Girimitra sammelan 2019 souvenir

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{XZm§H$ … 13 d 14 Owc¡, 2019
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{XZm§H$ … 13 d 14 Owc¡, 2019
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`m nwpñVHo$V àH$m{eV Pmcoë`m _OHw$amer àH$meH$ gh_V AgVrcM Ago Zmhr.
Web site : www.girimitra.org
Email : girimitra.sammelan@gmail.com
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AmhoV. Ë`m§Zm {J[a^Q>Š`m§Mm Am{U {J[aào_tMm Mm§Jcm à{VgmX {_imcm Amho.

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Mmcy R>ody`m.
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{J[a{_Ì gÝ_mZ
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IAM Am{U d¡ZVo` (Om°BªQ> _mo{h_)

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{J[a{_Ì ñnYm©
ÑH²$lmì` gmXarH$aU ñnYm©
àW_ H«$_m§H$ … Summit Redefined
Film by Amåhr {J`m©amohH$
{ÛVr` H«$_m§H$ … Running the High Himalayas
Film by Neil Productions Zrc àm°S>ŠeÝg
V¥Vr` H«$_m§H$ … Third - Team
Film by {ZgJ©{_Ì, nZdoc
CÎmoOZmW© … Himalayan Expedition
Film by Sahyadri Adventure Club
CÎmoOZmW© … Healing Himalayas Foundation
Film by y 4Play Productions
N>m`m{MÌU ñnYm©
àW_ H«$_m§H$ … A{_V nQ>ob
N>m`{MÌ erf©H$ - The magnificent Waterfall
{ÛVr` H«$_m§H$ … {dnwb OmYd
N>m`{MÌ erf©H$ - Fire In The Sky
V¥{V` H«$_m§H$ … AemoH$ Xodm§JU
N>m`{MÌ erf©H$ - Monsoon Beauty
CÎmoOZmW© … {ZpIb A{Zb ~mJwb
N>m`{MÌ erf©H$ - ({Xbo Zmhr)
CÎmoOZmW© … gm¡a^ Mm¡Yar
N>m`{MÌ erf©H$ - Girimal Falls
CÎmoOZmW© … A_o` _wéS>H$a
N>m`{MÌ erf©H$ - Encircled by Mountains

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Q´>oH$a ãcm°J ñnYm©
àW_ H«$_m§H$ … àem§V naXoer
ãbm°JMo Zmd - prashantpardeshi.blogspot.com
{ÛVr` H«$_m§H$ … Am|H$ma Ho$iH$a
ãbm°JMo Zmd - _ZmVb§ H$mhr Var...
V¥{V` H«$_m§H$ … Xodm KmUoH$a
ãbm°JMo Zmd - CZmS> ^Q>H§$Vr
CÎmoOZmW© … n§H$O g_oi
ãbm°JMo Zmd - _hmamï´> Xoem
nmoñQ>a ñnYm©
àW_ H«$_m§H$ … eoIa amOo{eH}$
nmoñQ>aMo Zmd - Fort steps : Rock cut steps
{ÛVr` H«$_m§H$ … AO` hmVoH$a
nmoñQ>aMo Zmd - Ûma{eën
V¥Vr` H«$_m§H$ … àem§V naXoer
nmoñQ>aMo Zmd - h[aha nm`è`m

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JOHN PORTER
(Chief Guest)
An American by birth, John Porter climbed as a teenager
in the White Mountains of New Hampshire, before serving
his mountain apprenticeship in the Rockies and Yosemite.
After studying at the University of Oregon, he went the UK
to do post graduate studies at the University of Leeds.
There he climbed with the leading activists of the day -
Brian Hall, Roger Baxter Jones, Al Rouse, Alex MacIntyre,
Peter Boardman, Joe Tasker, John Syrett and many more
from America and Europe. From the mid 70’s, with as
Boardman, Voytek Kurtyka (Poland), Rene Ghilini (France)
and MacIntyre, he made pioneering light weight ascents
including winter traverse of the Tatra (1976), NE Face of Bandaka (1977), the S. Buttress of
Changabang (1978), S. Face Ranrapulka (1979), S.E Ridge Tarke Kang (1982) and Diamond
Couloir Direct on Mt. Kenya (1984). He joined Rouse and friends to attempt the West Ridge
of Everest in winter (1980/81) and the NW Ridge of K2 during the tragic year of 1986. In more
recent years, there were further new routes and climbs during trips to Garhwal (Kedar Dome),
Karakorum (Chong Kundam 1 and 5), Tibet (Sepu Kangri) and Greenland. He lives with his
wife and two daughters in Caldbeck and works as a consultant in energy supply chains. In his
spare time, he has been involved in many mountain culture projects, creating the Kendal
Mountain Festival in 1980, the Mountain Heritage Trust in 1999 and SteepEdge.com. in 2009.
His biography of MacIntyre One Day as a Tiger published by VP in Sept. 2014 won the Grand
Prize at the Banff Mountain Book Festival that year. It is the first book by a mountaineer to
be shortlisted for the Times Cross Sports Book of the Year. It is now published in eight
languages. John is the current President of the Alpine Club and an Honorary Fellow at the
University of Cumbria.
The main lecture for the Mumbai Festival will be Pioneers of Alpinism which will start with
a brief history of the oldest mountaineering club in the world - the Alpine Club (est. 1857) -
and the role its members have had over the past 162 years at the cutting edge of alpine
climbing. The main focus of the talk will be my participation in light with alpinism between
1976 and 1986 when an extraordinary number of new and difficult first ascents were pioneered

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by British climbers with partners from a number of other countries, all committed to the idea
of applying alpine style climbing tactics to the greater ranges. These included ascents of
8000m peaks by unclimbed faces and ridges (Dhaulagiri East Face, Shishapangma S Face,
Kanchenjunga NW Face as well as many technically much more difficult routes on peaks like
Changabang, the Ogre, Bandaka, Kantega and many more. There was a race to do the purist
lines before they were climbed by fixed ropes expeditions. Among the main exponents were
Joe Tasker, Pete Boardman, Alex MacIntyre, Doug Scott, Roger Baxter Jones, Al Rouse, Voytek
Kurtyka, the Burgess Twins Al and Adrian and partners for Europe including Voytek Kurtyka,
Georges Battenberg, Jurek Kukuczka and Reni Ghilini. No one knew what the limits were and
there was a heavy price to pay. The exponents have been called; “the generation that nearly
climbed itself into extinction. In this lecture John Porter describes his involvement in the
movement and climbs on Bandaka, Changabang, Everest in winter, Annapurna and culminating
with the death of Alan Rouse on K2 in 1986. The lecture will finish with the 1991 Indian/Anglo
Chong Kundam expedition.
For my talk at Corporate House, I propose to present: The Beauty of Risk, an exploration
of the nature of adventure in life, challenging man’s perception of what is real and what is
illusion, the nature of beauty and truth and how success and failure are equally important if
people make the most of their experiences. The talk is illustrated with stunning and at times
surprising images drawn from sixty years of climbing around the world with some thought
provoking insights from philosophers which take us into and beyond George Mallory’s
justification for climbing Everest; ‘Because it’s there.’ This lecture has been very popular both
with climbers and business leaders because it expands on the concept and value of taking risks.
HARISH KAPADIA
(Special Guest)
Harish Kapadia has made a unique contribution to our
knowledge of the Himalaya: as editor of the Himalayan Journal,
one of the most authoritative and comprehensive record of
exploratory activity in the Himalaya; through his numerous
books (17) and as a leader and organiser of countless
expeditions over the last 50 years. He has personally climbed
more than 30 Himalayan peaks, many of them first ascents.
Moreover, he has crossed more than 150 Himalayan passes to
explore different valleys.
His explorations include most areas of the Himalaya and
specially, Arunachal Pradesh. He has continued his passion
despite two serious injuries and a major tragedy when he lost his young son, Lt Nawang
Kapadia, a soldier and a mountaineer, to terrorism in Kashmir.
He has received many awards including the Royal “Patron’s Medal”, by the Royal
Geographical Society, the first Indian to receive this highest adventure award after 125 years.
The President of India honoured him with the prestigious ‘Tensing Norgay National Adventure
Award” (2003) for Life Time achievements, and he received the prestigious ‘King Albert I

