Global warming is the observed increase in average temperature of the Earth's atmosphere and oceans. Global surface temperatures have increased 0.74°C over the past 100 years, and the IPCC concludes it is extremely likely that human activity such as increased greenhouse gases are the dominant cause of warming since 1950. Key human factors contributing to increased greenhouse gases are rapid industrialization, deforestation, fossil fuel extraction and use, and increased emissions from vehicles. While natural greenhouse gases are necessary to keep the planet habitable, increased human emissions are exacerbating the greenhouse effect and leading to consequences such as rising sea levels, more extreme weather, and species endangerments. Efforts to mitigate further warming involve reducing emissions and enhancing carbon sinks, while adaptation

2. • Global warming is the increase in the average temperature of Earth's
near-surface air and oceans since the mid-20th century and its
projected continuation.
• Global surface temperature increased 0.74 °C during the 100 years
ending in 2005. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
concludes "most of the observed increase in globally averaged
temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the
observed increase in greenhouse gas concentrations" via an
enhanced greenhouse effect.

3. • Rapid Industrialization
• Deforestation
• Get fossil fuels
• Greenhouse effect
• Car fumes

4. • Only in the central European Russia, for example, 67,000
square kilometers (16,556,060 acres) of forests were
cleared between the end of the 17th century to the start
of the 20th century.
• 70 million barrels per day produced in the world.
• Car rolls from 0,6 to 1,7 kg / hour of carbon monoxide,
and trucks from 1,5 to 2,8 kg /gshs

5. • It is the process by which absorption and emission
of infrared radiation by atmosphere gases warm
a planet's lower atmosphere and surface
• Naturally occuring greenhouse gases have a
mean warming effect of about 33 °C, without
which Earth would be uninhabitable

7. • El Ninos are not caused by global warming. Clear
evidence exists from a variety of sources (including
archaeological studies) that El Ninos have been present
for hundreds, and some indicators suggest maybe
millions, of years. However, it has been hypothesized that
warmer global sea surface temperatures can enhance
the El Ninos phenomenon, and it is also true that El Ninos
have been more frequent and intense in recent
decades.Recent climate model results that simulate the
21st century with increased greenhouse gases (using the
IPCC IS92a greenhouse gas increase scenario) suggest
that El Ninos are likely to become more common in the
future.

8. • Increase in sea levels
• Increase in the intensity of extreme
weather events
• Significant changes to the amount
and pattern of precipitation.
• Modifications of trade routes
• Glacier retreat
• Mass species extinctions
• Increases in the ranges of disease
vectors
• Will endangered several species of
animals

9. Mitigation of global warming involves taking actions to
reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to enhance
sinks aimed at reducing the extent of global warming.
This is in distinction to adaptation to global warming
which involves taking action to minimize the effects of
global warming

10. • Thomas R. Karl, Richard W. Knight, David R. Easterling, Robert G. Quayle who serve on
the scientific staff of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), in Asheville, North
Carolina. Thomas "The challenge to the climatologist is to separate any meaningful
signals from ever-present noise, and to discern, if possible, whether there is indeed at
work the sometimes slow and subtle hand of significant change. The second task,
which is even harder, is to identify, unequivocally, the cause," according to the
scientists was the focus of their study.
"Before such questions can be answered, we need to remind ourselves that
'climate', as it is defined for a specific region and time, includes more than the simple
average of weather conditions. Either random events or long- term persistent change,
or more often combinations of them, can bring about significant swings in a variety of
climate indicators from one time period to the next. Examples include a year
dominated by severe drought and the next excessively wet; a series of bitterly cold
winters followed by winters more mild; one scorching summer preceded by a summer
pleasantly warm; years with numerous severe storms followed by years with few severe
storms. The temptation at each time and place is often to attribute any of these
temporal and sometimes local variations to a wider and more pervasive change in
climate..."

11. • Developed and developing countries have made different arguments over who
should bear the burden of economic costs for cutting emissions. Developing
countries often concentrate on per capita emissions, that is, the total emissions of a
country divided by its population.Per capita emissions in the industrialized countries
are typically as much as ten times the average in developing countries.This is used
to make the argument that the real problem of climate change is due to the
profligate and unsustainable lifestyles of those living in rich countries.On the other
hand, commentators from developed countries point out that total carbon
emissions,carrying capacity, efficient energy use and civil and political rights are
very important issues. World population is the number of humans per unit area.
However the land is not the same everywhere. Not only the quantity of fossil fuel
use but also the quality of energy use is a key debate point. For example, efficient
energy use supporting technological change might help reduce excess carbon
dioxide in Earth's atmosphere. The use of fossil fuels for conspicuous consumption
and excessive entertainment are issues that can conflict with civil and political
rights. People in developed countries argue that history has proven the difficulty of
implementing fair rationing programs in different countries because there is no
global system of checks and balances or civil liberties.
• The Kyoto Protocol, which came into force in 2005, sets legally binding emission
limitations for most developed countries.Developing countries are not subject to
limitations. This exemption led the U.S. and Australia to decide not to ratify the
treaty,although Australia did finally ratify the treaty in December 2007.Debate
continued at the Copenhagen climate summit and the Cancún climate summit.