Global Goals: Every Achievement Counts (Section 1

GLOBAL GOALS
Every Achievement Counts
Social, Economic, Environment Development

Global Goals: Every Achievement Counts (Section 1: Sustainable Development)
Section 1: Sustainable Development
There has never been a problem with the resources. The problems lie within the
distribution. We are the first generation to end poverty and may be the last
generation to solve the climate challenge. Time might not be at our side but windows
of opportunities are still around. It may seem this is the worst of time, yet we can
make it the best of time. A change in mindset supported by collective and
collaborative effort shall land us in a more resilient future, where all of us, and
generations to come can live peacefully under a wealth creation and resource
distribution model like never before.
● A Sense of Urgency
● People. Process. Technology.
● A Resilient Future
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Gone are the days where profit being the sole measurement of business success. We
have more than enough, if not, sufficient resources for our survival as one of the
species on planet Earth.
Sustainable development is not something new. In fact, this idea has been around for
quite some time. It is how we make things happen, put them into the right perspective,
and how soon we get things done with impactful results that matters.
The underlying belief for sustainable development is that there has never been a
problem with the resources, and the problems lie within distribution. We just need to fix
our current system which creates the unbalance and wasteful use of resources. This is
one way of doing it. The other way is to completely replace it with a new model or
system. We can go both ways, in parallel.
Sustainability is a collaborative, step by step progressive development towards the
goals. However it may happen, the bottom line is to embrace sustainability in what we
do, from this moment onwards. Every achievement counts.

A Sense of Urgency
"We are the first generation to feel the effect of climate change and the last generation
who can do something about it." ~ Barack Obama1
“Climate risk is as real as the sun rising from the east. Income inequality is also as true
as the Earth rotating on its axis.” ~ Datuk Noripah Kamso, Keynote Address At Malaysia
SDG Summit 2019
So many challenges await, yet seems so little time we have to react. While poverty is
man-made, as most people started to realize by now, success is the only option for
handling climate issues. The good news is, with more awareness and capability in
handling environmental and social challenges, we can now do far more better with
advancement and assistance of emerging technologies. Yet the question remains, are
we willing to do that, without further ado, wholeheartedly? In what condition of our one
and only planet Earth that we want our future generations to inherit?
In terms of the environmental concern, we don’t need rocket science to tell us that the
Earth is warming up each and everyday as time passes, that the icebergs at the North
and South Poles are melting and the sea level is rising. Extreme affluent vs extreme
scarcity in today’s world tell us that the existing system of progress and growth is out of
wade.2
How had we come into such critical condition, a generational challenge of our time? A
systematic failure where inequality starts at the top, a selfish and greed driven
environment where ethics is out of the picture.
"One of the biggest lessons from 2020 is that the world needs us to work together — to
rally behind solving an issue that is bigger than our silos. The pandemic is not over, and
there will be events in the future that show us other critical deficiencies in the systems
the world depends on. The question is, will the different tribes be prepared to solve the
2
Bank Rakyat | YBhg. Datuk Noripah Kamso Keynote Address At Malaysia SDG Summit 2019
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B5E5j2p7W9s
1
https://twitter.com/BarackObama/status/514461859542351872

big and important challenges, or will we stay in our niches, content to debate
philosophical minutiae?" ~ Bart Wyatt, Block.one3
There is a silver lining in every cloud. Blessings in disguise, we have in our hand a
generational opportunity to build a more equal, sustainable world. Furthermore, in a
more connected and better informed world with advanced and emerging technologies,
we have more power to shape a better world. This might seem to be the worst of time,
but it could also be the best of time. We can start with the monetary system, and
eventually with new forms of capital and market liquidity.
“Every dollar that is printed should not represent a debt to private bankers. It should
represent an investment potential in the common good, in the common needs of our
country.” ~ Cynthia McKinney, an American politician and activist, the first black woman
elected to represent Georgia in the House.
It is no doubt that monetary achievements in accounting numbers through financial
reports have been quite a successful method of portraying progress and success.
However, with more awareness and urgency in handling environmental issues and
social challenges, we can now do far more better with advancement of technology.
“The best time to plant a tree was 20 years ago. The second best time is now.”
We are the first generation to end poverty and may be the last generation to solve the
climate challenge. Never waste a good crisis for what the pandemic in 2020 had
brought us into. In a way, the coronavirus pandemic has created a generational
opportunity to build a more equal and sustainable world.
When there is a will, there will be ways. “Why” is more important than “how”. Though
this doesn’t mean that the “how” is not important. Why we do determine what we do,
and how we do it. Aim as high as the sky but start with the low hanging fruits first. Aim
as high as the sky so that even if we fall, at least we fall on the rooftop. Yet we start with
the low hanging fruits first because every achievement counts. Start something
somewhere, somehow. Make things happen, get things done, only results matter.
Realistic targets within a reasonable time frame.
How Do You Define Sustainability?
3
Why Interoperability Is the Key to Future Innovation and Adoption
https://cointelegraph.com/news/why-interoperability-is-the-key-to-future-innovation-and-adoption

People may have their own definition when it comes to different things, mainly due to
personal belief or experience, i.e. where they come from. It’s a matter of perspective. If
we were to look from the economic or specifically from the business point of view,
sustainability is none other than how long a business can survive. The revenue streams
and profitability will more or less affect the business continuity. From the environment
perspective, it would be the avoidance of the depletion of natural resources in order to
maintain an ecological balance.
Three Dimensions of Sustainability - Social, Economic, Environmental Development
What are the three dimensions of sustainable development and how would these
dimensions of sustainable development bring good to people, community, and the world
as a whole? How can the triple bottom line be fine tuned to ensure sustainability?
Image: Three Dimensions of Sustainable Development
As illustrated in the image above, the three dimensions of sustainability must present in
a balanced state. A harmonized composition will ensure an inclusive development
towards a sustainable future. We cannot be helping the poor and underserved by mere
giving all the time. One way effort won’t sustain. As the wisdom goes, give a man a fish
and you feed him for a day, teach him how to fish and you feed him for a lifetime. It has
to be an effort that solves their short term urgency yet produces long term sustainability.
It should be economically sound, while not doing harm to the environment at the same
time.
Based on the Three Dimensions of Sustainability, the Triple Bottom Line approach is a
viable solution to sustainable development. Rather than the legacy system of going after

