension of C to support object-oriented programming. It then covers some of the main differences between C and C++, uses of C++, advantages and disadvantages, standard libraries, basic C++ structures like data types, variables, operators, functions, arrays, and pointers.
C Recursion, Pointers, Dynamic memory managementSreedhar Chowdam
The document summarizes key topics related to recursion, pointers, and dynamic memory management in C programming:
Recursion is introduced as a process where a function calls itself repeatedly to solve a problem. Examples of recursive functions like factorial, Fibonacci series, and Towers of Hanoi are provided.
Pointers are defined as variables that store the memory addresses of other variables. Pointer operations like incrementing, decrementing, and arithmetic are described. The use of pointers to pass arguments to functions and access array elements is also demonstrated.
Dynamic memory allocation functions malloc(), calloc(), and realloc() are explained along with examples. These functions allocate and manage memory during run-time in C programs.
First part of this presentation explains basics and advantages of using functional programming approaches with lambda calculus.
Second part of this presentation explains how can we use lambda calculus in C# 3.0
This document provides an introduction to the C programming language. It discusses the history and development of C, how C programs are structured, and the basic building blocks or tokens of C code like keywords, identifiers, constants, and operators. It also covers various data types in C, input and output functions, decision making and looping statements, functions, arrays, pointers, structures, unions, and file handling. The document is intended to give beginners an overview of the essential components of the C language.
Templates allow code to be reused for different data types. They make code more efficient and reduce errors by catching type mismatches at compile time rather than runtime. The document demonstrates how to define a minimum function template that can accept different data types as arguments and return the minimum value. It also discusses template specialization, which allows defining specialized implementations for specific types that differ from the general template.
This document discusses various data structures in C including strings, arrays, multidimensional arrays, arrays of pointers, structures, unions, and enumerated types. It provides code examples to demonstrate how to define and use these different data structures. Key topics covered include defining strings as character arrays, passing arrays to functions, allocating and copying strings dynamically, sorting arrays of strings, and defining custom data types using structures, unions and enumerations.
This document describes a higher-order logical framework called Hybrid that can reason about programming languages and logics. Hybrid uses higher-order abstract syntax to represent object logic expressions and implements inference rules in Coq. It consists of three layers: the object logic layer encodes the target language, the specification logic layer defines deductive rules for the object logic, and the reasoning logic layer is Coq. Hybrid improves on previous approaches by allowing more object logic judgments to be encoded and proves properties like cut elimination on the specification logic. The document provides an example encoding of the correspondence between HOAS and de Bruijn representations of lambda terms in Hybrid.
The document discusses call by value vs call by reference in functions, and different storage classes in C including auto, extern, register, and static. It provides examples of each storage class and how they determine the scope and lifetime of variables. It also discusses recursion and provides examples of recursive functions to calculate factorial, sum of natural numbers, Fibonacci series, and solve the Towers of Hanoi problem.
C++ is an object-oriented programming language that was created as an extension of C programming language. It was created by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1979 at Bell Labs. Some key differences between C and C++ include C++ supporting object-oriented programming concepts like classes, inheritance and polymorphism, while C is a procedural language. Pointers and references are commonly used in C++ to pass arguments to functions by reference rather than by value. Arrays and functions are also important elements of C++ programs.
This document provides an introduction to C++ programming. It discusses the basics of C++ programs including compiling simple programs, variables, data types, expressions, statements, functions, arrays, pointers, classes, inheritance, templates, exceptions, input/output streams, and the preprocessor. It is intended to teach programming in C++ to those with no prior programming experience in a concise manner through examples and exercises.
The document provides an overview of first-order logic (FOL) including its syntax, semantics, and inference rules. It defines the basic components of FOL such as terms, atomic formulas, literals, clauses, and formulas. It also explains substitutions, unification, semantics, and provides an example of representing a block world in FOL. The goal is for students to understand FOL as a knowledge representation language and be able to apply inference rules and implement automated theorem provers.
The document discusses lexical analysis in compilers. It describes how a lexical analyzer groups characters into tokens by recognizing patterns in the input based on regular expressions. It provides examples of token classes and structures. It also explains how lexical analysis is implemented using a lexical analyzer generator called LEX, which translates a LEX source file into a C program that performs lexical analysis.
1) The document discusses parsing methods for context-free grammars including top-down and bottom-up approaches. Top-down parsing starts with the start symbol and works towards the leaves, while bottom-up parsing begins at the leaves and works towards the root.
2) Key aspects of parsing covered include left recursion elimination, left factoring, shift-reduce parsing which uses a stack and parsing table, and constructing parse trees from the parsing process.
3) The output of parsers can include parse sequences, parse trees, and abstract syntax trees which abstract away implementation details.
This document provides an overview of C++ including:
1. What a computer and computer program are, with hardware and software components.
2. The typical development process in C++ including editing, compiling, linking, loading and executing programs.
3. Examples of simple C++ programs that print text, get user input, perform calculations and make decisions.
Regular languages can be described using regular grammars, regular expressions, or finite automata. A regular grammar contains productions of the form A->aB or A->a where A and B are nonterminals and a is a terminal. A language is regular if it can be generated by a regular grammar. Regular expressions describe languages using operators like concatenation, union, and Kleene star. Finite automata are machines that accept or reject strings using a finite number of states. The three models are equivalent in that they can generate the same regular languages.
