The document discusses the history of Earth's climate and the greenhouse effect. It explains that Earth's temperature is regulated by incoming solar energy and outgoing radiation, and greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane trap heat in the lower atmosphere, creating the greenhouse effect. It notes that human activities like burning fossil fuels have increased greenhouse gas levels and global temperatures. The document then provides examples of actions individuals can take to reduce their carbon footprint and slow climate change, such as using more efficient light bulbs, driving less, and reducing energy consumption.
Hello..... This Power Point Presentation is based on global warming which is an international crisis around the world. there are also methods for these types of problems. If you like this Please make sure to like and also share your thoughts.
Hello..... This Power Point Presentation is based on global warming which is an international crisis around the world. there are also methods for these types of problems. If you like this Please make sure to like and also share your thoughts.
Global warming is the theory that we as humans are
increasing greenhouse gases through industrialization causing more gases and the increasing the amount of sunlight that gets caught and heats the earth.
Bringing clean and affordable lightning alternatives to the residents of Freetown.
Kerosene Free Freetown is a project initiated by Francis & Francis Solar to increase the adoption of solar charged LED lamps by the residence of Freetown
Our vision is to see a Kerosene Free Freetown
Our mission is to (a) increase awareness of the benefits of switching to cleaner lightning; (b) increase the adoption of solar charged LED and (c) make solar charged LED affordable
The project was conceive by Francis Stevens George, who was born in Freetown, Sierra Leone. Francis leaves in Oslo. Joining Francis is Dr. Francis Dove-Edwin
Global Warming atau Efek Pemanasan Global merupakan suatu gejala alam yang dapat menimbulkan bencana pada alam,akibat adanya efek rumah kaca, yaitu suatu efek penerapan panas yang mana sebagian panas yang diserap oleh bagian selimut atmosfir yang tidak dikeluarkan lagi atau tetap berada pada selimut atmosfir dan dapat memanaskan suhu bumi secara berangsur-angsur yang dapat menimbulkan mencairnya es di kutub, sehingga sebagian pulau atau daratan dapat terendam air pada suatu saat.
Global warming is the theory that we as humans are
increasing greenhouse gases through industrialization causing more gases and the increasing the amount of sunlight that gets caught and heats the earth.
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects. Presentation by Rahul Singh, Ashish Sharma. Project Guide: Dr. Tanuja NAutiyal
Global warming is the theory that we as humans are
increasing greenhouse gases through industrialization causing more gases and the increasing the amount of sunlight that gets caught and heats the earth.
Bringing clean and affordable lightning alternatives to the residents of Freetown.
Kerosene Free Freetown is a project initiated by Francis & Francis Solar to increase the adoption of solar charged LED lamps by the residence of Freetown
Our vision is to see a Kerosene Free Freetown
Our mission is to (a) increase awareness of the benefits of switching to cleaner lightning; (b) increase the adoption of solar charged LED and (c) make solar charged LED affordable
The project was conceive by Francis Stevens George, who was born in Freetown, Sierra Leone. Francis leaves in Oslo. Joining Francis is Dr. Francis Dove-Edwin
Global Warming atau Efek Pemanasan Global merupakan suatu gejala alam yang dapat menimbulkan bencana pada alam,akibat adanya efek rumah kaca, yaitu suatu efek penerapan panas yang mana sebagian panas yang diserap oleh bagian selimut atmosfir yang tidak dikeluarkan lagi atau tetap berada pada selimut atmosfir dan dapat memanaskan suhu bumi secara berangsur-angsur yang dapat menimbulkan mencairnya es di kutub, sehingga sebagian pulau atau daratan dapat terendam air pada suatu saat.
Global warming is the theory that we as humans are
increasing greenhouse gases through industrialization causing more gases and the increasing the amount of sunlight that gets caught and heats the earth.
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects. Presentation by Rahul Singh, Ashish Sharma. Project Guide: Dr. Tanuja NAutiyal
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
2. Introduction
• Is the world getting warmer?
• If so, are the actions of mankind to
blame for earth’s temperature
increases?
• What can/should be done about these
issues?
3. History of Earth’s Climate
• Earth formed ~4.6 billion years ago
• Originally very hot
• Sun’s energy output only 70% of
present
• Liquid water present ~4.3 billion years
4. History of Earth’s Climate
• Life appeared ~3.8 billion years ago
• Photosynthesis began 3.5-2.5 billion years
ago
– Produced oxygen and removed carbon
dioxide and methane (greenhouse gases)
– Earth went through periods of cooling
(“Snowball Earth”) and warming
• Earth began cycles of glacial and
interglacial periods ~3 million years ago
12. The U.S. emits about 6.4 billion metric
tons of greenhouse gases annually, 25%
of the world’s total.
