This document discusses the glass ceiling phenomenon, which refers to an invisible barrier that prevents women and minorities from advancing to higher-level positions in their careers. It defines the glass ceiling as advancement being stopped due to discrimination. Common factors that contribute to the glass ceiling include gender stereotypes, lack of family-friendly policies, and unequal pay. Effects on women include feeling like outsiders in leadership and doubting their own worth. Issues related to the glass ceiling are that many women earn inadequate wages or leave their careers to raise families, showing how this barrier limits women's economic opportunities.

1. GLASS CEILLING
BY
SOLEHAH ATIQAH BINTI MOHD
AZHAR

2. WHY GLASS CEILLING?
In Economics
CEILING-there is a limitation blocking upward
advancement
GLASS-the limitation is not immediately apparent and is
normally an unwritten and unofficial policy
In Corporate Industry
CEILING-that there is a limit to how far someone can
climb it
GLASS-it is transparent and not obvious to the observer

3. THE DEFINITION OF GLASS CEILLING
• The advancement of a qualified person stopped at a
lower level because of some form of discrimination
• Usually faced by women in industry that are
dominated by man
• Limits a women as inferior and is harassed by the
society
• Stereotypical view of society that women are weak
physically and mentally

4. FACTORS OF GLASS CEILLING
• the physiological differences between men and women is used to justify
the unequal treatment to women
• Historical attitude of men towards women that physiological differences
limit women in their choice of career, their intellectual maturity, their
credibility, as well as their ability to be effective contributors to the society
• view of women in which their "role" is that of keeper of hearth and home
while that of the man is to provide for and protect this "weaker sex"--a
view which continues to define different social roles for men and women.
• Women who are not able to pursue a career or who do not earn enough
to maintain an adequate standard of living are dependent on their
husbands or government agencies for financial support
• Women are pressured to be good mothers and are expected to play a
very active role in raising their children, yet these outside forces require
them to maintain a career in order to provide for those children

5. TYPE OF GLASS CEILLING BARIER
• Different pay for comparable work
• Sexual,ethnic,racial,religious discrimination or harassment in
the workplace
• Lack of family-friendly workplace policies
• Stereotyping and preconceptions of women’s roles abilities
• Failure of senior leadership to assume accountability for
women’s advancement
• Lack of role models
• Lack of monitering

6. EFFECTS OF GLASS CEILLING
• At the top management, many women feel
isolated like outsider
• Makes women feel that they are not worthy
enough as their boss do not see them as a
potential candidates
• Many women have faced sexual harassment,
wage inequality, blocked movement and gender
stereotyped roles
• Women going out of industry and raising families
• Women going business for themselves

7. ISSUES RELATED TO GLASS CEILLING
• one out of every four U.S. women earned less
than $10,000 a year (Rhoodie 259)--which is a
less than adequate "living wage" for single
mothers and divorced women with custodial
children. For those women who do pursue a
career and hold a university degree, that degree
confers no advantage in the job market. Eschel M.
Rhoodie reports that such women, on average,
have an effective income little more than that of
a man with comparable years of work experience
without a high school diploma