The document discusses C++0x standard library extensions (TR1) and advanced C++ techniques. It provides an overview of new features in C++0x related to the core language like type inference, lambda functions, and rvalue references. It also discusses changes to the C++ standard library like tuples, hash tables, smart pointers, and other containers. The document is intended as course material covering these new C++0x features.
This document discusses inference in first-order logic and various proof strategies. It begins by describing a general proof procedure that uses binary resolution and represents proofs as trees. It then discusses different proof strategies like unit preference, set of support strategy, input resolution, linear resolution, and SLD-resolution. SLD-resolution is described as a sound and complete proof procedure for definite clauses. The document also introduces the concepts of non-monotonic reasoning and default reasoning, describing both non-monotonic logic and default logic as approaches to modeling this type of reasoning.
Pointer variables contain memory addresses that point to other variables in memory. A pointer contains the address of another variable. Pointers provide indirect access to data in memory. Pointer variables must be declared with a data type and the * symbol indicates it is a pointer. The & operator returns the memory address of a variable and * dereferences a pointer to access the value at that memory address. Pointers can be assigned, compared, and perform arithmetic operations like incrementing to point to the next memory location.
I am Blake H. I am a Software Construction Assignment Expert at programminghomeworkhelp.com. I hold a PhD. in Programming, Curtin University, Australia. I have been helping students with their homework for the past 10 years. I solve assignments related to Software Construction.
Visit programminghomeworkhelp.com or email support@programminghomeworkhelp.com. You can also call on +1 678 648 4277 for any assistance with Software Construction Assignments.
This document discusses database normalization and functional dependencies. It provides examples of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd normal forms. It defines key concepts like functional dependencies, candidate keys, closure of attribute sets, minimal covers, and extraneous attributes. An example of a supplier-parts database is used to illustrate 2nd normal form. Functional dependencies indicate that city and status are not fully functionally dependent on the primary key, so the relation is not in 2nd normal form.
I am Christopher Hemmingway. I am a Computer Science Assignment Expert at programminghomeworkhelp.com. I hold a Master's in Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton. I have been helping students with their homework for the past 10 years. I solve assignments related to Computer Science.
Visit programminghomeworkhelp.com or email support@programminghomeworkhelp.com.You can also call on +1 678 648 4277 for any assistance with Computer Science assignments.
Innovative Learning Strategies For Small And Midsized OrganizationsDrake Resource Group
The document discusses how companies are responding to economic challenges by focusing on their core businesses with renewed vigor and creativity. It also discusses trends in learning and development, such as increased emphasis on online and informal learning, outsourcing of learning functions, and the growing role of social media and web 2.0 technologies in workplace learning. Overall, the document examines how learning and development practices are evolving as organizations strive to develop their workforces during difficult economic times.
Templates allow code to be reused for different data types. They make code more efficient and reduce errors by catching type mismatches at compile time rather than runtime. The document demonstrates how to define a minimum function template that can accept different data types as arguments and return the minimum value. It also discusses template specialization, which allows defining specialized implementations for specific types that differ from the general template.
This document discusses various data structures in C including strings, arrays, multidimensional arrays, arrays of pointers, structures, unions, and enumerated types. It provides code examples to demonstrate how to define and use these different data structures. Key topics covered include defining strings as character arrays, passing arrays to functions, allocating and copying strings dynamically, sorting arrays of strings, and defining custom data types using structures, unions and enumerations.
This document describes a higher-order logical framework called Hybrid that can reason about programming languages and logics. Hybrid uses higher-order abstract syntax to represent object logic expressions and implements inference rules in Coq. It consists of three layers: the object logic layer encodes the target language, the specification logic layer defines deductive rules for the object logic, and the reasoning logic layer is Coq. Hybrid improves on previous approaches by allowing more object logic judgments to be encoded and proves properties like cut elimination on the specification logic. The document provides an example encoding of the correspondence between HOAS and de Bruijn representations of lambda terms in Hybrid.
The document discusses call by value vs call by reference in functions, and different storage classes in C including auto, extern, register, and static. It provides examples of each storage class and how they determine the scope and lifetime of variables. It also discusses recursion and provides examples of recursive functions to calculate factorial, sum of natural numbers, Fibonacci series, and solve the Towers of Hanoi problem.
C++ is an object-oriented programming language that was created as an extension of C programming language. It was created by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1979 at Bell Labs. Some key differences between C and C++ include C++ supporting object-oriented programming concepts like classes, inheritance and polymorphism, while C is a procedural language. Pointers and references are commonly used in C++ to pass arguments to functions by reference rather than by value. Arrays and functions are also important elements of C++ programs.
This document provides an introduction to C++ programming. It discusses the basics of C++ programs including compiling simple programs, variables, data types, expressions, statements, functions, arrays, pointers, classes, inheritance, templates, exceptions, input/output streams, and the preprocessor. It is intended to teach programming in C++ to those with no prior programming experience in a concise manner through examples and exercises.