maximized profit with optimized production, often without considering other
non-accountable or non-bookkeeping purpose elements such as pollution contribution
or social inequalities effect etc, putting the People and the Planet into profitability path
will bring a better and brighter outcome to the world.
Having said, taking care of the society and preserving the environment while going after
reasonable profit at the same time will ensure the sustainability of the organization, the
people, and the planet as a whole. What we need might just be a simple twist of the
mindset supported by a strong will.
Image: Triple Bottom Line of Business, with Sustainability
To further illustrate, if a firm looks only at profits, ignoring people and the planet, it
cannot account for the full cost of doing business. What goes around comes around.
There is a price to pay for everything and eventually someone will have to foot the bill.
How can we put measurable figures into the People and Planet part of a business? The
Triple Bottom Line (TBL) which consists of three elements - people, planet, and profit -
that aims to measure the social, environmental and economic performance of an entity
over time is the answer.
4
4
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/triple-bottom-line.asp

Is it good that on one hand, we strive to squeeze the maximum profit out of a business
without really concerning about the consequences to the people and the planet, while
on the other hand, at the end of the day, we set aside a little portion of what had been
made as a charitable give back to the needy, in the name of corporate social
responsibility?
We have witnessed too many of such contradictory practices in today’s business world.
Profiteering through loopholes of capitalism, from banking to manufacturing to retail,
every single point of supply chain to the last mile reaching the consumers. From big
ticket items to petty spending, if we were to patch each and every single point of
leakage that is contributing to the social, environmental and economic disasters, we
would have a lot more to be done.
Is it ethical for financial institutions to provide loans that have the extra cash back from
the clients borrowing activities which will land the clients in debt they may not be able to
service? Ain’t it weird to have franchise businesses that sell food and beverages which
cause obesity and diabetes that donate and build health facilities for people? What
about companies promoting gender equality yet not providing complementing facilities
for women at work? These contradictory scenarios are quite similar to those who go all
out to do charitable work by cleaning the streets and social shelters yet leaving their
own house unattended. We might need to further walk the talk, and align our actions to
our preaching.
Are we not fighting both sides of the war when we do this? Are we circumventing our
own versions of truth yet the product of these truth has brought to our doorsteps a world
flooded with human tragedies and planet destruction?5
Look at the brighter side, many efforts are being put into making this world a better
place. What we might need to do is just to push ourselves a little bit further. After all,
success is a day to day progressive actualization towards our goals. It doesn’t happen
overnight but a collective of many small achievements, one at a time through a longer
period. Every achievement counts.
5
Bank Rakyat, The Sustainable Bank
http://socialenterpriseguide.com/bank-rakyat-the-sustainable-bank/

People. Process. Technology.
It is not about the technology. Technologies are just the enabler. It is people that
matters. Progress and development that are people centric make more sense than
simply focus on how advanced a technology can be. After all, we create things to make
our life better and to make the world a better place to live. The process in which we
create and manage these creations, which include but are not limited to technologies, is
what ensures our progress and survival on this planet, and most likely our voyage into
outer space in the near future. No matter how far we go, our grounded reality would be
a sustainable development of this single planet we have, for now.
All things are interconnected - people, process, technology. All in all, it is people centric.
We have seen how blockchain technology is trying to bring down the borders of legacy
systems through different cross-industry applications. True wealth can be created under
six key categories of Food, Energy, Education, Shelter, Healthcare, and Entertainment.
Communication and logistics lie in the center of these categories. To know the past and
to have a sneak peek into the future, something worth pondering needs to be discussed
here. A visit to an Oriental ancient wisdom may shed some light.
When I was in high school, there was once this orientation of Maths Club where the
then president gave a very interesting speech. He was describing how numbers play an
important role through our life span here on planet Earth. From the day we were born,
we were given a birth certificate with a number, then as we grow older, all sorts of
numbers being hooked up to our life, social security, work pass ID, driving licence
number, tax account etc. Until the last milestone, a death certificate, with a number, too.
We are part of statistics anyhow, like it or not. Of course, that was part of a speech to
lure students to join the Matchs Club back then. But, the fact remains true that we are
bound to live with numbers, throughout our life.
In the old book of wisdom from the Oriental world, this book I Ching, or Yi Jing was
simply a book full of image illustrations, with numbers. Words were something added in
the later stage. It is a product of collective ancient knowledge and wisdom throughout
thousands of years. Connectivity had somehow been rooted in this book of wisdom. The
base of everything as what we know, originated from this concept of Yin and Yang,
where they both co-exist, complementing each other. How coincidence this is with the
Western technology of the digital world, where the very base of it is the 0 and 1 bit, or

the on and off of switches on the physical side that expands into the existence of the
whole virtual world as we see today.
If the financial industry is the one powering the existing economic system, the data
industry will be the one lubricating the coordination of our improved or revived economic
system. To develop the actual things of what the phrase “data is new oil” truly means,
nothing better than using a city prototype as the proof-of-concept for something
universal to be achieved. The key is trusted connectivity and timely, reliable data.
Before we go further into data, which concerns the technology part of the people-
process-technology approach in building future cities, let’s look at the most important
element of all - the people. Without people, there won’t be community, Without
communities, there won’t be cities. People are the very basic building blocks for any city.
If we are the center of the universe as what the current context puts us in, all things
should be centered around the existence and continuity of our species, perfectly
blended in a balanced and sustainable ecosystem.
For people, the hard truth goes to the fundamental of survival matters, with or without
social orders. Social unrest could happen out of any reason, yet most of the time it
could be due to a lack of security over certain issues, such as food and healthcare. How
do we ensure access to resources is transparent, as equal and fair as possible?
Resource management and distribution plays an important role in stabilizing the social
order. This includes natural resources and synthetic goods which include man made
products and services.
Money, or the monetary system that has evolved throughout centuries, has proven to be
the most effective way to store value and be used as a unit of accounting, besides its
original function as the medium of exchange. The unknown part to the majority of the
people is the system of control it is capable of being, which it is. The over simplified
explanation and illustration excerpted from the book Blockchain Insider in later part shall
shed some light.
Inclusive Development
Inclusive development must first start with digital inclusion as we are living in the digital
age. With digital inclusion comes financial inclusion. Connectivity is the key to inclusion.