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Mountain Award’ in Switzerland and Piolets D'or Asia 2017, UIAAA, considered as the Oscar
award of mountaineering.
Harish was invited to many countries to lecture on his Himalayan exploits, and Harish is
Honorary member of many international organisations and Editor Emeritus of the Himalayan
Club. He is married, and lives in Mumbai.
PADMA VIBHUSHAN DR. ANIL KAKODKAR
(President)
Padma Vibhushan Dr. Anil Kakodkar: Former Chairman,
Atomic Energy Commission & Secretary to the Government of
India, Department of Atomic Energy.
Presently, Member, Atomic Energy Commission.
Dr. Anil Kakodkar, after graduating from VJTI in Mechanical
Engineering joined the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC)
in 1964, following the one year post graduate Training with top
rank in Nuclear Science and Technology in the then Atomic
Energy Establishment.
He is recipient of Padma shree, Padma bhushan & Padma
vibhushan awards.
He became the Director of Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
(BARC) in the year 1996 and was the Chairman, Atomic Energy Commission and Secretary to
the Government of India, Department of Atomic Energy for the period from 2000 to 2009.
Dr. Kakodkar has worked for the development of the atomic energy programme in
throughout his professional life.
He has innovative contributions to human resource development activities like establishment
of NISER (National Institute of Science Education and Research), DAE-Mumbai University CBS
(Centre for Basic Sciences) and HBNI (Homi Bhabha National Institute).
He is a part of many high level, advisory committees in the fields of energy, education and
societal development.
He is a recipient of honours from many academic institutions including IIT Mumbai, IIT
Kharagpur and IIT Delhi.
He is a fellow of Indian National Academy of Engineering, Indian Academy of Sciences, The
National Academy of Sciences and Maharashtra Academy of Sciences.
He is also recipient of many prestigious international and national awards & honours.
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{J`m©amohUmVbo AÜd`y©
{J`m©amohU hr g§H$ënZm éOÊ`mnyduXoIrb S>m|JaXè`m§_Üò _mZdmMm dmda gwéM hmoVm. ì`mnma, VrW©`mÌm,
`wÕ Aem {Z{_ÎmmZo _mZdmZo Xè`m-S>m|JamV AZoH$Xm àdmg Ho$bm hmoVm. nU Ho$di N>§X åhUyZ S>m|JamV
OmÊ`mgmR>r AR>amdo eVH$ COmS>mdo bmJbo. BQ>brÀ`m gr_obm bmJyZ Agbobo nU «$mÝg_Üò dgbobo
Amëßg_Yrb gdm}ƒ {h_{eIa _m±Q> ãbm§H$darb AmamohUm_wio {J`m©amohUmMr gwédmV Pmbr Ago _mZbo
OmVo. nU Ë`mnyduXoIrb `wamonmV _m±Q> doÝVmo, amoe _obmoZ Aem H$mhr nd©Vmda AmamohU Pmbo hmoVo.
1492 _Üò AÝQ>moZr S>r {db `mZo amOmkodéZ _m±Q> Ap½db `m S>m|Jamda AmamohU Ho$bo. 1555
_Üò H$m°ZmamS> JogZa `mZo {nbmQ>g `m S>m|Jamda AmamohU Ho$bo. AmZ§XmgmR>r Ho$bobo Vo AmamohU Agë`mMr
Zm|X JogZaZo Ho$br Amho.
1765 _Üò pñdËPbªS>_Yrb YZdmZ emók
~oZo{S>ŠQ> X gm°gwa `mZo _m±Q> ãbm§H$darb
AmamohUmgmR>r n¡O bmdbr hmoVr. Ë`mbm à{VgmX
XoV 1775 _Üò Oo. EZ. H$m¡VoamZ Am{U VrZ
JmB©S²g `m§Zr Mma hOma 304 _rQ>a n`ªVMr C§Mr
JmR>br. Ë`mZ§Va _m±Q> ãbm§H$À`m nm`Ï`mÀ`m
Mm_mo{ZŠg_Yrb _mBHo$b J°{~«Eb n°H$mS©> Am{U
O°Ho$g ~më_mQ> `m§Zr 8 Am°JñQ> 1786 gmbr
Mma hOma 807 _rQ>a C§Mrn`ªV OmD$Z
{eIa_mWm JmR>bm. `mM H$mimV _m±Q> ãbm§H$À`m
nm`Ï`mÀ`m Mm_mo{ZŠg_Yrb gm¢X`©emómMm
AmÚ CX² JmVm Om°Z añH$sZ `mZo "nd©V hmM {ZgJ©gm¢X`m©Mm CJ_ Am{U A§V' Ago gm§JV {J`m©amohUmbm
gm¢X`©ñdmXmMr {XjmXoIrb {Xbr.
1786 Z§Va bJoMM gm°gwa `mZoXoIrb _m±Q> ãbmÝH$da AmamohU Ho$bo. Va 1808 _Üò nmD$b _[aAm
nmam{Xg {hZoXoIrb Ë`mda AmamohU Ho$bo. nU {J`m©amohUmbm Iè`m AWm©Zo Omoa Ambm Vmo pñdËPbªS>À`m ~{Z©O
Amëßg_Yrb 11,872 y$Q> C§MrÀ`m doÅ>ahm°Z© {eIamda1854 gmbr Amë«o$S> {dëg `mZo AmamohU Ho$bo Voìhm.
hr KQ>Zm EH$ N>§X åhUyZ {J`m©amohUmMr gwédmV _mZbr OmVo. Amë«o$S> {dëg `m§À`m 1856 _Yrb "dm°ÝS>[a¨J
A_§J X hm` Amëng' `m nwñVH$mZo {J`m©amohUmbm Iè`m AWm©Zo MmbZm {_imbr.
Ë`mZ§Va 1857 gmbr {~«{Q>em§Zr AënmBZ Šb~ ñWmnZ Ho$bm Am{U nmR>monmR> 1885 n`ªV `wamonmVrb BVa
Xoem§_ÜòXoIrb Aem g§ñWm CX`mg òV Joë`m. {J`m©amohUmMr EH$ H«$sS>m àH$ma åhUyZ dmQ>Mmb hmoD$ bmJbr.
AZw^dm§Mr XodKod ìhmdr `m hoVyZo AënmBZ Šb~Zo Peaks, Passes and Glaciers `m erf©H$mÀ`m nwpñVH$m
àH$m{eV Ho$ë`m. 1863 À`m _mM©nmgZ Šb~V}$ AënmBZ OZ©b ho Ì¡_m{gH$ gwé Pmbo. {J`m©amohUmÀ`m
XñVmdoOrH$aUmMr nÕV gwé Pmbr. 1871 gmbr à{gÕ Pmbobo boñbr ñQ>r$Z {bpIV The Playground
of Europe ho {J`m©amohU{df`H$ n{hbo A{ÔmV {bImU _mZbo OmVo.
Z§VaÀ`m H$mimV BQ>br Am{U pñdËPbªS>À`m gr_odaMo {Ûe¥§Jr _°Q>ahm°Z© Am{U pñdËPbªS>À`m ~{Z©O
Amëßg_Ybo Am`Ja `m XmoZ {h_{eIam§darb AmamohU§ {deof JmObr.
_°Q>ahm°Z©daMo n{hbo èñdr AmamohU Pmbo Vo 14 Owb¡ 1865 _Üò. _°Q>ahm°Z©À`m pñdg ømoZ©br YmaoZo
Ho$boë`m n{hë`mM AmamohUmbm AnKmVmMo Jmb~moQ> bmJbo. `m _mo{h_oXaå`mZ {J`m©amohUmVbm n{hbm _moR>m
AnKmV Pmbm. ES>dS©>À`m ZoV¥ËdmImbr bm°S©> «$mpÝgg S>½bg, Mmb©g hS>gZ, S>½b h°S>mo, _m`Ho$b H«$moO Am{U

16
Pa_°Q> òWrb XmoZ JmB©S> nrQ>a Q>mCJdmëS>a Am{U Ë`mMm _wbJm `m§Mm _mo{h_oV g-_mdoe hmoVm. S>½bg hS>gZ,
h°S>mo Am{U H«$moP `m Mm¡Km§Mm `m _mo{h_oV AnKmVr _¥Ë`y Pmbm.
Am`Ja Vgo {J`m©amohH$m§Zm àW_ à`ËZmV MT>Ê`mgmR>r gai gmYo Agbo Var `m S>m|JamÀ`m dmòìòH$S>rb
H$S>çmMo åhUOo Am`Jadm§S>Mo AmìhmZ _moR>o hmoVo. Am`Jada n{ü_ H$S>çmZo 1858 gmbrM èñdr AmamohU
Pmbo, nU Am`Jadm§S>Zo 1938 n`ªV XmX {Xbr Zmhr.
nd©VmamohUmMm àgma hmoV AgVmZm VwbZoZo àñVamamohUmV $maer àJVr Pmbr ZìhVr. qH$~hþZm 1870
n`ªVÀ`m H$mimV nd©VmamohH$ àñVamamohU Q>mim`MoM. AmëßgÀ`m nd©VamOrV ZdZdo à`moJ H$aUmè`m Amë~Q>©
__oar Am{U pŠb¨Q>Z So>ÝQ> `m XmoKm§_wio àñVamamohUmbm Iar gwédmV Pmbr. _m±Q> ãbmÝH$ nd©VloUrVrb J«onm°Z
{eIamda CÎmaoH$S>rb ~mOyZo AmamohU H$aVmZm àñVamamohUmMo Zdo H$m¡eë` {dH${gV Ho$bo. VoWrb H«°$H$_YyZ
Ë`mMo AmamohU Ë`mn¡H$sM EH$. J«onm°Z_Yrb `m H«°$H$bm AmO __oar H«°$H$ åhUyZ AmoiIbo OmVo. EH$ {H«$S>m
àH$ma åhUyZ àñVamamohUmMr gwédmV __oar_wio Pmbr. 1870 Vo 1880 `m XeH$mV ñH$m°Q>b§S>, Zm°W© doëg Am{U
boH$ {S>pñQ´>ŠQ> `m ^mJmV àM§S> à_mUmV àñVamamohU hmoD$ bmJbo. `m_Üò _{hbm§Mm XoIrb gh^mJ hmoVm.
Ë`mVyZM nwT>o {J`m©amohUmVrb ZdZdrZ gmYZgm_J«rMm {dH$mg hmoD$ bmJbm. AënoZñQ>m°H$ `m nmM-ghm y$Q>r
H$mR>rMr OmJm AmB©g AŠgZo KoVbr. {dgmì`m eVH$mÀ`m gwédmVrÀ`m H$mimV {nQ>m°Z, H°$am{~ZZa hoXoIrb
{dH${gV Pmbo.
EH$mo{Ugmì`m eVH$mÀ`m AIoaÀ`m Vrg dfm©V __oarZo Amëßg_Üò ^ÞmQ> AmamohUo Ho$br. Ë`mÀ`m
AmamohUmMm gmam â C§Mr Am{U {eIam§Mr g§»`m `mnojm JwUdÎmoV H$R>rU MT>m`m H$aÊ`mda A{YH$ hmoVm.
1889 _Üò Amëng_Yrb AmamohUm§_Üò JmBS>Mm dmna H$aUo Ë`mZo ~§X Ho$bo. AënmBZ AmamohU e¡brMr J§JmoÌr
__oarÀ`m AmamohUmn`ªV _mJo OmUmar Amho.
EìhmZm Amëßg_Yrb AZoH$ {h_{eIam§da à`moJ H$éZ Pmbo Var {h_mb`mH$So> ZOa dibr ZìhVr. gd}jU
Am{U AÝ` H$m_m§À`m {Z{_ÎmmZo {h_mb` Am{U H$mamH$moa_ `m nd©Vam§Jm§Mr AmoiI {~«{Q>em§Zm hmoV hmoVr.
gd}jUmgmR>rÀ`m ^Q>§H$VrVrb gh^mJr ho {J`m©amohH$ Zgbo Var Ë`m§À`m_wio {h_mb`mMo ^ì`{Xì` én OJmg_moa
òV Jobo. {J`m©amohUmgmR>r OUy H$mhr Z§XZdZM Iwb§ hmoÊ`m_wio gd}jU Am{U {J`m©amohUmMm AÛ¡V~§YM Ë`mVyZ
CbJS>Vmo.
^maVmV ^ygd}jUmMr _whÿV©_oT> 1802 gmbr _Ðmg òWo amodbr Jobr. `m {d^mJmÀ`m Mmëg© H«$m°$S©> Am{U
{dë`_ do~ `m§Zr {h_mb`mVrb A{VC§MrÀ`m {eIam§Mm doY ¿`m`bm gwédmV Ho$br. Ë`m§À`m {Z[ajUm§Zo nmümË`
OJmMo {h_mb`mÀ`m C§Mr~m~VMo g_O ~XbV Jobo. EH$mo{Ugmì`m eVH$mÀ`m gwédmVrÀ`m {Z[ajUmV
{h_{eIam§Zm H«$_m§H$ XoÊ`mV Ambo. 1849 Vo 1855 `m H$mimV H$Z©b A±S´²>`y dm°K `mZo C§MrÀ`m ñnY}Vrb
79 {eIam§Mo ZH$memda ñWmZ {Z{üV Ho$bo. Ë`mM _moOUrV {eIa 15 Zo gdm}ƒnXmMm _mZ {_idbm. ^yVnyd©
gd}jU A{YH$mè`mÀ`m ñ_aUmW© {eIamMo Zm_H$aU "EìhaoñQ>' Ago H$aÊ`mV Ambo. _mÌ EH$m Zm|XrZwgma 1711
_Üò bm_m d OogyBQ> nmÐr `m§Zr {V~oQ>r ^y^mJmMr nmhUr, _moOUr Ho$br hmoVr. Ë`mda AmYmarV 1717 gmbÀ`m
ZH$memV X{jU gr_oda "Mmo_mD$ bm§H$nm' hr 40 _¡b bm§~rMr nd©VloUr XmIdbr hmoVr. Ë`mAmYmao 1733
gmbr «|$M ^yd¡km{ZH$ OrZ ~°pßQ>ñQ> X AZpìhb `m§Zr n°[ag_Üò 42 ZH$mem§Mm g§M àH$m{eV Ho$bm. Ë`m_wio
«|$Mm§Zr {~«{Q>em§nyduM `m {eIamMr _yi Zmdm{Zer Zm|X Ho$br Agm XmdmXoIrb Ho$bm OmVmo.
Omogo$ hÿH$aMm "Xm{O©qbJ-H$m§MZOw§Jm' n[aga gdmªJmZo d{U©Umam n{hbm J«§W 1854 gmbr à{gÕ Pmbm.
gd}jU ImË`mVrb Om°O© _m±Q>Jmo_arZo 1851 _Üò {h_mb`mVrb 70 hOma _¡b joÌmMo ^ygd}jU Xhm dfm©V
nyU© Ho$bo. nU Zonmi Am{U {V~oQ>_Üò nmümË`m§Zm VoWo àdoe ZìhVm. Ë`m_wio Ë`m àXoemVrb ì`mnmamgmR>r à{gÕ
Agboë`m ^mo{Q>`m O_mVrÀ`m hahþÞar VéUm§Zm Ë`mZo gd}jUmMo à{ejU {Xbo. 1865 Vo 1885 `m H$mimV
_m±Q>Jmo_arZo `m ^moQ>r`m O_mVrVrb VéUm§À`m _mÜ`_mVyZ {V~oQ>r nR>mamnmgyZ Vo _§Jmo{b`mn`ªVMm _Ü` A{e`mMm
àXoe gd}jUmÀ`m ZH$memda AmUbm. ZBZqgK amdV Am{U {H$eZqgK amdV `m H$mH$m nwVÊ`m§Zr Agm_mÝ`
Aer H$m_{Jar Ho$br. ho gd© H$_©Mmar {J`m©amohUmMo Img à{ejU dJ¡ao KoVbobo ZìhVo. nU gd}jU