The document provides an overview of first-order logic (FOL) including its syntax, semantics, and inference rules. It defines the basic components of FOL such as terms, atomic formulas, literals, clauses, and formulas. It also explains substitutions, unification, semantics, and provides an example of representing a block world in FOL. The goal is for students to understand FOL as a knowledge representation language and be able to apply inference rules and implement automated theorem provers.
The document discusses lexical analysis in compilers. It describes how a lexical analyzer groups characters into tokens by recognizing patterns in the input based on regular expressions. It provides examples of token classes and structures. It also explains how lexical analysis is implemented using a lexical analyzer generator called LEX, which translates a LEX source file into a C program that performs lexical analysis.
1) The document discusses parsing methods for context-free grammars including top-down and bottom-up approaches. Top-down parsing starts with the start symbol and works towards the leaves, while bottom-up parsing begins at the leaves and works towards the root.
2) Key aspects of parsing covered include left recursion elimination, left factoring, shift-reduce parsing which uses a stack and parsing table, and constructing parse trees from the parsing process.
3) The output of parsers can include parse sequences, parse trees, and abstract syntax trees which abstract away implementation details.
This document provides an overview of C++ including:
1. What a computer and computer program are, with hardware and software components.
2. The typical development process in C++ including editing, compiling, linking, loading and executing programs.
3. Examples of simple C++ programs that print text, get user input, perform calculations and make decisions.
Regular languages can be described using regular grammars, regular expressions, or finite automata. A regular grammar contains productions of the form A->aB or A->a where A and B are nonterminals and a is a terminal. A language is regular if it can be generated by a regular grammar. Regular expressions describe languages using operators like concatenation, union, and Kleene star. Finite automata are machines that accept or reject strings using a finite number of states. The three models are equivalent in that they can generate the same regular languages.
The document discusses C++0x standard library extensions (TR1) and advanced C++ techniques. It provides an overview of new features in C++0x related to the core language like type inference, lambda functions, and rvalue references. It also discusses changes to the C++ standard library like tuples, hash tables, smart pointers, and other containers. The document is intended as course material covering these new C++0x features.
This document discusses inference in first-order logic and various proof strategies. It begins by describing a general proof procedure that uses binary resolution and represents proofs as trees. It then discusses different proof strategies like unit preference, set of support strategy, input resolution, linear resolution, and SLD-resolution. SLD-resolution is described as a sound and complete proof procedure for definite clauses. The document also introduces the concepts of non-monotonic reasoning and default reasoning, describing both non-monotonic logic and default logic as approaches to modeling this type of reasoning.
Pointer variables contain memory addresses that point to other variables in memory. A pointer contains the address of another variable. Pointers provide indirect access to data in memory. Pointer variables must be declared with a data type and the * symbol indicates it is a pointer. The & operator returns the memory address of a variable and * dereferences a pointer to access the value at that memory address. Pointers can be assigned, compared, and perform arithmetic operations like incrementing to point to the next memory location.
I am Blake H. I am a Software Construction Assignment Expert at programminghomeworkhelp.com. I hold a PhD. in Programming, Curtin University, Australia. I have been helping students with their homework for the past 10 years. I solve assignments related to Software Construction.
Visit programminghomeworkhelp.com or email support@programminghomeworkhelp.com. You can also call on +1 678 648 4277 for any assistance with Software Construction Assignments.
This document discusses database normalization and functional dependencies. It provides examples of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd normal forms. It defines key concepts like functional dependencies, candidate keys, closure of attribute sets, minimal covers, and extraneous attributes. An example of a supplier-parts database is used to illustrate 2nd normal form. Functional dependencies indicate that city and status are not fully functionally dependent on the primary key, so the relation is not in 2nd normal form.
I am Christopher Hemmingway. I am a Computer Science Assignment Expert at programminghomeworkhelp.com. I hold a Master's in Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton. I have been helping students with their homework for the past 10 years. I solve assignments related to Computer Science.
Visit programminghomeworkhelp.com or email support@programminghomeworkhelp.com.You can also call on +1 678 648 4277 for any assistance with Computer Science assignments.
Innovative Learning Strategies For Small And Midsized OrganizationsDrake Resource Group
The document discusses how companies are responding to economic challenges by focusing on their core businesses with renewed vigor and creativity. It also discusses trends in learning and development, such as increased emphasis on online and informal learning, outsourcing of learning functions, and the growing role of social media and web 2.0 technologies in workplace learning. Overall, the document examines how learning and development practices are evolving as organizations strive to develop their workforces during difficult economic times.
The document discusses Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences which proposes that there are at least eight ways that humans understand and perceive the world, including verbal-linguistic, logical-mathematical, visual-spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalist intelligences. The theory suggests that instruction should appeal to different forms of intelligence and assessments should measure multiple forms. Adopting this approach could help create more personalized lessons and validate different ways students learn.
The document outlines reasons why subject access is difficult, including lack of domain knowledge, different search systems and document types. It proposes using post-Boolean retrieval, built-in search strategies, process models and additional metadata to help novice searchers. The author's approach is to develop an educational board game that teaches process models for research by having players take on roles and navigate information sources to solve a problem related to the Black Death pandemic.