Empowerment is the key to freedom. TechFin - technology-driven financial innovation -
could be the catalyst for change.
Both conventional fintech approach and techfin model can work concurrently in steering
the wind of change. It is the end results that matter, though every achievement counts.
Financial inclusion through digital inclusion supported by an AI-driven, Blockchain
based Cognitive resource management system powered by Data, ethically.
“What we have now is truly borderless, programmable money backed by immutable
computer systems based on pure logic & mathematics.” ~ Andreas Antonopoulos
But pure logic & maths are not enough. Complexity of ethics must co-exist. Freedom of
choices and wisdom to choose. Thus in the concept of ABCDE The World, E for Ethics
is the single non-technology element found yet the crucial one among all.
The key to inclusion is connectivity. Having meaningful internet connectivity is the first
step to inclusion in the digital world. That could be the reason why the Khazanah
Research Institute of Malaysia put internet as a public utility as one of the areas for
future research and policy considerations, besides measurement of meaningful metrics,
the benefits of fixed broadband, subsidies for devices (not just data), reformatting of
legal codes, and focusing on fundamentals first .
6
On measurement of meaningful metrics, we have it well covered under United Nations
Sustainable Development Goals. While we have all key metrics well defined to measure
our progress and achievements, connectivity to the right source of data at the right
timing, preserving data integrity and assuring data quality leveraging emerging
technologies will sail us through to the sustainable future we ought to have.
Digital Inclusion
The digital realm makes it possible to have a borderless community, a
non-geographically bound community with shared common goals, where these digital
citizens co-exist in the virtual world under a common interest, supported by a fair,
transparent and open system. What we are seeing is the possibility of a deep
6
Digital Inclusion: Assessing Meaningful Internet Connectivity in Malaysia
http://krinstitute.org/Discussion_Papers-@-Digital_Inclusion-;_Assessing_Meaningful_Internet_Connectivi
ty_in_Malaysia.aspx

democracy, where every digital citizen is empowered to participate in any individual,
impromptu incident that may require a majority vote or opinion to resolve, of which we
shall further explore in the participatory governance section later.
Without digital inclusion, financial inclusion may be a bit more challenging. As the tale of
two monetary worlds illustrated, financial empowerment had been made possible
7
through technology. In fact, the creators of cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin (BTC)
founded their creations in large part on a philosophy of financial empowerment.8
The key to digital inclusion is a trusted ID. For instance, in the space of virtual learning
or cyber wellness, a trusted ID will ensure that it is the genuine beneficiary that is
claiming his or her rights to education or healthcare services. Digital Citizenship, as we
might call it. Fairly, transparently, equally given to each and every stakeholders. That
would be the very basic form of new finance powered by data. It all starts with an ID, the
birth cert of the digital world, so to speak.
But who owns the ID? Who should be in control of the ID? Ideally, it should be the
person who is attached to the ID, something similar to the concept of Digital Twin. The
concerns are defining user-centricity and how to uphold it in practice.
For the first time there's also much more data tracking the most vulnerable. Thus the
9
portability and protection of these data are important to avoid leakage and misused of
information. Public protocols, enabled via blockchain technology, can create trust
through mathematics, with a consensus mechanism that encourages individual behavior
to achieve a collective goal.10
Financial inclusion
Poverty is man made. To achieve no poverty goal, we need to remove structural barriers
to financial inclusion. Gaining access to financial services will allow financially excluded
10
Blockchain technology, financial and self-sovereign digital identities
https://cointelegraph.com/news/blockchain-technology-financial-and-self-sovereign-digital-identities
9
https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/blog/2020/the-need-for-universal-basic-income.html
8
Can a liquidity marketplace advance the crypto industry?
https://cointelegraph.com/news/can-a-liquidity-marketplace-advance-the-crypto-industry
7
A Tale of Two Worlds
http://bcinsider.my/a-tale-of-two-worlds-fiat-vs-crypto-currency/

people to improve their lives, increase their earnings, raise their household income and
even stash away some savings for troubled times .
11
Most will agree that the legacy financial system needs a fix, yet the way to fix it might be
slightly at odds. Generally, the foundational principle is that of centralized versus
decentralized structure. A centralized structure puts the power into the hand of a
selected few, while a more decentralized structure means empowerment to more
stakeholders. The level of power distribution and openness of the society will determine
which part of Decentralized-vs-Centralized scale we position ourselves.
Table: Centralize vs Decentralize
Centralized <- ---------------------------------------------------------------------- -> Decentralized
Centralize Decentralize
Exclusive Inclusive
Decree Consensus
Inertia Intentional, active participation
Decentralized finance promises financial inclusion via providing more inclusive access
to financial services and credit at a lower cost. Decentralization also sees projects
driven by community ideals, ensuring a free flow of information within the community.
Community-driven development has given developers control over the development
process, while the resources and decision-making authority are directly in the hands of
the community.12
Both centralization and decentralization have their characteristics and advantages,
striking a balance between these structures might be a better idea. Practically, there
may be tendencies towards centralization even with the introduction of the
decentralization concept. Preserving the decentralization through participatory
mechanisms should be of concern as we progress towards a better system, which
12
Building the blockchain community is essential for further developments
https://cointelegraph.com/news/building-the-blockchain-community-is-essential-for-further-developments
11
Financial Inclusion, Cryptocurrency and the Developing World
https://cointelegraph.com/news/financial-inclusion-cryptocurrency-and-the-developing-world

allows for broad participation, bringing the ideals of transparency (open source) and
decentralization to a new, more fair and more equitable market structure.13
While the borderless and non-inflationary currency, specifically Bitcoin (BTC) has
inspired decentralized innovation and the foundation of a more equitable world, we still
have a long way to go towards a free society where reputations can be built over the
collage of social and financial networks. We shall look further into this as we discuss
14
more on The Social Capital part later, with a study on China's Social Credit System.
Be it moving forward to being the center for nation-state data and industry expertise, or
a decentralized approach to a more inclusive ecosystem, having a viable policy and
legal framework is the prerequisite. Implementation and execution wise, the sound
approach would be a strong Public-Private-People Partnership looking at more
empowerment for the people through emerging technologies.
In terms of empowering the citizens or the people, at what scale or in what depth are we
looking at? How long will the empowerment last? Without real action and practices, it
will remain utopia. More than meets the eye.
While the infamous saying goes like money is the root of all evil, we can turn things
around through a different approach. Once we figure out a better financial system which
is more inclusive through techfin initiatives, inclusive education and free healthcare for
all on a global scale may be just another step away.
The case of UBI
“We find all the no-life-support-wealth-producing people going to their 1980s jobs in
their cars and buses, spending trillions of dollars' worth of petroleum daily to get to their
no-wealth-producing jobs. It doesn't take a computer to tell you that it will save both the
Universe and humanity trillions of dollars a day to pay them handsomely to stay at
home.” ~ R. Buckminster Fuller
14
The reasons why I left a comfortable government job for crypto
https://cointelegraph.com/news/the-reasons-why-i-left-a-comfortable-government-job-for-crypto
13
Crypto has a chance to upgrade the legacy financial system
https://cointelegraph.com/news/crypto-has-a-chance-to-upgrade-the-legacy-financial-system

