This presentation provides an overview of globalization, including its history and key aspects. It discusses how globalization is the increasing interconnectedness between countries through improvements in technology, communication, transportation and trade. It traces the early history of global connections along the Silk Road, and notes how the modern era of globalization began with the Industrial Revolution. Key drivers of current globalization are described as reduced communication and travel costs, the rise of non-governmental organizations, growth of multinational corporations seeking new markets, and changes to the global workforce. Both opportunities and challenges of globalization are presented.

1. Welcome To
Our Presentation!!!

3. GLOBALIZATION
Presented by Barotov S. & Rajabova N.
Tajik National University
12.03.2015

4. GLOBALIZATION
 Globalization is the process of change, increasing
interconnectedness and interdependence among
countries and economies, bringing the world closer
through better world-wide communication, transport
and trade links. This process is changing the world
dramatically and quickly, affecting economic, social,
political and cultural aspects of life.

5. The History:
 For thousands of years people have
been trading goods and travelling across
great distances. During the Middle
Ages, merchants travelled along the Silk Road,
which connected Europe and China.
 The modern age of globalization started with
the Industrial Revolution at the end of the 18th
century.

6.  The emergence of a modern form of
globalization in recent decades, aided by
the pace and scope of global integration
resulting from unmatched advancements
and reduction in the cost of technology,
communications, science, transport and
industry.

7.  Improved technology in transportation and
telecommunications – the cost of how people
communicate and travel has drastically
reduced in the last few decades, from cheaper
air travel and high-speed rail to the rapid
growth of the internet and mobile phones.

8. Cost of a 3-Minute Telephone Call,
New York to London
(Constant 1990, U.S. $)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990

9.  Rise of Non-Governmental Organizations
(NGOs) – as global awareness of certain
issues has risen, so has the number of
organizations that aim to deal with them.
Many of these issues are not constrained
by country boundaries, e.g. climate
change.

11.  Transnational Corporations (TNCs) –
accessing new markets across the world
which are opening up in developing
countries. Businesses are also encouraged
to source workers globally, as some jobs
can be done by foreign workers for a
much lower cost than domestic workers,
such as manufacturing jobs.

12. Global Feminization of the Workforce
 Globalization of the last two decades has led to increasing
participation of women in the workforce
Woman working in textile
Mill Slovakia
Reasons:
declining male participation
 labour deregulation
need for non-skilled
temporary/part time workers
Rising divorce rates
Lower fertility rates
Infant formula
Periodic economic downturns
Rising cost of living
Globalization – lower wages

13. Good sides:
Globalization lets countries do what they can do best. If, for
example, you buy cheap steel from another country you
don’t have to make your own steel. You can focus
on computers or other things.
Globalization gives you a larger market. You can sell
more goods and make more money. You can create more
jobs.
Consumers also profit from globalization. Products become
cheaper and you can get new goods more quickly.

14. Bad sides:
-Globalization causes unemployment in industrialized countries
because firms move their factories to places where they can get cheaper
workers.
-Globalization may lead to more environmental problems. A company may
want to build factories in other countries becauseenvironmental laws are not
as strict as they are at home. Poor countries in the Third World may have to
cut down more trees so that they can sell wood to richer countries.
-Globalization can lead to financial problems . In the 1970s and 80s countries
like Mexico, Thailand, Indonesia or Brazil got a lot of money
from investors who hoped they could build up new businesses there. These
new companies often didn’t work, so they had to close down and
investors pulled out their money.
-Some of the poorest countries in the world, especially in Africa, may get even
poorer. Their population is not as educated as in developed countries and
they don’t have the new technology that we do.
Human, animal and plant diseases can spread more quickly through
globalization.

16. Thanks For
Your Attention!!!