Usage and impact of controlled vocabularies in a subject repository for index...redsys
This document discusses usage of controlled vocabularies for indexing and retrieval in subject repositories. It analyzes log files to study search behavior and the impact of controlled vocabularies. Key findings include that 12% of searches use controlled terms, and potential exists to map 18% of uncontrolled searches to controlled vocabulary. Use of controlled terms leads to more document views. Suggestions are made to better support name and title searches, improve mapping of terms, and adapt interfaces for domain-specific scientific search rather than general text search.
El documento presenta la información sobre una reunión de padres y madres en el Colegio Sagrada Familia. Se detalla el equipo de profesores, los horarios de tutorías, el horario de clases, las actividades extraescolares y el plan de acción tutorial para el curso escolar.
Folksonomies as Subject Access: A Survey of Tagging in Library Online Catalog...Yan Yi Lee
Presentation from IFLA Satellite Post-Conference: Beyond libraries - subject metadata in the digital environment and semantic web, 17-18 August 2012, Tallinn
Tagging isn’t new - it’s been around for a dog’s age in internet years. But in the past few years some fresh ideas and tools have reinvigorated the social tagging world. These new approaches include an attempt to improve findability through a bit of structure and control. While the idea of adding control to folksonomy seems like going against the whole selling point of social tagging (flexibility, openness), it is bringing the tagging to a new level, making it more viable for practical use in enterprises. This session will present hybrid approaches to formal taxonomies and social tagging. How can they be used in the corporate environment? What type of content is appropriate for social tagging? What kind of software is available for the enterprise? Learn how social tagging is not necessarily anathema to corporate taxonomy programs and how this hybrid approach can bring the best of both worlds: a fresh, up to date taxonomy with the structure needed to improve information findability.
Key Takeaways:
Folksonomy and taxonomy defined
Drawbacks of pure social tagging
Social tagging in the enterprise
Hybrid taxonomy & folksonomy approaches: Four models
The document discusses constructing a DFA from a regular expression and NFA. It provides an algorithm for the subset construction which works by treating each DFA state as a set of NFA states. Transitions are determined by taking the epsilon closure of the NFA states reachable on the input symbol from the current set of states. An example applies the algorithm to construct the DFA for the regular expression (a/b)n*abb from its NFA.
The document discusses constructing a DFA from a regular expression and NFA. It provides an algorithm for the subset construction which works by treating each DFA state as a set of NFA states. Transitions are determined by taking the epsilon closure of the NFA states reachable on the input symbol from the current set of states. An example applies the algorithm to construct the DFA for the regular expression (a/b)n*abb from its NFA.
The document discusses constructing a DFA from a regular expression and NFA. It provides an algorithm for the subset construction which works by keeping track of sets of NFA states. Each state of the DFA is a set of NFA states. The start state is the epsilon-closure of the NFA start state. New states are added by computing the epsilon-closure of the move function. The construction continues until all states are marked.
The document discusses constructing a non-deterministic finite automaton (NFA) from a regular expression and converting an NFA to a deterministic finite automaton (DFA). It provides an algorithm for constructing an NFA from a regular expression using Thompson's construction. It also provides an algorithm called the subset construction for converting an NFA to an equivalent DFA.
The document discusses constructing a DFA from a regular expression and NFA. It provides an algorithm for the subset construction which works by taking each state of the NFA as a set and constructing the transition table of the DFA. Each state of the DFA is a set of NFA states. An example is provided to demonstrate converting the NFA for (a/b)n*abb to an equivalent DFA.
The document discusses syntax-directed translation and intermediate code generation in compilers. It describes how syntax-directed definitions associate semantic rules with context-free grammar productions to evaluate attributes during parsing. These attributes can generate intermediate code, update symbol tables, and perform other tasks. Syntax-directed translation builds an abstract syntax tree while intermediate code generation converts this to forms like postfix notation, three-address code, or quadruples for further optimization before final code generation.
The document discusses syntax-directed translation and intermediate code generation in compilers. It covers syntax-directed definitions and translation schemes for associating semantic rules with context-free grammar productions. Attribute grammars are defined where semantic rules only evaluate attributes without side effects. Syntax-directed translation builds an abstract syntax tree where each node represents a language construct. Intermediate representations like postfix notation, three-address code, and quadruples are discussed for implementing syntax trees and facilitating code optimization during compilation.
The document discusses syntax-directed translation and intermediate code generation in compilers. It covers syntax-directed definitions and translation schemes for associating semantic rules with context-free grammar productions. Attribute grammars are defined where semantic rules only evaluate attributes without side effects. Syntax-directed translation builds an abstract syntax tree where each node represents a language construct. Intermediate representations like postfix notation, three-address code, and quadruples are discussed for implementing syntax trees and facilitating code optimization during compilation.
This document discusses program analysis using random interpretation. It introduces random interpretation as a new class of program analyses that is almost as simple and efficient as random testing, but also almost as sound as abstract interpretation. Random interpretation works by choosing random inputs, executing both branches of conditionals, combining variable values at joins, and testing assertions. Examples are provided to illustrate how random interpretation can prove properties that random testing alone cannot, while avoiding the complexity of abstract interpretation. The document outlines applications of random interpretation to problems involving linear arithmetic, uninterpreted functions, and interprocedural analysis. Experimental results suggest randomized algorithms can discover more program properties than deterministic ones, while having only a small performance overhead.