17
ImË`mVrb Zm|XrZwgma 1862 n`ªV `m ImË`mVrb H$_©Mmè`m§Zr
20 hOma y$Q>m§nojm A{YH$ C§MrÀ`m 37 {eIam§da AmamohU
Ho$bo hmoVo. Ë`mn¡H$s EH$ H$_©Mmar C§Mr_mnH$ `§ÌmMo Im§~ KoD$Z
21 hOma 325 y$Q> C§MrÀ`m {ebm nd©Vmda MT>bm.
Ë`mH$miMo Vo gdm©{YH$ C§MrdaMo AmamohU hmoVo. _mÌ
B{Vhmgmbm Ë`m AZm_ H$_©Mmè`mMo Zmd _m{hV Zmhr.
gd}jUmì`{V[aº$ Img Ho$di nd©V MT>Ê`mgmR>r nmümË`
OJmVyZ {h_mb`mV Amboë`m§n¡H$s n{hbonUmMm _mZ {dë`_
J«°h_H$So> OmVmo. 1883 gmbr {dë`_ ^maVmV Ambm Am{U
Ë`mZo {g¸$s_, JT>dmb-Hw$_mD$± ^mJmV {J`m©amohU Ho$bo.
AmZ§XmgmR>r {J`m©amohU hr Ë`mÀ`m {h_mb`rZ _mo{h_m§_mJMr
g§H$ënZm hmoVr.
1890 À`m Xaå`mZ g§K{Q>V {h_mb`rZ _mo{h_m§Mr gwédmV
Pmbr ZìhVr. Ë`mMr gwê$dmV {dë`_ _mQ>uZ H$m°Zdo_wio Pmbr.
H$m°ZdoMr 1892 Mr n{hbr _mo{h_ am°`b {OAmoJ«m$sH$b
gmogm`Q>rZo nwañH¥$V Ho$br hmoVr. H$mamoH$moa__Yrb `m _mo{h_oV
H$m°Zdo, Mmb©g ~«yg `m§À`mgmo~V AmUIrZ VrZ {J`m©amohH$ d
Amëßg_Yrb JmB©S> d JwaIm nbQ>UrVrb JwaIo `m§Mm g_mdoe
hmoVm. `m _mo{h_oV H$mamH$moa_, {hñnma-~mëQ>moa ^mJmMo ZH$merH$aU Pmbo. 19 hOma Mmaeo y$Q>m§Mo {H«$ñQ>b
Am{U 22 hOma ghmeo y$Q> C§MrMo nm`mo{Zà `m XmoZ {eIamda èñdr AmamohU Pmbo. {h_mb`mVrb g§K{Q>V
_mo{h_m§Mm nm`m `m _mo{h_oVyZ H$m°Zdo `m§Zr aMbm åhQ>bo Va Vo dmdJo R>aUma Zmhr.
nwT>o 1895 _Üò __oar hm Ë`mÀ`m ghH$mè`mgh Z§Jm nd©Vmda {ZKmbm. Mmb©g ~«yg Ë`mbm XmoZ Jwa»`m§gh
gm_rb Pmbm. 24 Am°JñQ>bm __oar Am{U XmoZ JwaIo Z§Jm nd©VmÀ`m XmoZ H$S>çm§Xaå`mZMr qIS> emoYÊ`mÀ`m
H$m_{Jarda Jobo Vo naV AmboM ZmhrV. {h_mb`rZ _mo{h_mVrb hr n{hbr XþX£dr KQ>Zm. Z§Jm nd©Vmda
OmÊ`mAmYr __oar `m§Mo "_m` ŠbmB§ãO BZ X Amëßg' ho nwñVH$ àH$m{eV Pmbo hmoVo, Ë`mÀ`m _¥Ë`wZ§Va Vo nwñVH$
AmUIrZM bmoH${à` Pmbo.
à{VHy$b dmVmdaUmVrb AmUIr EH$ _hËdmMo AmamohU åhUOo AH$m±H$m½dwAm. X{jU A_o[aHo$Vrb
A±pÊS>O_Yrb AH$m±H$m½dwAm {eIamda ES>dS©> {$ëPJoamëS> Am{U _pÏWAmg Pw{~«©JoZ `m§Zr 1897 _Üò
èñdr AmamohU Ho$bo. nwT>o `m {eIamda _{hbm {J`m©amohH$ A{ÐAmbm qbH$ {hZo 1940 _Üò AmamohU Ho$bo.
{J`m©amohUmÀ`m N>§Xmnm`r AZoH$ àXoe qnOyZ H$mT>Umao ì`{º$_Ëd åhUOo 'S>çyH$ Am°$ A~«wPr'. BQ>brÀ`m
`m amOmZo `m N>§Xmnm`r VZ, _Z Am{U YZhr I{M©bo. Ë`mZo OJâ _mo{h_m AmIë`m. 1897 bm Ë`mbm Z§Jm
nd©Vmda OmÊ`mgmR>r Ambm nU ßboJÀ`m gmWr_wio OmVm Ambo Zmhr. _J Ë`mZo AbmñH$mVrb 18 hOma AmR>
y$Q> C§MrÀ`m {Vgè`m H«$_m§H$mÀ`m g|Q> E{bAmgda àW_ èñdr AmamohU Ho$bo. Ë`mZ§Va AmŠQ>uH$ I§S>mV CÎma
Y«wdmda Jobm. nwT>o A{«$H$m I§S>mVrb édoÝPmoar nd©VloUrVrb {eIam§H$So> _moMm© didbm. 16 hOma gmVeo 63
y$Q> C§MrMo gdm}ƒ {eIa ñQ>°Ýbo-_mK}[aQ>m Am{U BVa AZoH$ {eIam§da Ë`mZo àW_ AmamohU Ho$bo. `m àXoemMo
ZH$merH$aUXoIrb Ho$bo. 1909 gmbr Ë`mZo Ho$ Qy> 21 hOma 800 y$Q>mn`ªV _Ob _mabr. Ë`mZ§Va N>moJmo{bgm
nd©Vmda 24 hOma ghmeo y$Q> C§Mrn`ªV nmohMbm. Ë`mH$mir Vmoda AmamohrV Ho$bobr Vr gdm©{YH$ C§Mr hmoVr.
BVŠ`m C§Mrn`©V OmVm òVo ho Ë`m§À`m _mo{h_m§Zr XmIdyZ {Xbo. S>çyH$ Am°$ A~«wPrÀ`m `m Mm¡o$a H$m_{JarÀ`m
{àË`W© _m±Q> ãbm§H$ nd©VloUrVë`m EH$m {eIambm "bwBJr A_o{S>Amo'*** ho Zmd XoÊ`mV Ambo.
XþgarH$So> S>m°. Q>m°_ bm±JñQ>m$ AZoH$ à`moJ H$aV hmoVo. Vmo Amëßg ì`{V[aº$ `wamon-A{e`m gr_odarb
H$m°Ho$eg Am{U A_o[aH$m-H°$ZS>m gr_odarb am°H$s nd©VmV Jobm. AmpŠQ©>H$bm nmMdoim Va {h_mb`mV gmV

