This document provides information about glycosides. It discusses various types of glycosides including glycyrrhizin from liquorice root, sennosides from senna leaves, bacosides from Bacopa monnieri leaves, and quercetin found in oak bark. Glycosides are composed of a sugar and aglycone. They play various roles in plants such as detoxification and storing compounds. The document describes the extraction and isolation methods for these specific glycosides and provides references for further information.

1. NAME: SHAIKH HABEEBA SUFYAN
TOPIC : GLYCOSIDE
CLASS:M PHARM 1ST YEAR (1ST SEM)
DEPARTMENT: PHARMACOGNOSY
GUIDED BY :PROF.S.R.VIKHE

2. CONTENT
Glycoside
Glycyrrhizin
Sennoside
Bacoside
Quercitin

3. GLYCOSIDE
 Glycoside are compound that yield one or more sugars upon
hydrolysis
 The term glycoside is a generic term for natural product that is
chemically bounded to a sugar
 Thus the glycoside composes of two part the sugar and the
aglycone
 The aglycone may be a terpene , flavonoid a coumarine or any
other natural product
 Among the sugar found in natural glycoside D glucose is the
most abundant one L rhamnose and L also occure quite
frequently.

4. Role of glycoside in plant
 Converting toxic material to non or less toxic
 Source of energy(sugar reservoir)
 Storing a harmful material such as phenol
 Some glycoside have antibacterial activity,so they
protect plant from bacterial disease.

5. Classification of glycoside
Classification of glycoside on basis of chemical group
 Saponins (soap)aglycone
e.g ginseng , dioscorea
 Cardiac glycoside
e.g digitalis
 Flavenoidal mainly antinflammatory drugs
e,.g gingko , buck wheat
 Phenolic analgesics
e.g Aspirin
 Cynogenic compound
e.g bitter almond

6. GLYCYRRHIZIN
Common name:
liquorice, sweet wood
Biological source
It is obtained from the dried unpleed root of Glycyrrhizia glabra.
Family leguminosae
Chemical constituent
Glycyrrhizic acid glycerrhetinic acid
Characteristics
Glycyrrhizin is the main sweet tasting compound from liquorice
root
It is 30-50 time as sucrose
Pure glycyrrhizin is odorless
It is used in peptic ulcers

7. Isolation
50gm of liquorice powder+300ml H2O
heat with stirring
decant supernant liquid
adjust the PH 2.8 by acid
glycerrhizin ppt out
wash the ppt with cold water & filter
heat gently and remove the water
shiny brown mass of glycyrrihizin seen

8. Biosynthesis
Mevalonic acid
FPP
SQS
squalene
SQE
2,3 oxidosqualene
B- amyrin 11- oxo-B amyrin glycyrrhetaldehyde
glycyrrhizin UGAT glycerrhetinic acid

9. SENNOSIDE
Common Name :
senna leaf, cassia senna
Biological source :
It consist of dried leaflet of cassia angustifolia
Family : leguminosae
Chemical constituents :
Sennoside A and sennoside b
Use:
Use as laxative

10. Extraction and isolation
A) dry senna powder
90% methanol or 50% acetone for 6 hr
extract with cold water for 4 hr
17%of solid exraction contain 60-65% sennoside
B) powder of senna
citric acid in methanol
Extraction with methanol toluene mixture of ammonia
Extact treated with cacl2 then calcium salth of sennoside A&B

13. Chemical test
1.Borntrager test
3mlextract+dil.H2SO4 boil and filter to cold filtrate
add ammonia add benzene & shake separate org. layer
ammonia layer turn into pink
2.Magnesium acetate solution test
In methanolic extract add magnesium acetate solution give orange
color

14. BACOSIDES
Biological source
It is obtained from the leaves of Bacopa mannieri
Family: scarophulariace
chemical constituents
Bacoside A and dammarane
Charateristics
Use as traditional medicines
An ex-situ conservation method invitro incorporation is
incorpoation is necessary for bacopa species
Uses
As neurotonic and immunimodulator
Used as herbal supplement in epilepsy, anxiety and depression

15. Method of Extraction
nodes from healthy mother plant of bacopa
wash with water for 5min
treated with tween-20 bavistin alcohol separately
wash with distilled water
this treatment is done 3 times

16. QUERCETIN
Biological source
It is obtaines from the bark of Quercus tintoria
Family: Hippocastanaceae
Quercetin is bioflavaniods which is found in alomst all herbs
fruits and vegetables
Quercetin is the aglycone form of the flavonoid glucoside
Uses
Peptic ulcer
Asthama
Viral infection
Schizophrenia
Diabetes

17. Biosythsis

18. ISOLATION OF QUERCETIN METHANOLIC EXTRACT
OF AZARDIRACHTA INDICA LEAVES
Azadirachta indica leaves
Methanolic extract
Column chromatography
Eluted with petroleum benzene, CHCL3, acetone , ethanol, water
Acetone methanolic
White crystalline compound Yellowpowder

19. REFERENCE
1) Brito-Arias, Marco (2007). Synthesis and Characterization of
Glycosides. Springer. ISBN 978-0-387-26251-2
2) Kumar, V., Mukherjee, K., Kumar, S., Mal, M., & Mukherjee,
P.K. (2008) Phytochem. Anal. 19, 244–250
3) Anonymous (2002) Indian Herbal Pharmacopoeia, Joint
Publication of Indian Drug Manufacturer’s Association,Mumbai
and Regional Research Laboratory, Jammu-Tawi,India

20. 4) Majumdar; et al. (2013). "Bacosides and
Neuroprotection". Natural Products: 3639–3660.
5) Russo; Borrelli (2005). "Bacopa monniera, a reputed
nootropic plant: an overview". Phytomedicine. 12 (4): 305–
317.
6) Hota, SK; Barhwal, K; Baitharu, I; Prasad, D; Singh, SB;
Ilavazhagan, G (2009). "Bacopa monniera leaf extract
ameliorates hypobaric hypoxia induced spatial memory
impairment". Neurobiol Dis. 34 (1): 23–39

21. THANK YOU