A parser breaks down input into smaller elements for translation into another language. It takes a sequence of tokens as input and builds a parse tree or abstract syntax tree. In the compiler model, the parser verifies that the token string can be generated by the grammar and returns any syntax errors. There are two main types of parsers: top-down parsers start at the root and fill in the tree, while bottom-up parsers start at the leaves and work upwards. Syntax directed definitions associate attributes with grammar symbols and specify attribute values with semantic rules for each production.
Compiler Construction | Lecture 2 | Declarative Syntax DefinitionEelco Visser
The document describes a lecture on declarative syntax definition. It discusses the perspective on declarative syntax definition explained in an Onward! 2010 essay. It also mentions an OOPSLA 2011 paper that introduced the SPoofax Testing (SPT) language used in the section on testing syntax definitions. Finally, it provides a link to documentation on the SDF3 syntax definition formalism.
Super TypeScript II Turbo - FP Remix (NG Conf 2017)Sean May
This talk focuses on typical functional programming paradigms in JavaScript, as implemented in TypeScript.
The goal of this talk was to provide common ground in FP paradigms, between C# .NET developers, Java Spring developers and JS programmers. The slides have been annotated and extended from the talk, to cover intended concepts not explicit in the code examples, themselves.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9oVKjZrgXmU
The document discusses the benefits of declarative programming using Scala. It provides examples of implementing algorithms and data structures declaratively in Scala. It also discusses the history and future of Scala, as well as how Scala encourages thinking about programs as transformations rather than changes to memory.
This slides describes the basic concepts of industrial-strength compiler design. This includes basic concept of static single-assignment form (SSA) and various optimizations such as dead code elimination, global value numbering, constant propagation, etc. This is intend for a 150 minutes undergraduate compiler class.
This document provides an overview of the Lecture 2 on Declarative Syntax Definition for the CS4200 Compiler Construction course. The lecture covers the specification of syntax definition from which parsers can be derived, the perspective on declarative syntax definition using SDF, and reading material on the SDF3 syntax definition formalism and papers on testing syntax definitions and declarative syntax. It also discusses what syntax is, both in linguistics and programming languages, and how programs can be described in terms of syntactic categories and language constructs. An example Tiger program for solving the n-queens problem is presented to illustrate syntactic categories in Tiger.
Stochastic computation graphs provide a framework for automatically deriving unbiased gradient estimators. They generalize backpropagation to deal with random variables by treating the computation graph as a DAG with both deterministic and stochastic nodes. This allows gradients to be computed through expectations, enabling techniques like policy gradients for reinforcement learning and variational inference. The document describes several policy gradient methods that use stochastic computation graphs to compute gradients, including SVG(0), SVG(1), and DDPG. These methods have been successfully applied to robotics tasks and driving.
The document discusses various anti-patterns related to programming, methodologies, organizational design, and projects. It identifies 26 different anti-patterns across 4 categories: project management, analysis, configuration management, and social. Anti-patterns are patterns that may form solutions but are counterproductive or harmful. The document encourages recognizing when these patterns occur so they can be avoided.
The document provides an overview of functional programming concepts including:
- Functional languages like Haskell, Scala, Clojure, F#, Erlang, and Lisp/Scheme
- Concepts of immutability, concurrency, side effects, and using monads to deal with side effects
- Examples demonstrating functional programming techniques like pattern matching, immutable collections, message passing actors, and software transactional memory (STM)
Compiler Construction | Lecture 9 | Constraint ResolutionEelco Visser
This document provides an overview of constraint resolution in the context of a compiler construction lecture. It discusses unification, which is the basis for many type inference and constraint solving approaches. It also describes separating type checking into constraint generation and constraint solving, and introduces a constraint language that integrates name resolution into constraint resolution through scope graph constraints. Finally, it discusses papers on further developments with this approach, including addressing expressiveness and staging issues in type systems through the Statix DSL for defining type systems.
ScyllaDB is making a major architecture shift. We’re moving from vNode replication to tablets – fragments of tables that are distributed independently, enabling dynamic data distribution and extreme elasticity. In this keynote, ScyllaDB co-founder and CTO Avi Kivity explains the reason for this shift, provides a look at the implementation and roadmap, and shares how this shift benefits ScyllaDB users.
"Scaling RAG Applications to serve millions of users", Kevin GoedeckeFwdays
How we managed to grow and scale a RAG application from zero to thousands of users in 7 months. Lessons from technical challenges around managing high load for LLMs, RAGs and Vector databases.
inQuba Webinar Mastering Customer Journey Management with Dr Graham HillLizaNolte
HERE IS YOUR WEBINAR CONTENT! 'Mastering Customer Journey Management with Dr. Graham Hill'. We hope you find the webinar recording both insightful and enjoyable.