18
doim Ambm. 1907 gmbr Ë`mZo JT>dmb {h_mb`mVrb 23 hOma VrZeo gmR> y$Q> C§MrÀ`m {Ìewi {eIamda
èñdr AmamohU Ho$bo. {Ìewidarb AmamohU ho Ë`m H$mimVrb gdm©{YH$ C§MrdaMo AmamohU hmoVo. bm±JñQ>m$Zo
{h_mb`rZ _mo{h_oÀ`m èmÀ`m lo`mMr {d^mJUr 66 Q>¸o$ JmB©S²g Am{U 33 Q>¸o$ {J`m©amohH$ Aer H$éZ Ë`mZo
JmBS>Mo F$U _mÝ` Ho$bo. nwT>o JmBS>Mr OmJm eonmªZr KoVbr. Ë`mZ§Va Ë`mZo JT>dmb_Yrb Z§XmXodr àXoemMr
AmoiI H$éZ XoÊ`mMo _hÎdmMo H$m_ Ho$bo. 1909 gmbr gmoëQ>moam qIS> Amobm§Sy>Z {g`m{MZ {h_ZXr Ë`mZo
OJmg_moa AmUbr. bm±JñQ>m$Zo {bhbobo '{Yg BO _m` ìhm°òO' Am{U Ë`mÀ`m~amo~aÀ`m AZm}ëS> __ `m§Mo
'$mBìh _§Ïg BZ X {h_mb`m' hr XmoÝhr nwñVH§$ _mJ©Xe©H$ R>abr. bm±JñQ>m$À`m _mo{h_oMo AmUIrZ EH$
d¡{eîQ>ç åhUOo Ë`mZo dmnabobr àmUdm`yMr N>moQ>r H$m{Q©>O.
Ë`mH$mir A{VC§Mmdarb _mo{h_m§_Üò àmUdm`yMm àý àm_w»`mZo ôS>gmdUmam hmoVm. H¥${Ì_ àmUdm`yÀ`m
{Z{_©VrgmR>r {dgmì`m eVH$mÀ`m Ama§^mnmgyZ S>m°. Ho$„mg `m§Zr {g{¸$_ {h_mb`mV, Va qh½ñQ>ZZo nm_ra_Üò
à`moJ Ho$bo. 20 hOma y$Q> C§Mrdarb hdoMm Xm~ H¥${Ì_[aË`m V`ma H$éZ Ë`mMo n[aUm_ Aä`mgbo. _hm`wÕ
g§në`mda 1920 _Üò am°`b {OAmoJ«m$sH$b
gmogm`Q>rZo S>m°. Ho$„mg `m§Zm JT>dmb
{h_mb`mVbr H$m_oQ> nd©Vmda nmR>dbo. B§½b§S>À`m
_o{S>H$b [agM© H$m¡pÝgbH$Sy>Z EH$ CnH$aU
{_idyZ Ë`mda S>m°. Ho$„mg `m§Zr AZoH$ à`moJ
Ho$bo. Ë`mMm Cn`moJ nwT>o Am°pŠgOZ CnH$aU
Cn`wº$ H$aÊ`mV Pmbm. nwT>o 1958-59 _Üò
18 hOma y$Q> C§Mrda àmUdm`yg§~YmVrb
à`moJemim C^méZ à`moJ H$aÊ`mV Ambo.
H¥${Ì_ àmUdm`yMr _XV ¿`mdr H$s
_mZdmÀ`m ema[aH$-_mZ{gH$ _`m©Xm§À`m H$_mb
j_Voda A{VC§Mmdarb {h_{eIa§ AmamohU
H$amdr `mda ~amM dmX hmoV hmoVo. {J`m©amohUmÀ`m
àdmgmV AZoH$ ZdZdrZ gmYZgm_J«r {dH${gV
hmoV Jobr. gwédmVrÀ`m H$mimVrb ~arM
gmYZgm_J«r AmnU Zm¡H$mZ`Z V§ÌmVyZ CMbbr.
amonÀ`m àmW{_H$ Zm°Q²g, amonMo V§Ì ho Ë`mn¡H$sM
EH$.
_{hbm§Mm {J`m©amohUmVrb g_mdoe gwédmVrÀ`m H$mimV Zgbm Var {dgmì`m eVH$mÀ`m gwédmVrbm
_{hbmXoIrb gH«$s` Pmë`m. 1907 bm gdm©V àW_ bo{S>O AënmBZ Šb~Mr ñWmnZm Pmbr.
{J`m©amohUmÀ`m dmQ>MmbrV XmoÝhr _hm`wÕm§Zr _hËdmMr ^y{_H$m ~Omdbr. _hm`wÕmÀ`m H$mimV {J`m©amohUmbm
H$mhr H$mi Wm§~md§ Va bmJb§M, nU _Yë`m H$mimV A{YH$m{YH$ C§Mrda OmÊ`mMr Bfm© dmT>V Jobr. n{hë`m
_hm`wÕmZ§Va {~«Jo{S>à OZab Mmb©g ~«yg Am{U «°$pÝgg `§JhO~§S> `m§À`m hmbMmbr gwé Pmë`m. `§JhO~§S>
`m§Zr hOmamo _¡bmMo gmhgr àdmg Ho$bo hmoVo. "d§S>g© Am°$ {h_mb`' Am{U 'X hmQ>© Am°$ X H$m°pÝQ>Z§Q>' hr
Ë`mZo {bhbobr nwñVH§$ _hËdmMm XñVmdoO R>abr. Ë`mÀ`mM nwT>mH$mamVyZ 1905 _Üò EìhaoñQ>darb _mo{h_m§gmR>r
IQ>nQ> gwé Pmbr. n{hbo _hm`wÕ g§në`mda bJoMM `§J hO~§S>Zo EìhaoñQ> _mo{h_m§Zm hmV KmVbm. 1921 Vo
1938 `m H$mimVrb gmVhr _mo{h_m§da `§JhO~§S>À`m OZH$ËdmMm R>gm Amho.
EìhaoñQ>da EH$àH$mao {~«{Q>em§Mr _ºo$XmarM hmoVr, Ë`m_wio Am°pñQ´>`m, BQ>br, A_o[aH$Z Am{U O_©Z
{J`m©amohH$m§Zr BVa {eIam§H$So> Amnbm _moMm© didbm. 1929 Am{U 1931 H$m§MZOw§Jmda O_©Zm§Zr _mo{h_m
AmIë`m. 1930 À`m pñdg-O_©Z-Am°pñQ´>`Z-{~«{Q>e Aem Am§Vaamï´>r` H$m§MZOw§Jm _mo{h_oMo ZoVm hmXoIrb

19
O_©ZM hmoVm. `m _mo{h_oV H$m§MZOw§Jm n[agamVrb Zonmi-Z¡F$Ë` (23,442 y$Q>) Am{U Om|Jgm|J (24,511)
hr {eIa§ AmamohU H$éZ C§MrMo Zdo {dH«$_ JmR>bo. Ë`mnydu {Ìewi {eIamdarb C§MrMm {dH«$_ Vm{P{H$ñVmZmVrb
nm_ra nd©VloUrVrb Voìhm bo{ZZ ZmdmZo AmoiIbo OmUmè`m 23 hOma 383 y$Q> C§MrÀ`m {eIamdarb 1928
gmbÀ`m AmamohUmZo _moS>Ê`mV Ambm. 1930 À`m H$m§MZOw§Jmdarb Am§Vaamï´>r` _mo{h_oMo ZoV¥Ëd Ho$bo Vo ½`w§Q>a
S>çwaoZw$W©/S>m`èhoZw$W© `mZo. Ë`m§Zr 1934 _Üò H$m§MZOw§Jmda Am§Vaamï´>r` _mo{h_ AmIbr. Ë`m§Zr Ho$ Qy> da
XoIrb _mo{h_ Zobr. nwT>o Ë`m§Mm nwÌ Zm°_©Z S>çwaoZw$W©/S>m`èhoZw$W© `mZo 1960 _Üò 13 _o bm Ydbm{J[a
àW_ èñdr AmamohU Ho$bo.
½`w§Q>a `m§Mr AmUIrZ EH$ _hËdmMr AmoiI åhUOo Ë`m§Zr {bhbobm O_©Z J«§W "Pw_ {ÐÅ>oZ nmob' - Zum
Dritten Pol. `mMo B§J«Or ^mfm§Va Ambo Vo "Qy> X WS©> nmob' `m ZmdmZo. AmR> hOma _rQ>anojm A{YH$ C§MrMr
EHy$U 14 {eIam§darg 1954 n`ªVÀ`m _mo{h_m§Mo dU©Z H$aUmam Vmo AÝ`ZgmYmaU Agm J«§W. ^yd¡km{ZH$ Jw§Q>ça
`m§Zr `m {eIam§Mm ^yd¡km{ZH$ n[aM`XoIrb H$éZ {Xbm. `m gdm}ƒ loUrVrb nd©Vm§Mm {Vgam Y«wd Agm àW_
C„oI 1933 gmbr Hw$P© `m pñdg àXoe g§emoYH$mZo Ho$bm hmoVm, Ë`mbm OJà{Vð>m {_idyZ XoÊ`mMo H$m_ Jw§Q>ça
S>çwaoZw$W©/S>m`èhoZw$W© `m§À`m 1954 À`m J«§WmZo Ho$bo.
1930 n`ªV A±½bmo «|$M {J`m©amohH$m§Mm àñVamamohUmgmR>r H¥${Ì_ gmYZm§Mm dmna H$aÊ`mg {damoY hmoVm.
nwT>o 1930 Z§Va Vmo {damoY _mdibm. {~«{Q>e _mÌ Ë`m§À`m nma§n[aH$ d¥ÎmrZwgma ~amM H$mi Ë`m~m~VrV gmodioM
amhrbo. XþgarH$So> O_©Z {J`m©amohH$ _moR>çm Bf}Zo Amëßg_Yrb Am`JadmÝS> Am{U OJmVrb Zdì`m H«$_m§H$mMo
{eIa Z§Jm nd©V MT>Ê`mg g‚m Pmbo. XmoZ _hm`wÕm§À`m Xaå`mZ O_©Zm§Zr Z§Jm nd©V Am{U H$m§MZOw§Jm `m
nd©Vm§da YS>H$m _maë`m. O_©Z Am{U Am°pñQ´>`mÀ`m 1932,34,37, 38, 39 Aem nmM _mo{h_m Z§Jm nd©Vmda
Joë`m hmoË`m.
1934 _Üò Ë`mZo Am`JadmÝS> CÎmaH$S>m àW_ MT>Umè`m ImZXmZr Am`©Zd§er` O_©Zmbm Am°qb{nH$Mo
gwd©UnXH$ {_iob Ago {hQ>baZo Omhra Ho$bo. Ë`mVyZ {Z_m©U Pmboë`m ñnY}_wio AZoH$OU OI_r Pmbo,
_¥Ë`w_wIr nS>bo. 1935 gmbr Am`Jad±S>da PoëS>_mà Am{U _oh² [a¨Ja ho XmoZ O_©Z {J`m©amoH$ {h_dmXimV
H$m`_Mo JmaR>bo. 24 Owb¡ 1938 bm hoH$_mà, ìhmoJ© ho O_©Z Am{U H$mñnmaoH$, hmaoa ho Am°pñQ´>`Ýg `m§Zr
{OÔrZo Am`Jad±S>Mr n{hbr MT>mB© èñdr Ho$br. hmBZ[aI hmaoaMo "X ìhmBQ> ñnm`S>a' ho nwñVH$ `m MT>mB©Mo
`Wm©W dU©Z H$aVo. nwT>o Vmo nmH$sñVmZmV `wÕH¡$Xr Pmbm AgVmZm Ë`mZo niyZ OmD$Z {V~oQ>_Üò gmV df}
H$mT>br. "goìhZ B`g© BZ {V~oQ>' ho Ë`mMo nwñVH$ à{gÕ Amho.
{h_mb`rZ _mo{h_m§Zm Agm Omoa òV AgVmZm `wamonmV C§M àñVaq^Vrdarb AmamohUm§Zm gwédmV Pmbr hmoVr.
1911 _Üò H«$moPZ X ~«oÝQ>m `m {eIamÀ`m CÎmaH$S>çmda nm°b àm°B©g `mZo AmamohU Ho$bo. h°Ýg Sw>ë$aZo XoIrb
Aer AmamohU Ho$br. nwT>o 30 À`m XeH$mV [aH$m°S>mo H°${gZ `mZo J«°ÊS> Omoamgo, {g_m J«°ÊSo> òWrb àñVaq^VtZm
JdgUr KmVbr. `mH$mimV Amëßg_Yrb àñVaq^Vrda AmamohUo gwé Pmbo.
`m H$mimV {h_{eIam§À`m C§Mrnojm doJio H$mhrVar H$é nmhUmè`m§_Üò E[aH$ {eâQ>Z Am{U h°am°ëS> {Q>b_Z
`m§Mm g_mdoe hmoVmo. F$frJ§JoMo `mÌoH$é åhUyZ Ë`m§Mm gmW© C„oI Ho$bm OmVmo. Z§XmXodrMm A§V^m©JmVrb gd}jU
H$R>rU hmoVo. Z§XmXodrÀ`m nm`Ï`mbm nmohMm`Mo AmR> Aèñdr à`ËZ Pmbo hmoVo. VrZ dfm©À`m _ohZVrZ§Va
{eâQ>Z Am{U {Q>b_Z 1934 _Üò Z§XmXodrÀ`m nm`Ï`mbm nmohMbo. nwT>o 1936 _Üò EH$m A_o[aH$Z _mo{h_oÀ`m
_mÜ`_mVyZ {Q>b_Z Am{U ZmoEb AmoSo>b `m§Zr Z§XmXodr {eIamda àW_ èñdr AmamohU Ho$bo. AgoM Xþgao
CXmhaU åhUOo AmR> hOma _rQ>anojm A{YH$ C§MrMo AÞnyUm© {eIamdarb èñdr AmamohU. AmR> hOma 68
_rQ>a C§MrÀ`m `m {eIamda «|$M _mo{h_oMm ZoVm _m°[ag hoaPm°J Am{U bwBg b°MZob ho XmoKo 1950 gmbr
_mÏ`mda nmohMbo.
XmoZ _hm`wÕm§À`m _Yë`m H$mimV EìhaoñQ>da {~«{Q>em§Zr _mo{h_m§Mm YS>mH$mM bmdbm hmoVm. 1922 Mr Xþgar
_mo{h_ Mmb©g ~«yg `m§À`m ZoV¥ËdmImbr ZoÊ`mV Ambr. `m _mo{h_oV agm`Zemók S>m°. Om°O© q$M `mZo H¥${Ì_
àmUdm`yÀ`m AdOS> CnH$aUmgh 27 hOma VrZeo y$Q> C§Mrn`ªV AmamohU Ho$bo. Am{U H¥${Ì_ àmUdm`yMm dmna