Carbon dioxide stays in the
atmosphere for approximately
100 years, methane lasts about
12 years. Other greenhouse
gases last even longer.
As these gases continue to raise surface
temperatures, they trigger the release of even
greater quantities of carbon dioxide and methane
that are currently trapped in frozen Arctic
permafrost and tundra soils, further increasing
temperatures.
…potentially causing “runaway global warming”.
6.4 billion metric tons
CO2/yr
These greenhouse gases last a
long time…
Warming begets more warming…
A feedback mechanism ensues…
14. Annual Carbon Emissions
Annual carbon emissions
Atmospheric CO2
Atmospheric CO2 average
1955 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005
0
4
6
8
2
Year
Carbon(109
metrictons)
15. Future Carbon Dioxide
Levels
• Increasing CO2 emissions, especially
in China and developing countries
• Likely to double within 150 years:
– Increased coal usage
– Increased natural gas usage
– Decreased petroleum usage (increased
cost and decreasing supply)
16. Of all U.S. greenhouse gas
emissions come from
households:
• Vehicles
• Home Heating
• Electricity
Households are Big Contributors to Climate Change
17. So how can each of us slow
global warming now?
18. Because greenhouse gas emissions are tied very closely to our
energy consumption, using less fossil fuel based energy puts fewer
greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.
This will help slow global warming.
Reduce our consumption of fossil fuels
Mountaintop removal for
coal mining near Rawl,
West Virginia.
50% of electricity in the
United States is produced
from coal.
(
21. How much energy are those bulbs using?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Wattage
of the bulbs
# of
bulbs
Watts
Used
(Wattage
x number
of bulbs)
Hours used
per day
Watts Used
(#3) x Total
Hours/day
(#4)
Watts
hours /
year
(#5 x 365
days )
Kilowatt
hours /
year
(1000Wh =
1kWh)
(divide #6
by 100 0)
(Incandescent
bulbs)
60 W
3
bulbs
(60 x 3)
180 W
10 hours a
day
(180 x 10)
1800
Wh/day
(1800 x 365)
640,800
Wh/ year
(640,800/10
00)
640.8
kWh per
year
(CFL bulbs)
18 W 3
bulbs
18 x3
54 W
10 hours a
day
54 x 10
540
Wh/day
540x365
197,100
Wh/day
197,100
1000
197.1
kWh/yr
22. Incandescents
Compact Fluorescent s
(CFL s)
Total kWh for 3 bulb (#7 from
above)
640.8 kWh
Cost (kWh #7 x $.18)
CO2 produced @ 1.16 lbs/kWh lbs lbs
CO2 not emitted by switching 3 bulbs
(C O2 of incandescents - C O2 of CFLs)
lbs
Money saved in energy
(Cost incandescents - cost of CFLs)
3 BULB REPLACEMENT EMISSION and COST COMPARISON
INCANDESCENT vs. COMPACT FLUORESCENT
197 kWh
$115.34 $35.46
743.3 228.52
514.8
$79.88
23. We can make some simple substitutions
Replacing just 1 incandescent light bulb with 1 compact
florescent bulb saves about 150 pounds of carbon
dioxide per year!
If every American household replaced just 5 high-use
incandescent bulbs with compact florescent lights we'd
collectively save more than $8 billion each year in energy costs
and we would prevent the greenhouse gases equivalent to the
emissions from nearly 10 million cars.
Source: http://www.energystar.gov
24. Small changes really add up
Replace your old refrigerator
with a new Energy Star:
Annual savings:
$90; 700 pounds CO2
Set your thermostat down a few
degrees in the winter
Annual savings:
$135; 1400 pounds CO2
Wash clothes in cold water only
Annual savings:
$70; 500 pounds CO2
Drive JUST 10 fewer miles per week
Annual savings:
$80; 520 pounds CO2
Reduce your garbage by 10%
through greater recycling or reduced
packaging
Annual savings:
1200 pounds CO2
Caulk and weather-strip around doors
and windows
Annual savings:
$80; 650 pounds CO2
*
These are mid-range estimates from
published sources; your savings may vary.
25. Blowing Up Your World
• 1. How many of you leave your
bedroom light on when you are
not in the room?
• Turning off lights saves energy and
money. The more energy used, the
more rivers are dammed or more fossil
fuel is burned, causing air pollution
and increased levels of carbon dioxide
in the atmosphere. 2 pts d
26. Blowing Up Your World
• How many of you walked, bicycled or
took public transportation to get to
school today, instead of coming by
private automobile?
Our reliance on cars that burn fossil fuels
is one of the major causes of increased
levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
and it is the primary cause of urban smog.
3 pts u
27. Blowing Up Your World
• How many of you, when you drink a
soft drink, throw the container into the
garbage?