In this webinar, we explored essential aspects of Customer Journey Management and personalization. Here’s a summary of the key insights and topics discussed:
Key Takeaways:
Understanding the Customer Journey: Dr. Hill emphasized the importance of mapping and understanding the complete customer journey to identify touchpoints and opportunities for improvement.
Personalization Strategies: We discussed how to leverage data and insights to create personalized experiences that resonate with customers.
Technology Integration: Insights were shared on how inQuba’s advanced technology can streamline customer interactions and drive operational efficiency.
Northern Engraving | Modern Metal Trim, Nameplates and Appliance PanelsNorthern Engraving
What began over 115 years ago as a supplier of precision gauges to the automotive industry has evolved into being an industry leader in the manufacture of product branding, automotive cockpit trim and decorative appliance trim. Value-added services include in-house Design, Engineering, Program Management, Test Lab and Tool Shops.
AI in the Workplace Reskilling, Upskilling, and Future Work.pptxSunil Jagani
Discover how AI is transforming the workplace and learn strategies for reskilling and upskilling employees to stay ahead. This comprehensive guide covers the impact of AI on jobs, essential skills for the future, and successful case studies from industry leaders. Embrace AI-driven changes, foster continuous learning, and build a future-ready workforce.
Read More - https://bit.ly/3VKly70
Dandelion Hashtable: beyond billion requests per second on a commodity serverAntonios Katsarakis
This slide deck presents DLHT, a concurrent in-memory hashtable. Despite efforts to optimize hashtables, that go as far as sacrificing core functionality, state-of-the-art designs still incur multiple memory accesses per request and block request processing in three cases. First, most hashtables block while waiting for data to be retrieved from memory. Second, open-addressing designs, which represent the current state-of-the-art, either cannot free index slots on deletes or must block all requests to do so. Third, index resizes block every request until all objects are copied to the new index. Defying folklore wisdom, DLHT forgoes open-addressing and adopts a fully-featured and memory-aware closed-addressing design based on bounded cache-line-chaining. This design offers lock-free index operations and deletes that free slots instantly, (2) completes most requests with a single memory access, (3) utilizes software prefetching to hide memory latencies, and (4) employs a novel non-blocking and parallel resizing. In a commodity server and a memory-resident workload, DLHT surpasses 1.6B requests per second and provides 3.5x (12x) the throughput of the state-of-the-art closed-addressing (open-addressing) resizable hashtable on Gets (Deletes).
What is an RPA CoE? Session 1 – CoE VisionDianaGray10
In the first session, we will review the organization's vision and how this has an impact on the COE Structure.
Topics covered:
• The role of a steering committee
• How do the organization’s priorities determine CoE Structure?
Speaker:
Chris Bolin, Senior Intelligent Automation Architect Anika Systems
Connector Corner: Seamlessly power UiPath Apps, GenAI with prebuilt connectorsDianaGray10
Join us to learn how UiPath Apps can directly and easily interact with prebuilt connectors via Integration Service--including Salesforce, ServiceNow, Open GenAI, and more.
The best part is you can achieve this without building a custom workflow! Say goodbye to the hassle of using separate automations to call APIs. By seamlessly integrating within App Studio, you can now easily streamline your workflow, while gaining direct access to our Connector Catalog of popular applications.
We’ll discuss and demo the benefits of UiPath Apps and connectors including:
Creating a compelling user experience for any software, without the limitations of APIs.
Accelerating the app creation process, saving time and effort
Enjoying high-performance CRUD (create, read, update, delete) operations, for
seamless data management.
Speakers:
Russell Alfeche, Technology Leader, RPA at qBotic and UiPath MVP
Charlie Greenberg, host
Introducing BoxLang : A new JVM language for productivity and modularity!Ortus Solutions, Corp
Just like life, our code must adapt to the ever changing world we live in. From one day coding for the web, to the next for our tablets or APIs or for running serverless applications. Multi-runtime development is the future of coding, the future is to be dynamic. Let us introduce you to BoxLang.
Dynamic. Modular. Productive.
BoxLang redefines development with its dynamic nature, empowering developers to craft expressive and functional code effortlessly. Its modular architecture prioritizes flexibility, allowing for seamless integration into existing ecosystems.
Interoperability at its Core
With 100% interoperability with Java, BoxLang seamlessly bridges the gap between traditional and modern development paradigms, unlocking new possibilities for innovation and collaboration.
Multi-Runtime
From the tiny 2m operating system binary to running on our pure Java web server, CommandBox, Jakarta EE, AWS Lambda, Microsoft Functions, Web Assembly, Android and more. BoxLang has been designed to enhance and adapt according to it's runnable runtime.
The Fusion of Modernity and Tradition
Experience the fusion of modern features inspired by CFML, Node, Ruby, Kotlin, Java, and Clojure, combined with the familiarity of Java bytecode compilation, making BoxLang a language of choice for forward-thinking developers.
Empowering Transition with Transpiler Support
Transitioning from CFML to BoxLang is seamless with our JIT transpiler, facilitating smooth migration and preserving existing code investments.
Unlocking Creativity with IDE Tools
Unleash your creativity with powerful IDE tools tailored for BoxLang, providing an intuitive development experience and streamlining your workflow. Join us as we embark on a journey to redefine JVM development. Welcome to the era of BoxLang.