20
Z H$aUmè`m Om°O© _°bar d BVa XmoKm§Zr 26 hOma 985 y$Q> C§Mrn`ªV _Ob JmR>br. nwT>o 1924 gmbr
Joboë`m {Vgè`m _mo{h_oMm ZoVm boâQ>Z§Q> H$Z©b ES>dS©> Zm°Q>©Z `mZo H¥${Ì_ àmUdm`y{edm` 28 hOma 124
y$Q>mn`ªV AmamohU Ho$bo. H¥${Ì_ àmUdm`y{edm` AmamohrV Ho$bobr Vr Ë`m H$mimVrb gdm}ƒ C§Mr hmoVr. Ë`mZ§Va
hm {dH«$_ 1933 À`m _mo{h_oV hm[a©g, dmJoa Am{U pñ_W `m§Zr Ho$bm. 1952 À`m EìhaoñQ> _mo{h_oV ñdrg
_mo{h_oV b±~Q>© Am{U eonm© VoZqPJ ZmoJ} `m§Zr 28 hOma 215 y$Q> C§Mrda AmamohU H$éZ Vmo _moS>bm.
n{hë`m VrZhr EìhaoñQ> _mo{h_m§da Om°O© _°barMm à^md hmoVm. 1921 À`m _mo{h_oV Om°O© _°bar Am{U
~wbmoH$ `m§Zr Zm°W© H$mobn`ªV Om`Mm _mJ© {Z{üV Ho$bm. _mÌ 1924 À`m _mo{h_oV H°$ån ghmÀ`m 26 hOma
715 y$Q> C§MrdéZ {eIa AmamohUmbm {ZKmbobo Om°O© _°bar Am{U AÊS´>`y Am`{d©Z `m§Mm AnKmVr _¥Ë`w
Pmbm. E[aH$ {eâQ>ZÀ`m ZoV¥ËdmImbr 1935 À`m _mo{h_oV EìhaoñQ>~amo~aM AZoH$ BVa CÔrï>XoIrb hmoVr. nU
gdm}ƒ {eIamMo AmìhmZ H$m`_ amhrbo.
_hm`wÕmXaå`mZ EìhaoñQ> _mo{h_m W§S>mdë`m. `wÕmZ§Va EìhaoñQ>darb {~«{Q>em§Mr _ºo$Xmar g§nbr, ZonmiMm
_mJ©XoIrb Iwbm Pmbm. 1951 gmbr E[aH$ {eâQ>ZÀ`m ZoV¥ËdmImbr _mo{h_ AmIÊ`mV Ambr. `m _mo{h_oV
ZonmiÀ`m _mJm©Mo {dñV¥V gd}jUXoIrb Pmbo. Ë`mZ§VaÀ`m 1952 À`m ñdrg _mo{h_oV VoZqPJZo, b±~Q>©
`mÀ`mgmo~V Ë`mZo H¥${Ì_ àmUdm`y{edm` gdm©{YH$ C§Mr JmR>Ê`mMm {dH«$_XoIrb Ho$bm. AIoarg 1953 _Üò
H$Z©b Om°Z h§Q>À`m ZoV¥ËdmImbr ES>_§S> {hbar Am{U VoZqPJ EìhaoñQ>da n{hbr _mZdr nmdb§ C_Q>dbr.
{Vgè`m Y«wdmÀ`m gdm}ƒ {R>H$mUr nmohMm`Mo _mZdmMo ñdßZ gmH$ma Pmbo.
gdm}ƒ {eIamda AmamohU Pmbo Agbo Var Zdì`m H«$_m§H$mMo Z§Jm nd©V Am{U Xþgè`m H«$_m§H$mMo Ho$ Qy>
hr {eIa§ _mÌ èmbm H$m`_M hþbH$mdUr XoV hmoVr. Z§Jm nd©VmZo 1895 nmgyZÀ`m AmR> _mo{h_m§_Üò 37
~ir KoVbo hmoVo. `mVrb ~hþVm§e _mo{h_m `m àm_w»`mZo O_©Zm§À`m hmoË`m. h_©Z ~wb `m AmamohH$m§Zo _mÌ
à`ËZm§Mr namH$mð>m Ho$br. Z§Jm nd©Vmdarb ~wbMr MT>mB© åhUOo Agm_mÝ` Y¡`©, An[a{_V ghZerbVm Am{U
Abm¡{H$H$ BÀN>meº$sMm gmjmV àË`` hmoVm. Vã~b Mmirg Vmgm§Mr EH$mH$s Pw§O Ë`mZo {Xbr. EìhaoñQ>darb
AmamohUmZ§Va Ho$di 36 {Xdgm§Zr 3 Owb¡ 1953 _Üò Z§Jm nd©Vmda _mZdr nmdb§ C_Q>br.
C§Mr_Üò ÛrVr` H«$_m§H$mMo Agbo Var Ho$ Qy> ho {eIa EìhaoñQ>nojm AmìhmZmË_H$ Amho. `m {eIamda 1909