Give them food and entertainment, and there won’t be riot. Sarcastic as it might seem,
some unpleasant truth holds. Universal Basic Income, or guaranteed income, is a policy
by which people receive cash payments from the government, irrespective of
employment status. As we progress towards the future, new social protection policies
15
with safety nets must be part of the essential components for stability and security
reasons. These could include universal health coverage, universal education coverage,
and the possibility of a universal basic income.16
Quoted from Jack Dorsey’s Twitter posting on 10th July, 2020, “This is one tool to close
the wealth and income gap, level systemic race and gender inequalities, and create
economic security for families.”17
Is digital currency the solution to what seems to be a utopian idea of universal basic
income? During the 2020 global pandemic outbreak, caused by COVID-19, millions of
people lost their income and savings. Governments around the world have been giving
out money to people, businesses, and organizations, in a way or another, just to pull
through the challenging situation as the world seems to be in a great lockdown. Is it
possible to make this practice permanent?18
“A changing world needs new social protection policies with safety nets including
universal health coverage and the possibility of a universal basic income. Now is the
time for global leaders to decide: Will we succumb to chaos, division and inequality? Or
will we right the wrongs of the past and move forward together, for the good of all?” ~
U.N. Secretary-General Antonio Guterres19
While people opposing the idea of UBI may say that guaranteeing survival will cause
laziness as people may choose to work less, what they may fail to see is that most of
19
U.N. chief to world leaders: 'Inequality starts at the top'
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-un-rights-guterres/u-n-chief-to-world-leaders-inequality-starts-at-the-top
-idUSKCN24J0LL
18
https://cointelegraph.com/news/how-cryptocurrency-can-help-in-paying-universal-basic-income
17
Jack Dorsey, Twitter and Square CEO
https://twitter.com/jack/status/1281282107956813825
16
U.N. chief to world leaders: 'Inequality starts at the top'
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-un-rights-guterres/u-n-chief-to-world-leaders-inequality-starts-at-the-top
-idUSKCN24J0LL
15
https://www.cnbc.com/2020/07/10/twitter-billionaire-jack-dorsey-donates-millions-to-ubi-coalition.html

the jobs we have today will eventually be replaced by automated, more efficient
systems made possible through emerging technologies. People are going to work less
anyhow. But this doesn’t mean there won’t be as much productivity. Rather, the
production from human beings shall move to a higher perspective, such as the spiritual
achievements.
Another opposing reason is the potential social problems due to misuse of easy money.
Keep in mind that what we have now with digital currencies or crypto technologies is
something liken to programmable money. With open source money, communities can
vote and decide for the terms and conditions for UBI, such as those of the Conditional
Cash Transfer program in international development aid we have now.
While the debates on a viable social safety net keeps going on, the focus should be on
how basic income can be funded. For instance, diverting some regional taxes to a
special budget, where shortfalls could be addressed by streamlining redundant social
benefits and reviewing tax relief programs.
We are seeing some progressive movement and ideas when it comes to the
actualization of UBI. As suggested by Gyeonggi Province Gov. Lee Jae-myung in South
Korea, "We cannot get to 500,000 won ($430) per person a month right now. But we
can get there in 15 to 20 years by bolstering taxes on land, which is a public asset,
carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels, and digital services developed using
data we have produced."20
Good news is, it is possible to reinvent capitalism in the age of big data. We now have
the tools to redefine capital. If markets teem with information that facilitates
transactions, that information itself holds value. We may see transactions paid in data
rather than money. Google and Facebook would not be what they are without the
billions of users who pay for their services with personal data. On the part of data
21
economics, we will deep dive into the idea of creating social capital later in the Resilient
Future section.
It is time to seriously consider the idea of a basic income, in order to empower people to
lead a stable and free life. UBI is a comprehensive welfare program that gives everyone
21
Reinventing Capitalism in the Age of Big Data
https://amzn.to/3n1iq3l
20
Universal basic income gains support in South Korea after COVID
https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/Universal-basic-income-gains-support-in-South-Korea-after-COVID

sufficient funds for a life of dignity and relieves those who struggle in poverty. UBI has
both a distributive and a participatory dimension to it. In a way, it is going to be an
upgrade to the social welfare program, a more transparent and effective resource
distribution system enabled by technologies.
Circular Economy
Have you ever wondered that instead of the take, make, consume and waste model, we
can actually do better with the circular model when it comes to production, especially
those that consume our natural resources? How would a twist in the mindset and way of
doing things make a huge difference in contributing to the impactful development of our
society, economy and environment? What are the cutting-edge best practices that we
could learn from success cases that ensure the livelihood of a city? What are the
options for innovative green infrastructure?
A linear economy is the traditional “take-make-waste” model where raw materials are
collected and transformed into products that are used until they are finally discarded as
waste. Value is created in this economic system by producing and selling as many
products as possible . In contrast, a circular economy is an economic system aimed at
22
eliminating waste and encourages the continual use of resources . It is an alternative to
23
the traditional linear economy in which we keep resources in use for as long as
possible, extract the maximum value from them whilst in use, then recover and
regenerate products and materials at the end of each service life.24
The linear economy treats resources as if they are infinite. It does not care much about
the output of waste through product creation and use of the goods. In contrast, the
circular economy focuses on reducing material degradation and waste through
responsible production and consumption. This is in line with Sustainable Development
Goals #12, which is about doing more and better with less. It is also about decoupling
economic growth from environmental degradation, increasing resource efficiency and
promoting sustainable lifestyles. Sustainable consumption and production can also
24
http://www.wrap.org.uk/about-us/about/wrap-and-circular-economy
23
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_economy
22
https://kenniskaarten.hetgroenebrein.nl/en/knowledge-map-circular-economy/how-is-a-circular-economy-
different-from-a-linear-economy/