What is an RPA CoE? Session 2 – CoE RolesDianaGray10
In this session, we will review the players involved in the CoE and how each role impacts opportunities.
Topics covered:
• What roles are essential?
• What place in the automation journey does each role play?
Speaker:
Chris Bolin, Senior Intelligent Automation Architect Anika Systems
QR Secure: A Hybrid Approach Using Machine Learning and Security Validation F...AlexanderRichford
QR Secure: A Hybrid Approach Using Machine Learning and Security Validation Functions to Prevent Interaction with Malicious QR Codes.
Aim of the Study: The goal of this research was to develop a robust hybrid approach for identifying malicious and insecure URLs derived from QR codes, ensuring safe interactions.
This is achieved through:
Machine Learning Model: Predicts the likelihood of a URL being malicious.
Security Validation Functions: Ensures the derived URL has a valid certificate and proper URL format.
This innovative blend of technology aims to enhance cybersecurity measures and protect users from potential threats hidden within QR codes 🖥 🔒
This study was my first introduction to using ML which has shown me the immense potential of ML in creating more secure digital environments!
In our second session, we shall learn all about the main features and fundamentals of UiPath Studio that enable us to use the building blocks for any automation project.
📕 Detailed agenda:
Variables and Datatypes
Workflow Layouts
Arguments
Control Flows and Loops
Conditional Statements
💻 Extra training through UiPath Academy:
Variables, Constants, and Arguments in Studio
Control Flow in Studio
Essentials of Automations: Exploring Attributes & Automation ParametersSafe Software
Building automations in FME Flow can save time, money, and help businesses scale by eliminating data silos and providing data to stakeholders in real-time. One essential component to orchestrating complex automations is the use of attributes & automation parameters (both formerly known as “keys”). In fact, it’s unlikely you’ll ever build an Automation without using these components, but what exactly are they?
Attributes & automation parameters enable the automation author to pass data values from one automation component to the next. During this webinar, our FME Flow Specialists will cover leveraging the three types of these output attributes & parameters in FME Flow: Event, Custom, and Automation. As a bonus, they’ll also be making use of the Split-Merge Block functionality.
You’ll leave this webinar with a better understanding of how to maximize the potential of automations by making use of attributes & automation parameters, with the ultimate goal of setting your enterprise integration workflows up on autopilot.
In the realm of cybersecurity, offensive security practices act as a critical shield. By simulating real-world attacks in a controlled environment, these techniques expose vulnerabilities before malicious actors can exploit them. This proactive approach allows manufacturers to identify and fix weaknesses, significantly enhancing system security.
This presentation delves into the development of a system designed to mimic Galileo's Open Service signal using software-defined radio (SDR) technology. We'll begin with a foundational overview of both Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and the intricacies of digital signal processing.
The presentation culminates in a live demonstration. We'll showcase the manipulation of Galileo's Open Service pilot signal, simulating an attack on various software and hardware systems. This practical demonstration serves to highlight the potential consequences of unaddressed vulnerabilities, emphasizing the importance of offensive security practices in safeguarding critical infrastructure.
1. I NTRODUCTION T RANSLATION R EDUCTION I NFERENCE
GPUVerify
Section 4 - Verification Method
Thomas Wood
November 28, 2012
2. I NTRODUCTION T RANSLATION R EDUCTION I NFERENCE
I NTRODUCTION
Section 4 describes in detail the the implementation of a verifier
for the semantics detailed in the previous sections.
3. I NTRODUCTION T RANSLATION R EDUCTION I NFERENCE
T RANSLATION
Compiler from OpenCL/CUDA to intermediary Boogie built
on CLANG/LLVM (a compiler toolset)
4. I NTRODUCTION T RANSLATION R EDUCTION I NFERENCE
S PECIALISED GPU F EATURES
Although both GPU languages and Boogie are both C-like,
both extend C in different ways.
In particular, GPU languages additionally support:
Vector and Image types
Intrinsic functions supported by the hardware and
compiler eg: advanced maths
Writing translations for these features for Boogie is time
consuming.
(And apparently boring, the paper doesn’t say any more on this)
5. I NTRODUCTION T RANSLATION R EDUCTION I NFERENCE
B OOGIE AND F LOATS
Boogie doesn’t support floating point numbers directly.
These are often used in GPU Kernels.
Modelled using uninterpreted functions (a function
defined only by signature).
We know something has been assigned, just not its value.
Over-approximation could lead to false-positives, but only
discovered one such case during evaluation.
6. I NTRODUCTION T RANSLATION R EDUCTION I NFERENCE
P OINTER H ANDLING
Boogie doesn’t support pointers (because they get messy)
GPU Kernels often do less messy things with pointers than
most C code
So, let’s assume that all pointers point within arrays, or are
null, and that anything else is an error
(Variables can be modelled as single-element arrays)
So, pointers can be modelled as a pair: (base, offset)
7. I NTRODUCTION T RANSLATION R EDUCTION I NFERENCE
P OINTER S EMANTICS
Translation rules of pointer model are straightforward:
Source Generated Boogie
p = A; p = int_ptr(A_base, 0);
p = q; p = q;
foo(p); foo(p);
p = q + 1; p = int_ptr(q.base, q.offset + 1);
if (p.base == A_base)
A[p.offset + e] = d;
p[e] = d; else if (p.base == B_base)
B[p.offset + e] = d;
else assert(false);
if (p.base == A_base)
x = A[p.offset + e];
x = p[e]; else if (p.base == B_base)
x = B[p.offset + e];
else assert(false);
8. I NTRODUCTION T RANSLATION R EDUCTION I NFERENCE
B UT...