21
nmgyZM AmamohUmMo à`ËZ gwé hmoVo. VrZ BQ>m{b`Z, VrZ A_o[aH$Z Am{U BVa VrZ _mo{h_m Ho$Qy>da Pmë`m
hmoË`m. AIoarg 1954 gmbr Am{X©Vmo Xo{gAmo `m BQ>m{b`Z àmÜ`mnH$ {J`m©amohH$mÀ`m ZoV¥ËdmImbrb _mo{h_oV
A{N>„mo H$m°ån°¾moZr Am{U {bZmo bmgoXo„r `m§Zr {eIa_mWm JmR>bm.
Z§VaÀ`m H$mimV _mZdmÀ`m emaarH$ Am{U _mZ{gH$ eº$sMm H$g nmhUmam hm {H«$S>m àH$ma {dH${gV hmoV
Jobm. H$mhr {J`m©amohH$m§Zr gmhgmMr n[agr_mXoIrb JmR>br. ema[aH$-_mZ{gH$ eº$sMm g§nyU© H$g bmdVm òD$
eH$Vmo ho amB©ZhmoëS>/aoZhmoëS> _ogZa Am{U nrQ>a hoãba `m XmoKm§Zr 1978 _Üò EìhaoñQ>da H¥${Ì_ àmUdm`y{edm`
AmamohU H$éZ XmIdbo. _ogZa `mZo gd©À`m gd© Aï>hOmar {h_{eIam§da H¥${Ì_ àmUdm`y{edm` EH$Q>çmZo
AmamohU Ho$bo. Va Ë`mbm g_m§VanUo OoPu Hw$Hw$PH$m `mZoXoIrbhmM {dH«$_ Ho$bm. Xaå`mZ nd©VmamohUmV p¼g
~m°qZ½Q>ZZo _moR>çm à_mUmV gm§{KH$ nÕVrZo {h_mb`mVrb AZoH$ H$R>rU _mo{h_m èñdr Ho$ë`m. {h_mb`mVrb
AmamohUmMo Ago à`moJ hmoV AgVmZm gmR>À`m XeH$mV C§MM C§M àñVaq^Vtda AmamohU H$aUmè`m
àñVamamohH$m§Mr _moR>r $ir V`ma Pmbr. J°ñQ>Z [a~w$m, {bAmoZob Q>oao, bwBg b°MZob, Om°Z ñQ´>rQ>br, dm°ëQ>a
~moZmQ>r `m `wamonmVrb àñVamamohH$m§Zr Omoa bmdbm hmoVm. Á`mo ~«mD$Z, Q>moZr _m¡b_ Am{U S>m°Z pìhbÝg `m§Zr
Va H¥${Ì_ gmYZm§Mm dmna Q>miyZ, _wº$ AmamohUmMm nwañH$ma Ho$bm. Va A_o[aHo$V am°`b am°{~Ýg, am°~Q>© n°amJm°Q>,
Om°Z {Jb, dm°aZ hm{Sª>J `m§Zr CÎmw§J àñVaq^VtZr JdgUr KmVbr.
AmR> hOma _rQ>a C§Mrdarb 14 n¡H$s EH$mhr {h_{eIamda ^maVr` {J`m©amohH$mZo AmamohU n{hbo èñdr
AmamohU Ho$bo ZìhVo, nU 1953 À`m EìhaoñQ> _mo{h_oZ§Va ^maVmV {J`m©amohUmMo ~rO éOy bmJbo. 1965 _Üò
^maVr`m§Mr EìhaoñQ> _mo{h_ èñdr Pmbr. _hmamï´>mV gømÐrÀ`m gmo~VrZo {J`m©amohU éOV Jobo. Šbm`§~g©
Šb~, `w{Zìh{g©Q>r hm`H$g© AÊS> _mD$§Q>o{ZA[a¨J Šb~ `m _mÜ`_mVyZ {J`m©amohU dmTy> bmJbo. Joë`m gmR> dfm©V
200 nojm A{YH$ gwiHo$ Am{U 100 nojm A{YH$ {h_{eIam§darb AmamohUmZo {J`m©amohUmMm _hmamï´>mV
{dñVma hmoV Jobm.
1786 gmbr J«°{~«Eb n°H$mS©> Am{U O°Ho$g ~më_mQ> `m§Zr bmdbobo amonQ>o AmO OJâmV AZoH$ _mÜ`_mVyZ
{dñVmabo Amho. AZoH$ {J`m©amohH$m§Zr Ë`mÀ`m nÕVrZo `m joÌmMr nm`mâUr Ho$br. H$mhr H$_rA{YH$ à_mUmV
ÌwQ>r AgVrbhr. nU AkmVmMm doY KoÊ`mMr Am{U AmZ§XmgmR>r S>m|Ja MT>Ê`mMr d¥Îmr AOyZhr VerM Amho.
"S>m|Ja MT>m`Mo, H$maU Vo VoWo AmhoV åhUyZ' Am{U "gmhg Zmhr Va è Zmhr' hr Amnë`m AÜd`yªZr éOdbobr
{d{OJwfr d¥Îmr AmOhr H$m`_ Amho. Ë`m§Mr ñ_¥Vr gÀÀ`m S>m|Ja^Q>Š`m§_Üò Z¸$sM OmJ¥V amhrb.
({Xd§JV {J`m©amohH$ Am{U àmÜ`mnH$ a_oe XogmB© `m§À`m "
{Vgam Y«wd' `m nwñVH$mVrb Zm|Xr Am{U {J`m©amohU Aä`mgH$
e{eH$m§V amZSo> `m§À`mH$Sy>Z {_imboë`m _m{hVrda hm boI AmYmarV Amho.)
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22
JmWm _mC§Q> H$m§MZOw§Jmdarb èñdr MT>mB©Mr!
C_oe {Pano
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H$m§MZOw§Jm BH$mo BŠñnoS>reZ 2019 hr {J[aào_rMr _hËdmH$m§jr _mohr_ hmoVr. 15 _o 2019 À`m nhmQ>o
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{J`m©amohU B{VhmgmMm Zdm AÜ`m` aMbm. IS>Va AmìhmZm§Mm gm_Zm H$aV, gVV ~XbUmè`m hdm_mZmer
Pw§OV {J[aào_rÀ`m {J`m©amohH$m§Zr Ajae… è IoMyZ AmUbo. Am{ef _mZo, énoe ImonSo>, ^yfU hf},
AmZ§X _mir, àgmX Omoer, H¥$îUm T>moH$bo, S>m°. gw{_V _m§Xio, {ddoH$ {edXo, {H$aU gmiñVoH$a Am{U
{OV|Ð Jdmao `m§Zr {eIamda MT>mB© Ho$br. C_oe {Pano `m§À`m ZoV¥ËdmImbr èñdr Pmbobr hr {J[aào_rMr
gmVdr Aï>hOmar _mohr_ Amho. Ago è g§nmXZ H$aUmar {J[aào_r hr EH$_od ZmJar g§ñWm AgyZ C_oe
{Pano ho EH$_od _mohr_ ZoVo R>abo AmhoV. `m _mo{h_oXaå`mZ {Pano `m§Zr {J[aào_rÀ`mM Zìho Va 30
bmoH$m§À`m OmJ{VH$ _mo{h_oMo ZoV¥Ëd Ho$bo.
16 _o 2019 À`m g§Ü`mH$miÀ`m gw_mamg H$m§MZOw§Jm {eIa MT>mB©gmR>r Jobobo {J[aào_rMo gd© {J`m©amohH$
~ogH°ånda gwa{jV naVbo AZ² _mÂ`m S>moù`mV AmZ§Xmly Vaibo. 15 _o À`m nhmQ>o gH$mir ghmÀ`m gw_mamg
{eIa_mÏ`mdê$Z Am{ef _mZoMm $moZ Ambm d {J[aào_rÀ`m gd© {eboXmam§Zr gwa{jVnUo {eIa MT>mB© Ho$br
ho gm§{JVbo, Voìhm _mÂ`m AmZ§Xmbm nmamda Cabm Zmhr. _mÌ, Voìhm _mohr_ g§nbr ZìhVr. OodT>çm gwa{jVnUo
gdmªZr MT>mB© Ho$br VodT>çmM gwa{jVnUo CVamB© XoIrb Amdí`H$ AgVo. {eIa MT>mB© VoìhmM èñdr hmoVo,
Ooìhm {J`m©amohH$ gwIê$nnUo nm`Ï`mbm nmohmoMVmo. åhUyZ Ooìhm {J[aào_rÀ`m gd© {J`m©amohH$m§Zm Ooìhm {eIa
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23
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24
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q q q

25
TEAM GIRISANCHAR
An Outdoor People with Nature & Adventure activities
Shri Prashant Awale
Chairman, Nature & Adventure Circle, BARC Staff Club,
Convener, Girisanchar and
Joint Secretary, Department of Atomic Energy Sports & Cultural council
Maharashtra is blessed with the rugged mountain range of Western Ghats, the mighty
Sahyadri, its towering pinnacles, challenging ridges, deep gorges, the stunning biodiversity and
the rich history of its hill forts has enticed
generations of mountain lovers. The
proximity of Mumbai, the headquarters
of the Department of Atomic Energy, was
the obvious reason for its employees,
particularly the adventure oriented ones,
to be drawn towards the unique sport of
trekking and mountaineering. Weekend
hikes and treks in the surrounding hills
was a regular activity for those from
Mumbai and nearby Departments. The
more enterprising amongst them also ventured into the Himalayas for treks and climbs. The
trekking expeditions organized by the Youth Hostels Association of India (YHAI) were also
patronized by many of these trekkers.
With the objective of bringing together this band of trekking enthusiasts into a common
annual trekking activity, the first expedition, christened “Girisanchar” was launched in January,
1990 with the inaugural expedition in the Bhor – Raireshwar region. The expedition under the
convenership of Dr. Bhalchandra Bhawe met with enormous success and it became a regular
annual feature, largely due to his persistence and never say die attitude. Shri Ravindra Apte,
with his experience in organizing treks and mountaineering expeditions was an able comrade-
in-arms. Dr. Prakash Joshi, with his extensive trekking and travel experience, gave invaluable
information on routes and logistics. Dr. Joshi has trekked the entire coast of Indian Continent
right from Kutch of Gujarat to
Kanyakumari on the west coast and from
Kanyakumari to Sunderbans on the east
cost. He was also a part of Antartica
Expedition from India to set up a
Gangotri Station.
The Team Girisanchar started
functioning under the banner of
Department of Atomic Energy Sports &
Cultural Council.

26
Girisanchar has now completed 30
years of continuous operation, not only in
Maharashtra, but also in other States and
about 6000 employees of the Department
of Atomic Energy and its various Units
have participated over the years and
trekked about 2500 kms distance. It is a
uniqueness of Team Girisanchar that not
a single route has been repeated so far
during the 30 expeditions. These three decades of trekking was covered in the Sahyadri ranges,
Dang Forest of Gujarat, Western Ghats, Kalinadi Basin, Kaiga Yana region, Anshi National Park
& Baba Budangiri – Muthodi forest region in the Karnataka State. The activity was being
sustained purely by teams of dedicated volunteers, temporarily accommodating the event into
their professional and personal commitments. In addition to annual trekking expeditions,
many other activities, such as Nature & Adventure Camps for school children, mountaineering
expeditions, high altitude treks in Himalayas, monsoon, winter & night treks in summer and
even earthquake relief operations in Latur & Bhuj have been carried out by Team Girisanchar.
Of late, under the leadership of Shri Prashant Awale, more activities, such as Walkathon
competitions, Know Your Trees for school children, Cyclothon, long cycling rides, etc have
become a regular feature of the calendar of our activities.
Most of the volunteers of Team Girisanchar, have completed their Basic and Advance
Mountaineering Courses and also scaled several peaks, virgin technical peaks in the Himalayas.
Two of our members, namely Shri Mukesh Maiseri and Shri Abhijeet Burman were also part of
the climbing team in the Mount Everest Expedition 1998 organized by the Akhil Maharashtra
Giryarohan Mahasangh to celebrate the golden jubilee of Indian independence. Some of our
members, under the leadership of Shri Umesh Solapurkar have completed the sea sailing
expedition from Mumbai to Kolkata in a wind yatch.
Over the years, many amongst the first band of leaders have retired, but activity has been
sustained with no difficulty, being replenished by a newer set of equally dedicated trained
volunteers. There are still few members continuing who are associated with Team Girisanchar
right from its foundation. In addition to trekking, our volunteers are also doing public outreach
through spreading the knowledge of science, nature, floara & founa for the school children in
the villages of nearby camps and even for the villagers. It can be mentioned here that among
the various Government Establishments all over India, probably, the Department of Atomic
Energy is the only Department which is promoting the adventure activities through its Sports
& Cultural Council under the wing of Team Girisanchar for the benefit of its employees spread
across the country.
Even as we move on and have completed the 30th year of Girisanchar, we rededicate
ourselves to our motto and mission to inculcate a love for nature, preservation of environment,
a spirit of adventure, team spirit and bonding amongst the participants.
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EAT SMART FOR CLIMBING HEALTHY
Dr. Vidya Kshirsagar
Founder, SAKAS FOODS
Awareness is the first step in healing. When we become more aware of how
powerfully our choices in diet and lifestyle affect us for better and for worse, then
we can make different ones.
- Dean Ornish.
Climbing is relatively tough sport which endorses your strength and stamina. By and large
mountaineering includes different set of activities eg. hiking, skiing etc., On an average total
calories requirement will defer from person to person and may range from 4000-6000 keal
depending upon the toughness of climb. The diet composition should be such that almost 70
calories should be drawn from Carbohydrates, 10% from Proteins & 15 to 20% from Fats.
Climbers should stop focusing on fats & focus on Carbohydrates & protein intake.
Let us elaborate on each major ingredient one by one. It is clear that climbing needs energy
& glucose is the best energy source. Simple glucose consumption like glucose powder shall
increase blood glucose level transiently. Hence if climbing for 2 hrs straight then only go for
energy drink. In general you need a steady flow of glucose to prepare muscle glycogen & to
recharge ADP to ATP. Hence complex carbohydrate intake is preferred in diet which ensures
slow absorption of glucose. By eating high carb diet your muscles better learn to use carbs as
a fuel.
Multigrain flour or whole wheat flour will ensure satiety without bloating in contrast to food
items made up of maida / wheat floor [whole wheat floor is ‘gehu ka aata’ where as wheat
flour is maida).
Majority of snack items shall contain sucrose [white crystal sugar] & it has similar
disadvantage of inability to provide sustain glucose entry in the blood.
Fructose is another form of carbohydrate & if taken simultaneously fructose will be preferred
over glucose by liver to prepare liver glycogen [80 to 100gm]. Many of packaged snacks &
drinks contain fructose syrup & loading up food with fructose hamper the metabolism of
carbohydrates in liver leading to high levels of triglycerides & insulin resistance.
So, while choosing the snacks/bakery items one need to scrutinize whether it contains
whole grains [and not maida] and healthy sweeteners like jiggery (and not sucrose/fructose
syrups).
Let us consider proteins now. Since climbing requires usage of muscles across the body,
protein requirement is as high as an athlet. Proteins are not stored in body. They are basically