• Throwing away containers of any kind wastes
energy and resources and adds to our waste
problem. Many towns are running out of landfill
space. 3 pts d
28. Blowing Up Your World
How many of you eat fresh vegetables
instead of canned or frozen?
Fresh vegetables cook more quickly and are
usually more nutritious than frozen or canned
foods. Canned and frozen vegetables are often
over-processed, contain additives, contribute to
air pollution (transport and packaging) and add
to our waste problem. 4 pts u
Blowing Up Your World
29. Blowing Up Your World
• How many of you use a hairdryer or
other energy-consuming convenience
appliance, especially in the morning?
• Hairdryers use a lot of energy. In the
morning so much energy demand is put
on our grids that power companies have
to find other sources of energy just to
meet the morning rush hour 2 pts d
30. Blowing Up Your World
• . How many of you, when you go to a store,
get a bag for your purchases, even if you
have only one or two small items to carry?
• Making paper and plastic bags uses energy
and resources. The bags add to our litter
and waste problems, and plastic is not
biodegradable. Recycling is not the best
answer because collecting and recycling
materials requires energy. Instead, carry a
reusable cloth bag or a knapsack with you.
3 pts d
31. Blowing Up Your World
How many of you carry your lunch to
school in a lunch box or reusable
container?
Making paper and plastic bags uses
energy and resources. 3 pts u
32. Blowing Up Your World
• How many of you eat take-out or cafeteria
food that is served in foam or plastic
containers?
• Polystyrene and other plastic containers
are made from precious petrochemicals,
do not decompose in landfills, and
release toxic gases when they are
burned in incinerators.
10 pts d
33. Blowing Up Your World
• How many of you use handkerchiefs
instead of tissues and use cloth
towels instead of paper towels?
• Paper comes from trees. The more of
it we use, the more trees that are cut
down 2 pts d
34. Blowing Up Your World
• How many are changing
incandescent bulbs for new compact
fluorescent bulbs?
Changing one bulb could save 150
pounds of carbon dioxide per year!
10 pts u
35. Blowing Up Your World
• 31 - 40 Very good. You're an
environmentalist!
• 21 - 30 Good, you're starting to save
the world.
• 11 - 20 Lots of room for improvement.
• 0 - 10 You're exiled to the town dump!
In examining global warming, we will be looking at questions such as
Is the world getting warmer?
If so, are the actions of mankind to blame for earth’s temperature increases?
What can or should be done about global warming?
Are the potential resolutions to global warming worth the cost to implement them?
This is a big picture examination of the earth’s climate
The Earth was formed around 4.6 billion years ago
And was originally very hot
However, the Sun’s energy output was only 70% of what it is presently
Liquid water was present on the surface around 4.3 billion years ago
The first life forms appeared ~3.8 billion years ago
Photosynthesis began 3.5-2.5 billion years ago,
which produced oxygen and removed carbon dioxide and methane, which are greenhouse gases, from the atmosphere
As a result, the Earth went through periods of cooling, commonly referred to as “Snowball Earth” and subsequent warming
Earth began its current cycles of glacial and interglacial periods around 3 million years ago
The temperature of the earth is directly related to the energy input from the Sun. Some of the Sun’s energy is reflected by clouds. Other is reflected by ice. The remainder is absorbed by the earth.
If amount of solar energy absorbed by the earth is equal to the amount radiated back into space, the earth remains at a constant temperature.
However, if the amount of solar energy is greater than the amount radiated, then the earth heats up.
If the amount of solar energy is less than the amount radiated, then the earth cools down.
To a certain degree, the earth acts like a greenhouse. Energy from the Sun penetrates the glass of a greenhouse and warms the air and objects within the greenhouse. The same glass slows the heat from escaping, resulting in much higher temperatures within the greenhouse than outside it.
Likewise, the earth’s atmospheric gases affect the ability of the earth to radiate the Sun’s energy back into space. Nitrogen and Oxygen make up 99% of the earth’s atmospheric gases and are non-greenhouse gases. Water, Carbon Dioxide, and Methane make up 1% of the earth’s atmosphere, but are greenhouse gases, since they cause the earth to retain heat.
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This spike is due to the exponential increase in the use of fossil fuels over the last 150 years. Shown here are emissions of carbon from gas, solid, liquid fuels, and the total carbon emissions.
Despite this rapid increase in carbon emissions, only about half the carbon can be detected in the atmosphere. The remainder of the carbon dioxide is being dissolved in the oceans or incorporated into trees.
Future Carbon Emissions
will probably increase, especially in China and developing countries
This will result in a likely doubling of carbon dioxide levels within 150 years, due to
Increased coal usage
And increased natural gas usage,
although petroleum usage is likely to decrease due to increased cost and decreasing supply