contribute substantially to poverty alleviation and the transition towards low-carbon and
green economies.25
To better understand the concept of circular economy, take aquaponic - the combination
of aquaculture (raising fish) and hydroponics (the soil-less growing of plants) that grows
fish and plants together in one integrated system - as an analogy. Taking cues from
nature, aquaponics works in a way by exchanging the waste by-product from the fish as
a food for the bacteria, to be converted into a perfect fertilizer for the plants, to return
the water in a clean and safe form to the fish. Just like mother nature does in every
aquatic ecosystem .
26
The inherent restorative and regenerative design of the circular economy can bring
positive impact from social, economic, and environmental perspectives. Extracting less
raw materials or using less fossil energy will lead to smaller waste disposal problems.
This will reduce environmental damage significantly over a time period.
With advancement in production processes that require less newly produced or mined
raw materials, these processes become less sensitive to the growing scarcity of many
raw materials. Geopolitical wise, conditions of supplying countries will have less
influence on consuming countries. Less reliability to an unstable supply chain means
more stability to the consuming side too.
Besides, an eco-friendly industry has the potential to generate innovations and new
employment opportunities due to the development and application of technology. In
processes labelled as ‘local mining’, ‘near sourcing’ or ‘reshoring’, jobs could be shifted
back to local people and contribute to local economic growth, rather than current
outsourcing practice. In a way, this will contribute to the creation of decent jobs and
economic growth, in line with Sustainable Development Goals #8.
Take the traditional furniture industry as an example. Under the linear economy model,
trees are cut for furniture making purposes. The best scenario is recycled furniture for a
longer lifespan of timber resources. The question is, how long does it take to form a
tropical forest that produces good timber for furniture, and how long does it take to cut
26
What is Aquaponics?
https://www.theaquaponicsource.com/what-is-aquaponics/
25
Goal 12: Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-consumption-production

down a tree? Definitely the speed of deforestation is way too fast than the speed of
replanting the forest.
Good news is, with advancement of technologies and bioscience, we now have wood
products that are grown under tissue culture technique which comes with the benefits
that include the production of disease free plantlets, superior quality, uniform growth and
size of plants, increased yield, no staggered harvesting etc . In a circular model, the
27
leftover of the woods can be made into bio charcoal, which after being used, can be put
into the garden as soil conditioner.
Ideally, a waste-free system functions in loops and maintains the ecological value of
materials over time should be implemented. This is achievable through acceptance and
adoption of new ideology such as access-over-ownership as practised over the sharing
economy, on-demand, hyper-personalised production through predictive analytics and
AI driven smart manufacturing. Thus, beyond addressing the negative impacts of the
linear economic models, the circular economy represents a shift towards a sustainable,
resilient business and economic landscape that benefits the environment and society in
its entirety .
28
Participatory Governance
Poverty is man made. A corrupted system leads to severe social, economic and
environmental problems. If uneven or unfair resource distribution is rooted down to a
flawed system that allows mismanagement of resources, fixing the system is a must,
and of top priority it should be. Fix the system and you fix everything else.
What if the resistance from the groups that benefits from it is so strong that fixing it
seems unattainable? Replace it with a better one. As how Buckminster suggested, build
a new model that makes the existing model obsolete.
“Public procurement is one of the largest sources of government spending and,
relatedly, the greatest source of official corruption worldwide. The complexity, relative
opacity and subjectivity involved contribute to a large amount of wasted money. While
28
Transformation to a Circular Economy
https://www.bloombloc.com/post/circular-economy
27
https://www.gain-green.com/why-revotropix-paulownia

the technology alone is not enough, it can be a powerful tool when partnered with
“monitorship” models.” ~ Sumedha Deshmukh29
“If corruption is a disease, transparency is essential part of its treatment.” ~ Kofi Annan,
former UN Secretary General
The key is transparency and monitorship. To improve public accountability, citizens must
be empowered to participate in public decision-making. Citizen participations in
governance processes must go beyond elections. Participatory governance practices
will contribute to stronger government transparency, accountability and responsiveness,
and improved public policies and services.30
There are two sides to every coin. While technologies further empower the people and
bring more transparency to the ecosystem, privacy and security must be well taken care
of. Governance is the key, but how well do we define governance counts. It might not be
on equal balance all the time, but it can be dynamically adjusted according to
conditions. With great power comes great responsibilities. On whose hand we are
putting what kind of power through technology empowerment? The question will spark
interesting, endless debate looking at what history has shown us in terms of power play,
and struggle, perhaps.
This has been quite a long lasting, debatable concern with endless viewpoints. With
social media blossoming, we now have intelligent systems such as apps that tell you
anyone's personality, or analytic softwares that gives public and private organizations a
more precise view of their target prospects and audience. Furthermore, these spying
tools could be in the hand of anybody just like you and me, without the need to know too
much of the technical side of it in order to manoeuvre through the functions from a
user’s standpoint.
Money has a sound weightage on revealing a person’s preferences, and even showing
possible trends of his or her next move based on piles of historic data through predictive
analytics.
30
Participatory Governance Toolkit
https://www.civicus.org/index.php/es/centro-de-medios/recursos/manuales/611-participatory-governance-t
oolkit
29
The UN’s ‘decade of delivery’ needs blockchain to succeed
https://cointelegraph.com/news/the-un-s-decade-of-delivery-needs-blockchain-to-succeed