28
required for muscle adaptation i.e. to increase size of muscles, to increase tensile strength, all
that is required for climbing. So do not restrict intake of protein out of fear of getting bulky.
For a climber approximately total 100-120 gm of protein is needed spread across every 3 hrs.
i.e. 20 gms proteins 6 times a day [eg. 7am, 10am, 1pm, 4pm, 7pm & 10 pm). Proteins are
digested into amino acids. Some of Amino acids synthesise creatine. Creatine is required for
synthesis of creatine phosphate which is major source of energy supply while climbing.
Proteins are also imp. for immunity.
Depending upon protein digestibility, biological value, leuctine content. and calories
contribution, the proteins are classified into high, medium & low quality protein sources. High
quality protein sources are meat, seafood, eggs, dairy products, legumes, lentils, soybeans,
beans, chickpeas, protein powder like whey caseins, soy etc.. Medium quality proteins are
grains, nuts & seeds. Low quality proteins are Quinoa, almonds, mushrooms most vegetables.
Whey protein is fastest in terms of utilization of body for adequate muscle synthesis. Creatine
supplement if taken are should ensure at least 4 Ltrs. of water intake in a day.
While choosing packaged proteins snack one needs to keep watch on protein content (20
gm per Snack) & quality of proteins (at least one snack with high quality protein.
Let us consider fats now. There is nothening like good fat or bad fat. Saturated fats,
monounsaturated fats [MUFA] like omega 3 & omega 6 are equally important for cell wall
synthesis. Polyunsaturated fats [PUFA] are nowadays blamed for its instability giving rise to free
radicals which can damage pancreas, skin, thyroid, immune system & liver. PUFAS are present
in liquid cooking oils, nuts & seeds. Only coconut oil, butter, ghee, olive oil are heat stable fats,
hence safe to consume. Majority of packaged food contains palmitic acid / linoaleic acid/
partially hydrogerated oil [vanaspati] which promote cardiovascular disease. Majority of granola
or energy bars use vegetable oils nuts & seeds which can expose us to PUFA. Unprocessed oil
seeds in shall preparation is not much harm.
So while choosing granola/energy bar one needs to check whether it contains healthy fats
(ghee/butter/coconut oil/Olive Oil) in less than 20% proportions & is not loaded with PUFA.
Since you are a climber adequate hydration and adequate salt intake goes without say.
Since you pursue healthy lifestyle what matters most is to give good quality of fuel to your body
to get adequate strength and stamina for pursuing your dream to conquer the mountain. You
cannot fly aeroplane with 4 wheeler engine.
So be smart while choosing the food, let not food fool you.
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18do {J[a{_Ì g§_ocZ … {J[a{_Ì gÝ_mZ
{J[a{_Ì OrdZJm¡ad gÝ_mZ : «±$H$mo {bÝhmaog
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J¥{hVH$ ImoQ>o R>aVo. Ë`m_wioM 1981 nmgyZ gwé Pmbobm Ë`mMm S>m|JamVbm àdmg AmOhr gwéM Amho.
«±$H$moMr S>m|Ja^Q>H§$Vr gwé Pmë`mZ§Va {J[a{dhma g§ñWoV Amë`mda Ë`mÀ`m {Zìdi ^Q>H§$Vrbm àñVamamohUmMr
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bmJbm. nwT>rV 10 EH$ dfm©V Ë`mZo ~mU, A{¾~mU, dmZaqbJr, _m§Jr, Vw§Jr, Amdù`mMr qbJr, hS>~rMr
e|S>r Ago AZoH$ gwiŠ`m§da AmamohU Ho$bo.
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AmamohH$. H$m§MZOw§Jmdarb n{hë`m ^maVr` ZmJar _mo{h_oVXoIrb Ë`mMm gh^mJ _hËdmMm Amho. `m _mo{h_oV
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dmQ>m CMbbm Amho. {J[a{dhmaÀ`m àñVamamohU {e{~amV Ë`mMm gh^mJ {VVH$mMm _hËdmMm amhrbm Amho.
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bmoH${à` Zgbobm {~J dm°b ŠbmBªq~JÀ`m _mo{h_oV XoIrb Vmo gm_rb Pmbm. {_`ma ìh°br_Yrb `m _mo{h_oMm
Vmo CnZoVm hmoVm.
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ñdoÀN>m {Zd¥Îmr KoVë`mZ§VaXoIrb «±$H$moMo Ago AZoH$ CnH«$_ {h[a[aZo gwé hmoVo. Ë`m_wioM Vmo H$mhr AmR>dSo>
A_o[aHo$V AgVmZmXoIrb Ë`mZo VoWrb àñVagwiHo$ Am{U S>m|Jam§da MT>mB© Ho$br.
AmOhr d`mÀ`m gÎmarV Agbobm «±$H$mo EImÚm VéUmà_mUo gVV CËw$bnUo S>m|JamV dmdaV AgVmo. Ë`mMm
dmda VéUm§Zm AmUIrZM àoaUm XoUmam R>aVmo.
"«±$H$mo {bÝhmaog' `m§À`m {J`m©amohU joÌmÀ`m gdmªJrU àJVr d àgmamH$[aVm {Xboë`m `m C„oI{Z`
`moJXmZm~Ôb Ë`m§Zm "{J[a{_Ì OrdZJm¡ad gÝ_mZ' XoD$Z F$U{ZX}e H$aÊ`mV òV Amho.
{J[a{_Ì {J`m©amohH$ gÝ_mZ … {dZ` hoJSo>
ZdZdrZ AmìhmZo ñdrH$méZ, Ë`mVrb YmoHo$ nËH$éZ AmamohU§ H$aUo ho {dZ` hoJSo>Mo d¡{eï²>` åhUmdo bmJob.
{dZ`Mr S>m|Jamer AmoiI Pmbr Vr hm°{bSo> hm`H$g©À`m _mÜ`_mVyZ. Z§Va H$mhr df} Vmo `wW hmoñQ>ober
OmoS>bm Jobm. Va AZoH$ _mo{h_m Ë`mZo N>moQ>çm M_ygh ñdV§ÌnUo AmamohU Ho$bo. 1985 _Üò Ë`mZo {J`m©amohUmMo
àmW{_H$ à{ejU nyU© Ho$bo. Z§Va 1986 _Üò àJV à{ejU KoVbo. gømÐrVrb {dZ`Mr ^Q>H§$Vr Am{U
àñVamamohU gwéM hmoVo. S>çyŠO ZmoO, ~mU, Zdam, H$adbr, Vob~¡bm, JUoe Aem H$R>rU gwiŠ`m§gh Ë`mZo
25 EH$ gwiŠ`m§da èñdr AmamohU Ho$bo.
{dZ`Mr Iar H$maH$sX© ~habr Vr _mÌ {h_mb`mV. 1987 nmgyZ Ë`mZo Joë`m Vrg dfm©V 33 {h_mb`rZ
_mo{h_m Ho$ë`m. Ë`mn¡H$s 14 {h_{eIam§da Ë`mZo èñdr AmamohU Ho$bo. 1995 gmbr _mZm nd©V 2 `m

30
Añn{e©V {eIamdarb n{hbo AmamohU Ë`mZo èñdr Ho$bo. Va 2017 _Yrb ñnrVr _Yrb EH$m AZm_
Añn{e©V {eIamdarb AmamohU XoIrb Ë`mZo èñdr Ho$bo.
"{dZ` hoJSo>' `m§Zr _hmamï´>mVrb {J`m©amohU joÌmÀ`m àJVr d àgmamH$[aVm {Xboë`m `m `moJXmZm~Ôb Ë`m§Mm
"{J[a{_Ì {J`m©amohH$ gÝ_mZ' XoD$Z Jm¡ad H$aÊ`mV òV Amho.
{J[a{_Ì {J`m©amohH$ gÝ_mZ … H¥$îUm T>moH$io
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dibm Agbm Var Ë`mZo {J`m©amohUmV ñdV:Mr AmoiI {Z_m©U Ho$br
qnnarVë`m g_{dMmar {_Ìm§À`m OmoS>rZo Ë`mMr S>m|Ja ^Q>H§$Vr gwé Pmbr. nwT>o 2004 _Üò Ë`mZo {J`m©amohUmMo
àmW{_H$ {ejUXoIrb KoVbo. nU {h_mb`rZ _mo{h_m§Zm VodT>m doJ Ambm ZìhVm. 2007 _Üò Vmo {J[aào_r
g§ñWoV Ambm Am{U Ë`mÀ`m àñVamamohU Am{U nd©VmamohUmbm gwédmV Pmbr. H$moH$UH$S>m, ~m~y H$S>m, ^¡adJS>,
H$mViYma, dOra, ZmJ$Ur Aem EH$mnojm EH$ H$S>çm gwiŠ`m§da Ë`mZo AmamohUmMm YS>mH$mM bmdbm.
Vob~¡bmda EH$Q>çmZo H$moUË`mhr gmYZgm_J«r{edm` AmamohU Ho$bo. Va ZmJ$UrÀ`m gwiŠ`mda amÌrÀ`mdoir
AmamohU Ho$bo. AmOda Ë`mZo gømÐrVrb 60 hÿZ A{YH$ gwiHo$ Am{U H$S>çm§da AmamohU Ho$bo Amho.
AWm©VM {h_mb`mV `mMo à{Vq~~ C_Q>bo ZgVo VaM Zdb. lrH§$R>, B`bªS> Aem N>moQ>çm _moR>çm _mo{h_m
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_moR>r _mo{h_ Pmbr Zmhr. Ë`mVM dmT>Vo d` Am{U ZmoH$arVë`m H$m_mMm VmU `mZo Ë`mbm öX`{dH$mambm gm_moao
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{h_mb`mV Om`Mo hmoVoM. Ë`m_wio gamdmgmR>r ghm hOma _rQ>adarb H°WSó>b Am{U _mD$§Q> _oam `m {eIam§da
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JmR>bm.
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Vob~¡bm AmamohU Ho$bo. $º$ _wbtMr Aer hr _mo{h_ hmoVr.
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"{J[a{_Ì {J`m©amohH$ gÝ_mZ' XoD$Z Jm¡a{dÊ`mV òV Amho.
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Am`wî`mVrb H$m¡eë`mMm dmna {J`m©amohUm_Üò H$aÊ`mMo CXmhaU§ _`m©XrVM AmhoV. Aem§n¡H$s EH$ {J`m©amohH$
åhUOo S>m°. aKwZmW JmoS>~mobo.
S>m°ŠQ>am§Mr gømÐrVrb ^Q>H§$Vr 1970 nmgyZM gwé Pmbr. dS>rb {dœZmW JmoS>~mobo Am{U ~mnyH$mH$m
nQ>dY©Z `m§À`m _mJ©Xe©ZmImbr Vo S>m|JamV ^Q>Hy$ bmJbo. d¡ÚH$s` {ejU KoV AgVmZmM Ë`m§Zr nwÊ`mÀ`m ~r.
Oo. _o{S>H$b _hm{dÚmb`mV 1976 gmbr _mD$Q>o{ZAatJ Šb~Mr ñWmnZm Ho$br. _hm{dÚmb`mV AmOhr hm
Šb~ gwé Amho. Ë`mM~amo~a B§{S>`Z _o{S>H$b Agmo{gEeZMm nwÊ`m_Üò Q´>oqH$J Šb~XoIrb gwé Ho$bm.
nwT>o d¡ÚH$s` ì`dgm`mg gwédmV Pmë`mdaXoIrb S>m°ŠQ>am§Mo S>m|JamMo ZmVo Xþamdbo Zmhr. CbQ> Jobr 44 df}
Z MwH$Vm Xadfu Ë`m§Mr {h_mb` dmar hr R>abobr AgVo. AZoH$ nd©Vm§À`m ~og H°ån Am{U A{VC§Mmdarb gw_mao
36 _mo{h_m Am{U gømÐrVrb 360 Q´>oH$ Ë`m§Zr Ho$bo AmhoV.
nU S>m°ŠQ>am§Mo d¡{eï²>` `m AmH$S>çm§_Üò _moOVm òV Zmhr. Ho$di S>m|Ja ^Q>H$m`Mo `mn{bH$So> OmV Ë`m§Zr

