3. GLYCOSIDE
Glycoside are compound that yield one or more sugars upon
hydrolysis
The term glycoside is a generic term for natural product that is
chemically bounded to a sugar
Thus the glycoside composes of two part the sugar and the
aglycone
The aglycone may be a terpene , flavonoid a coumarine or any
other natural product
Among the sugar found in natural glycoside D glucose is the
most abundant one L rhamnose and L also occure quite
frequently.
4. Role of glycoside in plant
Converting toxic material to non or less toxic
Source of energy(sugar reservoir)
Storing a harmful material such as phenol
Some glycoside have antibacterial activity,so they
protect plant from bacterial disease.
5. Classification of glycoside
Classification of glycoside on basis of chemical group
Saponins (soap)aglycone
e.g ginseng , dioscorea
Cardiac glycoside
e.g digitalis
Flavenoidal mainly antinflammatory drugs
e,.g gingko , buck wheat
Phenolic analgesics
e.g Aspirin
Cynogenic compound
e.g bitter almond
6. GLYCYRRHIZIN
Common name:
liquorice, sweet wood
Biological source
It is obtained from the dried unpleed root of Glycyrrhizia glabra.
Family leguminosae
Chemical constituent
Glycyrrhizic acid glycerrhetinic acid
Characteristics
Glycyrrhizin is the main sweet tasting compound from liquorice
root
It is 30-50 time as sucrose
Pure glycyrrhizin is odorless
It is used in peptic ulcers
7. Isolation
50gm of liquorice powder+300ml H2O
heat with stirring
decant supernant liquid
adjust the PH 2.8 by acid
glycerrhizin ppt out
wash the ppt with cold water & filter
heat gently and remove the water
shiny brown mass of glycyrrihizin seen
9. SENNOSIDE
Common Name :
senna leaf, cassia senna
Biological source :
It consist of dried leaflet of cassia angustifolia
Family : leguminosae
Chemical constituents :
Sennoside A and sennoside b
Use:
Use as laxative
10. Extraction and isolation
A) dry senna powder
90% methanol or 50% acetone for 6 hr
extract with cold water for 4 hr
17%of solid exraction contain 60-65% sennoside
B) powder of senna
citric acid in methanol
Extraction with methanol toluene mixture of ammonia
Extact treated with cacl2 then calcium salth of sennoside A&B
11.
12.
13. Chemical test
1.Borntrager test
3mlextract+dil.H2SO4 boil and filter to cold filtrate
add ammonia add benzene & shake separate org. layer
ammonia layer turn into pink
2.Magnesium acetate solution test
In methanolic extract add magnesium acetate solution give orange
color
14. BACOSIDES
Biological source
It is obtained from the leaves of Bacopa mannieri
Family: scarophulariace
chemical constituents
Bacoside A and dammarane
Charateristics
Use as traditional medicines
An ex-situ conservation method invitro incorporation is
incorpoation is necessary for bacopa species
Uses
As neurotonic and immunimodulator
Used as herbal supplement in epilepsy, anxiety and depression
15. Method of Extraction
nodes from healthy mother plant of bacopa
wash with water for 5min
treated with tween-20 bavistin alcohol separately
wash with distilled water
this treatment is done 3 times
16. QUERCETIN
Biological source
It is obtaines from the bark of Quercus tintoria
Family: Hippocastanaceae
Quercetin is bioflavaniods which is found in alomst all herbs
fruits and vegetables
Quercetin is the aglycone form of the flavonoid glucoside
Uses
Peptic ulcer
Asthama
Viral infection
Schizophrenia
Diabetes
18. ISOLATION OF QUERCETIN METHANOLIC EXTRACT
OF AZARDIRACHTA INDICA LEAVES
Azadirachta indica leaves
Methanolic extract
Column chromatography
Eluted with petroleum benzene, CHCL3, acetone , ethanol, water
Acetone methanolic
White crystalline compound Yellowpowder
19. REFERENCE
1) Brito-Arias, Marco (2007). Synthesis and Characterization of
Glycosides. Springer. ISBN 978-0-387-26251-2
2) Kumar, V., Mukherjee, K., Kumar, S., Mal, M., & Mukherjee,
P.K. (2008) Phytochem. Anal. 19, 244–250
3) Anonymous (2002) Indian Herbal Pharmacopoeia, Joint
Publication of Indian Drug Manufacturer’s Association,Mumbai
and Regional Research Laboratory, Jammu-Tawi,India