...if the program manipulates pointer in loops, the if...else if
clauses make determining the loop invariants hard.
One solution is to use points-to analysis (Steensgaard’s
algorithm) to determine which arrays a pointer can possibly
point to, and eliminate the impossible branches
if (p.base == A_base)
A[p.offset + e] = d; if (p.base == A_base)
else if (p.base == B_base) → A[p.offset + e] = d;
B[p.offset + e] = d; else assert(false);
else assert(false);
9. I NTRODUCTION T RANSLATION R EDUCTION I NFERENCE
R EDUCTION OF RACE - AND DIVERGENCE - CHECKING
TO SEQUENTIAL PROGRAM VERIFICATION
Basics have already been discussed in lectures:
Accesses to shared memory are instrumented with logging
procedures
Program transformed to model two arbitrary threads
Checking procedures for race and barrier divergence
introduced
10. I NTRODUCTION T RANSLATION R EDUCTION I NFERENCE
A N OPEN QUESTION
At the end of the last lecture, we decided that:
P is correct ⇒ All terminating executions of K are free from
data races and barrier divergence.
But:
We might have P incorrect, but all terminating executions of K
free from data races and barrier divergence. Why?
11. I NTRODUCTION T RANSLATION R EDUCTION I NFERENCE
Recall: Consider:
if (A[0]) {
Stmt translate(Stmt, P) A[tid + 1] = tid;
LOG_READ_A(P$1, e$1); } else {
CHECK_READ_A(P$2, e$2); A[tid + 2] = tid;
x = A[e]; x$1 = P$1 ? * : x$1; }
x$2 = P$2 ? * : x$2;
12. I NTRODUCTION T RANSLATION R EDUCTION I NFERENCE
Thread 0: Thread 1:
if (false) { if (true) {
... A[2] = 1;
} else { } else {
A[2] = 0; ...
} }
Because we’ve havoced away the shared state!
13. I NTRODUCTION T RANSLATION R EDUCTION I NFERENCE
A DVERSARIAL A BSTRACTION
The strategy we’ve seen in lectures for shared-state is
Adversarial abstraction - the shared state is thrown away
and havoced.
This over-approximation is fine for cases where the shared
state does not impact upon the control-flow. Otherwise, it
gives false-posititves.
14. I NTRODUCTION T RANSLATION R EDUCTION I NFERENCE
E QUALITY A BSTRACTION
Both threads keep a shadow copy of the shared-state
At a barrier, the shadow copies are set to be arbitrary, but
equal
On leaving the barrier, all threads have a consistent view
of the shared state
Stmt translatea (Stmt, P) translatee (Stmt, P)
LOG_READ_A(P$1, e$1);
LOG_READ_A(P$1, e$1); CHECK_READ_A(P$2, e$2);
CHECK_READ_A(P$2, e$2); x$1 = P$1 ? A$1[e$1] :
x = A[e]; x$1 = P$1 ? * : x$1; x$1;
x$2 = P$2 ? * : x$2; x$2 = P$2 ? A$2[e$2] :
x$2;
LOG_WRITE_A(P$1, e$1);
CHECK_WRITE_A(P$2, e$2);
LOG_WRITE_A(P$1, e$1); A$1[e$1] = P$1 ? x$1 :
A[e] = x; CHECK_WRITE_A(P$2, e$2); A$1[e$1];
A$2[e$2] = P$2 ? x$2 :
A$2[e$2];
15. I NTRODUCTION T RANSLATION R EDUCTION I NFERENCE
L IMITATIONS
Unfortunately, Equality Abstraction is far less efficient
than Adversarial Abstraction
GPUVerify only uses Equality Abstraction with the arrays
that require it, this is determined using control
dependence analysis
More complicated uses of the shared-state, such as
A[B[lid]] = ... cannot be verified
This is because B[i] != B[j] cannot be verified, as the
side-effecting actions of other (prior) threads are not
modelled.
16. I NTRODUCTION T RANSLATION R EDUCTION I NFERENCE
I NVARIANT I NFERENCE
To be able to prove race and barrier-divergence free code, then
the produced Boogie program must be verified.
Verification depends on finding pre and post conditions for the
kernel, and loop invariants within.
GPUVerify uses a heuristically-selected set of invariants and
the Houdini tool to remove invalid invariants from that set
until all can be proven.
17. I NTRODUCTION T RANSLATION R EDUCTION I NFERENCE
M EMORY S TRUCTURE H EURISTICS
The set of invariant heuristics discussed in the paper are for
common data structurings in arrays.
For example, if A[lid + C] = ... occurs in a loop, then a
candidate invariant is
WR EXISTS A ⇒ WR ELEM A − C == lid.