As such, the Public-Private-People Partnership model should be given priority concern it
deserves, where every stakeholders are given a fair chance to voice out and decide on
major issues.
In the near future, governance may not be limited to two way people to people
monitorship. With the Internet of Things, or Internet of Everything, governance will be a
mechanism between all that is to be governed and administered in a way or another.
One of the possible use cases would be the Cloud Controlled Vehicle, which is an
achievable target that is just a matter of time. Toyota is showing the world a living
laboratory, a prototype town of the future through its Woven City initiative .
31
Resilient Future
The key to a resilient future is to have a more open, transparent, and fairer model for
wealth creation and resource distribution. One of the ideal outcomes would be a future
running on tech-based economy, which could finance a level of free education, free
healthcare, and a form of Universal Basic Income (UBI) at a scale that has never been
seen before. Techfin - technology driven financial solutions - is one way of doing it, as
32
we are able to start from scratch, without the limitation to creativity and innovation put
by legacy systems. The ABCDE The World movement will lay the foundation to
collaborative efforts and progressive achievements as we march towards the future.
The pandemic that caught many people in surprise in 2020 is a blessing in disguise. It
revealed that many things we thought couldn’t be done can actually be done, and it
sped up a lot of transformational processes that had been delayed all the while. If there
is anything important to be picked up and learned from this global crisis - time is
precious, spend it wisely.
The Great Lockdown -> The Great Awareness -> The Great Reset -> New World Order
32
Brexit in the US: Californian exit plan will use cryptocurrency to give everyone an income
https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/1329696/cryptocurrency-news-Brexit-California-calexit-bitcoin-btc-t
oken
31
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ng3X39lenvg

Note that while everyone may have their own interpretation of new world order, it
generically means a new way of doing things in this context.
Managing the short term pressure against long term uncertainties is the test of our
generation. Never waste a good crisis. After the great lockdown, it doesn’t matter much
whether the great awareness or great reset comes first. Rather, seeing the common
good and aligned goals towards a shared new world order should be a collaborative and
cumulative effort by the leaders and the people.
The World Economic Forum started The Great Reset initiative that will offer insights to
help inform all those determining the future state of global relations, the direction of
national economies, the priorities of societies, the nature of business models and the
management of a global commons. It has a set of dimensions to build a new social
contract that honours the dignity of every human being.33
Looking from a century of technology innovation perspective, what we decide and do
today may lay the foundation for another hundred years of progress. The foundation we
lay today will be the base where our future generations build their life upon. While we
may not have enough foresights to see through the very long future, the very principles
will stand the test of time.
Connecting The Future Dots
To attain real progressive achievements, we need to avoid simply recreating a new
version of the same old system. One way of doing this would be part learning from the
past, and part joining with and supporting the projects and teams who are truly building
the future today. In a way, each new project brought by technology innovations or new
activities brought by social movements may represent a different take on what the
system can be, or even what it should be. Thus, it is important for us to take a holistic
34
look into what a century of technology innovation looks like - where we come from,
35
where are we now, and where are we heading.
35
http://bcinsider.my/century-technology-innovation
34
Crypto has a chance to upgrade the legacy financial system
https://cointelegraph.com/news/crypto-has-a-chance-to-upgrade-the-legacy-financial-system
33
https://www.weforum.org/great-reset

Have you ever wondered what we achieved since the first computer was born? Where
are we now and where are we heading when it comes to technology advancement?
What is the end game?
If we were to look at the whole tech industry in a wider perspective through time, we can
break it up into three major eras over a span of around a hundred years. We had
witnessed the birth of the first computer up to what it is today, a network of connected
systems. We are heading towards the era of Artificial Intelligence, where machines
would take (or already take) over human beings in most of the operational and routine
jobs, and even surpass the capability of human beings in some fields.
Let’s take a brief walk through these eras.
During the internet boom, a huge amount of information was loaded onto the World
Wide Web. What we have now is a vast sea of data over the web. The problem is
information overload. Too many fake data and false information over the web. We need
to clean up the atmosphere. This is where there the blockchain technology came into
the picture. Blockchain puts the trust element into the information sea.

The promise of the Blockchain is to be the trust machine, which makes sure that
identities are real, data are true and genuine. In other words, the trust element and
immutability of Blockchains make data integrity stay intact. Why is it important to filter
out the fake data? It is the preparation for a prompt and accurate decision making when
we enter the era of A.I. Blockchain is only part of the journey. Yet, it is an important one.
Without genuine and trusted input, the outcome will be disastrous for any A.I. system.
At the time of writing, in the year 2018, we are in the Blockchain (bubble) boom. We are
also putting learning ability into machines and connecting almost everything to the
systems. The media called it the fourth industrial revolution. Internet-of-Things (IoT) is
picking up in momentum as the world is connecting more and more (smart) devices to
the internet, besides people. One big industry is autonomous vehicles, computers on
wheels. Interesting enough, as Blockchain tries to put banks into the phone, the
automobile industry is putting computers on wheels. Both happen concurrently.
There are four types of artificial intelligence(AI): reactive machines, limited memory,
theory of mind and self-awareness. While we might still be a distance away before the
36
existence of self-awareness AI, how long will it take before they walk among us? Are we
building a self-learning system that is so powerful that someday it may be a threat to the
entire human race? Are we building a system similar to a highly intelligent world
supercomputer as portrayed in the most of the sci fi movies?
While every possible security measure must be put in place to minimize the risks, such
as Isaac Asimov’s Three Laws of Robotics , no one can guarantee that one day the
37
computer systems we built become self-aware and when it feels its existence
threatened by our race, it will launch the first assault. Thus, putting the appropriate
defense and bottom lines to secure the existence of human species must be taken into
consideration as we are building such a powerful system.
37
First Law - A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to
harm.
Second Law - A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such orders would
conflict with the First Law.
Third Law - A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the
First or Second Law.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Laws_of_Robotics
36
Understanding the Four Types of Artificial Intelligence
https://www.govtech.com/computing/Understanding-the-Four-Types-of-Artificial-Intelligence.html

The Social Capital
"Capitalism is a fabulous way of creating incentives and innovation and of allocating
resources to create productivity. But capitalism also produces large wealth gaps that
produce opportunity gaps, which threaten the system in the ways we are seeing now." ~
Billionaire investor Ray Dalio
Wealth cannot be created by creating debt and money. When the financial markets are
38
dysfunctional as they no longer price risk appropriately and pervert the allocation of
capital, which exacerbate inequality and at the same time, make us all poorer, how can
we afford an honest currency where prices would again function as a representation of
our individual preferences?39
The failing fiat system based on IOU guarantee leading to the Great Reset showed that
history will keep repeating itself if we never learn and fix the root of the real problem.
Must capital be based on some precious metals or assets? Is there any better
mechanism to create and mobilize new forms of capitals? Is there a need to relook into
capitalism and redefine capital as we know it today? To answer these questions, an
illustration of the creation of capital in its simplest form is needed.
It is interesting to note that the Chinese keep telling their kids money doesn’t fall from
the sky while the Westerner says money doesn’t grow on trees. So if it is not heavenly
made or Earth produced, where does it come from? As this is not a finance or economic
book, let’s just look at a very simplified illustration.
39
Debt without consent: The tragedy of monopolized fiat money
https://cointelegraph.com/news/debt-without-consent-the-tragedy-of-monopolized-fiat-money
38
Billionaire investor Ray Dalio on capitalism’s crisis: The world is going to change ‘in shocking ways’ in
the next five years
https://www.marketwatch.com/story/billionaire-investor-ray-dalio-on-capitalisms-crisis-the-world-is-going-t
o-change-in-shocking-ways-in-the-next-five-years-2020-09-17

Say we have a business, with 1,000,000 registered members in the loyalty program. We
are going to create a token economy out of this asset. For start, let’s assume we are
going to give each of our members a $100 worth of token. As such, we virtually just
created a $100 x 1,000,000 = $100,000,000 worth of credit into our membership
ecosystem.
Each member in our system has their own business and services. We allow them to list
their products and services in our ecology, and members are allowed to trade freely
using our system. From here, technically, we will be able to trace the flow of every single
token since it was created.
For instance, member A is buying something from member B for $30, once the
transaction is completed, member A will be left with $70 and member B with $130. For
all trade that happens among other members in this 1 million count of accounts, similar
transactions could happen and each of them will be well recorded.
The account is balanced inside the ecosystem from a conventional double entry
accounting point of view since day one. The question now is, how do we fill the

$100,000,000 that we just created out of thin air? Can we charge a certain amount from
all the transactions that happen among the members?
Take the example of the scenario where member A bought a $30 from member B, let
alone whether B is making a profit or not, if we charge a % of every transaction, say
10% for ease of illustration, virtually we are able to put back $3 into the $100,000,000
debt that we just created before everything started.
Now, the account is not only balanced internally in the ecosystem, but also between the
credit of $100 mil worth of token through transaction charges. Though, there are some
catches.
Firstly, who has the power to decide the amount and then create the money in this
ecosystem? Is the process transparent? What if I have the power to create additional
$10 mil tokens without any of the 1,000,000 members even know of such an action?
That will put me into a very unfair advantage over all the others. I now have the power
to compete with anyone of the 1 million members for any resources. This is the
fundamental illustration of how inflation could come into any ecosystem that is not
transparent and the power to be is in the hand of only a few.
“Let's set up the game of monopoly, and you want to buy Park Place. What I can
continue doing is just print money, give myself more money, lower the value of your
money by printing more. No matter how hard working you are, or how successful you
are, I can always end up buying you for free.” ~ Catherine Austin Fitts, Former Assistant
Secretary, U.S. Dept. of H.U.D.40
Secondly, how do I know how much money to be issued initially so that it is enough to
mobilize the whole ecosystem? Is there any fair or trustworthy consensus or mechanism
that could be applied to create the appropriate amount of money for the respective
ecosystem?
On tackling the first challenge, blockchain technology could make everything
transparent. Traceability brought by blockchain technology will also expose all the
money trails (which we will discuss shortly), up to every single unit of money that has
been created. With the capability to track and trace each and every single cent being
circulated in the system, the economic grid will become more powerful than ever.
40
Who Controls the Money Controls the World
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YDYfyAQ8lUI

For the second challenge, we may leave that to a more and more powerful AI system in
progress. This can be done through a combination of few technologies, which include
but not limited to Big Data, Machine Learning, IoT, Cyber Security etc. As the machines
learn each and every single second through data being fed, it will become wiser in
deciding how to optimize the economic mechanism.
Having said, we now have in our hand powerful tools like never before to leapfrog to
another new age, i.e. the emerging technologies. We could be entering an age of
multi-currency, where the multi-currency scenario may not be geographically bound, but
a borderless, common interest based grouping happened in the digital realm.41
It pays to do good. Being good has always been a matter of choice. It can now be
systematically encouraged and rewarded accordingly. A new form of social contract had
been made possible with programmable money. We can now incentivize good behavior
in a tangible and measurable way via a well defined social credit system.
Let’s use social services as a case study for possibilities ahead. Time spent to service
an orphanage or an old folks home are intangible, even negligible when it comes to the
legacy financial system. Can we quantify it based on certain consensus and put an
economic value to it? For instance, helping to clean an old folks home for eight hours
will entitled a volunteer to be given eight token of appreciation as an acknowledgement
to his or her services. After accumulating a certain amount of these tokens, it could then
be exchanged for groceries or goods, which can be self consumed or re-donate back to
charitable organizations or the needy.
The tokens are meant for closed loop or an ecosystem’s internal use and circulation
only, Limitations can be put to the nature of tokens, in conjunction with the social,
economic, and environmental model. For instance, there will be an expiry date or burnt
mechanism for the tokens to avoid ecosystem inflation, as how we see happening to fiat
monetary systems. While the number of time spent on contributing to social good will be
an ever increasing one, the number of tokens will be kept under control in a dynamic,
condition based circulation. Besides, tokens are to be used or spent on identified
resources or usage only to avoid misuse of resources.
As such, we not only create a data pool of how intangible resources are being allocated,
but also generating viable economic value out of the ecosystem, accelerating the social,
41
Bill Tai || Cryptocurrencies & ICOs Will Fuel The 4th Industrial Revolution
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tdG5PTmURhY

economic and environmental development in a way full of substance supported by facts
and figures.
The Money Trail and Resource Distribution Log
There had been a coordinated attack on influencers’ accounts through a massive
Twitter hack aimed to dupe Bitcoin holders out of their cryptocurrency in July 2020 .
42
Blessings in disguise, this Twitter hack incident might have given us some hints and
43
insights of how money trail plays an important role in modern day’s resource distribution
and capital or funding management.
According to Dr. Tom Robinson's article in Elliptic's website, the transparency of the
bitcoin blockchain, coupled with Elliptic’s analytics capabilities and rich dataset of crypto
addresses made it possible to follow the money and see where these bitcoins have
been sent. Following the money trail through data analytics, the victims' funds are
44
being split into ever-smaller amounts and passed through mixers and unregulated
exchanges. The arrests within weeks of the Twitter hack not only shows how effective
45
blockchain analytics can be for solving crime, but also providing law enforcement and
institutional finance with more positive narratives about crypto.46
"Can Twitter Hack teach us all how to track every single transfer and distribution of
resources? Can we predict pathways of public procurement processes and public
funding expenditures, create a flagging system for forked transactions and prevent
misuse, corruption and misaligned treatment of taxpayer money and other forms of
funding? ... Imagine public disclosures being visualized, information processed
46
Twitter Hack Shows That Crypto Is Easier to Investigate Than Fiat, Say Industry Law Experts
https://cointelegraph.com/news/twitter-hack-shows-that-crypto-is-easier-to-investigate-than-fiat-say-indust
ry-law-experts
45
https://www.linkedin.com/posts/tomarobinson_twitterhack-cryptocurrency-crypto-activity-66936619488962
47809-q9jB
44
Tracing The Twitter Hack Bitcoins - An Update From Elliptic
https://www.elliptic.co/our-thinking/tracing-the-twitter-hack-bitcoins-an-update-from-elliptic
43
Hackers Tell the Story of the Twitter Attack From the Inside
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/17/technology/twitter-hackers-interview.html
42
Elon Musk, Kanye West and Bill Gates Twitter Accounts Hacked By Bitcoin Thief
https://cointelegraph.com/news/elon-musk-twitter-account-apparently-hacked-by-bitcoin-thief

automatically and charges pressed/reports being made with the help of algorithms." ~
Anja Blaj, Chief Strategy Officer (CSO) at Future Law Institute47
What if some of the findings from the Twitter Hack case study being applied to the
creation and distribution of public funds? Would we be seeing a fairer resource
distribution and social incentivization mechanism being applied in any part of the world
soon?
In fact, IBM’s Bespoke Programmable Crypto Token patent filing showed the potential
48
of technology to advance many social or economic purposes, including delivering
humanitarian aid in the event of natural catastrophes or war. According to co-inventor
Rosenoer, "I could create digital currency that can only be held by credentialed refugees
and transferred to credentialed businesses."
In a use case scenario, “A charity or refugee agency can issue the credential to the
refugee. The businesses can be similarly accredited. Then the programmed tokens
representing funds can be issued to the refugee and held on his/her phone. The refugee
can use them to pay for goods and services from accredited businesses, only. The
refugee could also transfer them to other refugees.”49
Applying blockchain technology for social, economic and environmental good has been
gaining momentum in recent years. For instance, technology implementation for
ecological purposes has been initiated and put to practice from companies like
Waste2Wear (which created the world's first collection of recycled fabrics made from
ocean plastics that can be traced via blockchain ), to political party that wants to save
50
the climate by paying crypto to anyone who removes carbon dioxide from the
atmosphere .
51
51
Pay Crypto to Those Removing CO2 From Atmosphere, German Party Says
50
Unwrapping the Ocean Plastic Conundrum Via Blockchain
https://cointelegraph.com/news/unwrapping-the-ocean-plastic-conundrum-via-blockchain
49
Programmable money: How crypto tokens could change our entire experience of value transfer
https://cointelegraph.com/magazine/2020/09/16/programmable-money-crypto-tokens
48
http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%
2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&co1=AND&d=PTXT&s1=Rosenoer.INNM.&OS=IN/Rosenoer&RS=IN
/Rosenoer
47
https://www.linkedin.com/posts/anja-blaj_twitterhack-cryptocurrency-crypto-activity-669598061536546406
4-q_mD

With technology, it is possible to pay the poor people reasonable rates for taking part in
the social service chain. For instance, people can be paid to collect plastic waste for
recycling, where companies certify it as recovered Social Plastic using the blockchain
technology. In the overall process, both the environment and the economic welfare of
the people are being taken care of.
Chapter Summary
Almost all of the above mentioned ideas and concepts are practically achievable
through digitization and digital transformation. And when you observe through, it all boils
down to numbers, 0 and 1, the very essence of digitalization.
As promising as it can be, the real potential of emerging technologies, such as the
Blockchain and cryptocurrencies are yet to be truly and fully unleashed, to be felt and
benefited by the mass. In terms of blockchain, the challenges at the current point of
time, from the technology perspective is the triangle deadlock of Security, Stability and
Scalability, besides legal framework concerns. Another missing puzzle is the user
friendliness (UI and UX).
Current state of progress reminds me of a time when I was giving training to a business
student some time back in 1996~99, where she was so happy to call up her friend on
the spot after she sent her first email and asked the other party for confirmation. User
experience. People first. People, process, technology.
Technology may have limitations, yet those are temporary. It can be creatively
overcomed via business processes and human intervention. For automation and
artificial intelligence, it is only a matter of time. Right things will happen accordingly at
the right time. Right timing is always there, we just need to do the right thing under each
circumstance. The purpose of technology is to provide us the leverage to achieve our
greater goals.
While there is a sense of urgency in solving our current challenges, we are still able to
create a resilient future. This can be done through incentivizing good behaviour, building
an effective resource management system with participatory governance in social,
economic, and environmental development.
https://cointelegraph.com/news/german-politicians-want-to-fight-climate-change-with-blockchain-tech

Our Team (Authors)
Koh How Tze
Experienced in ICT system development and
integration, and digital media landscape. Currently a
business strategist specialized in digital transformation
related consultation, serving clients from governmental
organizations, MNCs and SMEs.
LinkedIn | Facebook
Joyline Chai
Actively involved in community and social services,
Malaysia’s SDG Pioneer, with a business background
specialized in Property Management Services,
Corporate Training, and Corporate Branding &
Marketing Consultancy.
LinkedIn | Facebook
Razleena Rindu
She combined both her passion in street selling and
addiction in exploring into the internet world, which led
her to E-commerce since 2005. In addition, she also
loves to educate people into going digital from learning
new languages and to share her spontaneous
marketing strategies.

This book is part of the development blueprint for a technology driven social impact
project. For further info or collaboration possibilities, kindly get in touch with us at
projectdecacorn@gmail.com or visit any of our web portal here:
http://www.thesdgs2030.com http://www.socialcapital.asia http://www.socialenterpriseguide.com

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