31
Amnë`m d¡ÚH$s` H$m¡eë`mMm Cn`moJ {J`m©amohH$m§gmR>r Ho$bm. {h_mb`mVrb AZoH$ _mo{h_m§gmR>r Ë`m§Zr d¡ÚH$s`
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_wHw$Q> Am{U J§JmoÌr 3 `m {eIa _mo{h_m§_Üò Vo S>m°ŠQ>a åhUyZ gh^mJr Pmbo. {J[aào_r g§ñWoÀ`m gmV Aï>hOmar
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_mo{h_m§_Üò ~og H°$ånda S>m°ŠQ>a åhUyZ Ë`m§Zr H$m_ nm{hbo Amho.
2001 _Üò Ë`m§Zr EìhaoñQ>À`m ~og H°ånbm gmD$W H$bH$Îmm _mD$§Q>oZ bìhg© Agmo{gEeZÀ`m H$mhr
g^mgXm§À`m ApëQ>Q>çyS> {gH$Zogda CnMma Ho$bo. `mM g§ñWoÀ`m EH$m gXñ`mbm 2012 _Üò Zm_Mo ~Pma òWo
J§^ra AmOmambm gm_moao Omdo bmJbo Voìhm S>m°ŠQ>am§ZrM CnMma H$éZ Ë`m {J`m©amohH$mMo àmU dmMdbo.
S>m°ŠQ>a Ho$di EH$mM g§ñWonwaVo H$YrM _`m©{XV amhbo ZmhrV. {h_mb`Z Šb~À`m nwUo òWrb dmQ>MmbrV
Ë`m§Zr _mobmMo `moJXmZ {Xbo. VgoM {h_mb`Z Šb~À`m H$m`©H$maUrMmXoIrb Vo ^mJ hmoVo.
{deof åhUOo Ë`m§Zr Ë`mÀ`m d¡ÚH$s` kmZmMm Cn`moJ H$éZ {J`m©amohH$m§gmR>r EH$ grS>r ~wH$ V`ma Ho$bo.
{h_mb`Z Šb~À`m _mÜ`_mVyZ Ho$boë`m grS>r ~wH$_Üò, _mo{h_oV S>m°ŠQ>a CnbãY Zgob VarXoIrb H$m` CnMma
H$amdo `mMr gmoß`m ^mfoV _m§S>Ur Ho$br Amho. VgoM S>m|JamV KoD$Z OmUo gmono hmoB©b Ago N>moQ>çm AmH$mamMo
Am{U KS>rMo ñQ´>oMa XoIrb Ë`m§Zr {S>PmBZ H$éZ V`ma Ho$bo.
AZoH$ g§ñWm§Zm, ì`º$s¨Zm _mJ©Xe©Z, ñbmBS>emoO, ì`m»`mZo Aem _mÜ`_mVyZ Vo H$m`_M {J`m©amohU
joÌmgmR>r ghm`H$mar R>abo AmhoV. H¡$bmg nd©V d _mZgamoda Am{U EìhaoñQ>Mm B{Vhmg Am{U ^wJmob _m§S>Umar
grS>r ~wH$XoIrb Ë`m§Zr {bhbr AmhoV.
S>m°. aKwZmW JmoS>~mobo `m§Zr _hmamï´>mVrb {J`m©amohU joÌmÀ`m àJVr d àgmamH$[aVm, {J`m©amohU d g§ñWmË_H$
H$m_mÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ {Xboë`m `moJXmZm~Ôb Ë`m§Mm "{J[a{_Ì {J`m©amohH$ g§ñWmË_H$ H$m`©' gÝ_mZ XoD$Z
Jm¡a{dÊ`mV òV Amho.
{J[a{_Ì g§ñWmË_H$ H$m`© gÝ_mZ … g§Vmof {ZJSo>
{J`m©amohUmÀ`m `m gmhgr IoimV YmoH$m hm AgVmoM, nU AnKmVmZo IMyZ Z OmVm nwT>o OmÊ`mMr d¥Îmr
_hËdmMr AgVo. g§Vmof {ZJSo>Mr {J`m©amohUmVrb dmQ>Mmb `mM _mJm©déZ OmUmar Amho.
g§VmofÀ`m S>m|Ja ^Q>H§$VrMr gwédmV Pmbr Vr 1993 gmbr e¡b^«_a g§ñWoÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ. gwédmVrÀ`m
H$mimV Ë`mZo AZoH$ gwiŠ`m§da AmamohU Ho$bo. 1996bm byP ~moëS>darb AmamohUmXaå`mZ Ë`mbm AnKmVmbm
gm_moao Omdo bmJbo. nU Ë`m_wio Ë`mÀ`m àñVamamohUmV I§S> nS>bm Zmhr.
2000 _Üò gømÐr AS>ìh|Ma Šb~ - g°H$ `m g§ñWoMr ñWmnZm Ho$br VrM _yir ^dmZr H$S>çmda
AmamohUmZo. nwT>o 2005 n`ªV Ë`mZo AZoH$ _mo{h_m§_Üò {bS> ŠbmB§q~J Ho$bo. 2003 _Üò ~mU gwiŠ`mda Ë`mZo
AmamohU Ho$bo. AmOda Ë`mZo gømÐrVrb 29 AqOŠ` gwiHo$, H$So> Am{U H$mViôJm§da èñdr AmamohU Ho$bo
Amho. Va EHy$U 100 hÿZ A{YH$ àñVamamohUmÀ`m _mo{h_m§_Üò èñdr gh^mJ KoVbm. _mhþbr {H$ëë`mÀ`m
S>m|JamVrb gd© gwiHo$, H$moH$UH$S>m _Ü` éQ>, ~mU, R>mogoKa Y~Y~m, g§So> dZMr g_moaMr ~mOy Aem _mo{h_m
Ë`mÀ`m ImË`mV AmhoV. Ë`mM~amoa {h_mb`rVb Xhm _mo{h_mXoIrb Ho$ë`m.
nU Ho$di ñdV:À`m ImË`mVrb _mo{h_m§Mr g§»`m dmT>dÊ`mnojm Ë`mZo g°H$ `m g§ñWoMr nm`mâUr Ho$br.
àñVamamohUmMm gVV gamd, à{ejU {e{~ao `m_Üò Vmo gH«$s` amhrbm. e[aamZo gmW {Xbr Zgbr Var àËòH$
àñVamamohU _mo{h_oV Ë`mMm gh^mJ AmOhr AgVmo Vmo g§ñWoÀ`m dmQ>MmbrgmR>r _hËdmMm R>aVmo. g§ñWoZo AmOda
140 hÿZ A{YH$ gwiHo$-H$S>çm§da AmamohU Ho$bo Amho. Ë`mM~amo~a nmMhÿZ A{YH$ _mo{h_m§Mo {M{ÌH$aU H$éZ
Ë`mMo CÎm_ gmXarH$aUXoIrb Ho$bo Amho. `wdm {J`m©amohU H$m`©H«$_m§VJ©V VéUm§Zm àmoËgmhZ {Xbo Amho. BVHo$M
Zmhr Va nmM _{hbm àñVamamohH$m§Mr {Q>_ V`ma Ho$br. `mM {Q>_Zo Zdam, g§So> dZ, Vob~¡bmÀ`m XmoÝhr ~mOy§da
èñdr àñVamamohU Ho$bo Amho.

32
g§Vmof {ZJSo> `m§Zr _hmamï´>mVrb {J`m©amohU joÌmÀ`m àJVr d àgmamH$[aVm, àñVamamohU _mo{h_m d g§ñWmË_H$
H$m`m©À`m _mÜ`_mVyZ {Xboë`m `moJXmZm~Ôb Ë`m§Mm "{J[a{_Ì {J`m©amohH$ gÝ_mZ' XoD$Z Jm¡ad H$aÊ`mV òV Amho.
{J[a{_Ì g§ñWmË_H$ H$m`© gÝ_mZ … g{MZ H$moëhmaH$a
{J[a{_Ì g§ñWm gÝ_mZ … {J[aào_r, nwUo
1980 Z§VaÀ`m H$mimV _hmamï´>mV {J`m©amohU ì`mnH$ à_mUmV g§ñWmË_H$ _mÜ`_mVyZ dmTy> bmJbo hmoVo.
`mMdoir nwÊ`mV ñWmnZ Pmboë`m {J[aào_r `m g§ñWoZo Joë`m 36 dfm©V {J`m©amohUm_Üò Mm¡o$a H$m_{Jar
~Omdbr Amho.
1982 gmbr nwÊ`mV AmZ§X nmi§Xo, Cf:à^m nmJo, O`§V Vwinwio Am{U BVa {J`m©amohH$ `m§Zr EH$Ì òD$Z
{J[aào_r `m g§ñWoMr ñWmnZm Ho$br. AmZ§XmgmR>r {J`m©amohU ho ~«rX H$m`_ R>oD$Z gwé Pmbobr hr g§ñWm doJù`m
dmQ>odaÀ`m {h_{eIam§Zm JdgUr Kmby bmJbr. {bAmonm{J©`mb, _mZm nd©V, {~YmZ, lrH¡$bmg Aem {eIam§da
N>moQ>çm M_yZo AmamohUo gwé Pmbr. 1985 gmbr g§ñWoÀ`m gVmon§W _mo{h_oV VrZ gXñ`m§Mm AnKmVr _¥`y Pmbm.
nU nwÝhm {OÔrZo 1992 _Üò gVmon§Wda èñdr AmamohU H$aÊ`mV Ambo. H$R>rU {h_{eIam§darb _mo{h_m
H$aÊ`mMr na§nam gwXe©Z, {edqbJ `m {eIam§darb AmamohUmZo H$m`_ amIbr.
EH$sH$So> nd©VmamohU gwé AgVmZmM àñVamamohUmZoXoIrb doJ nH$S>bm hmoVm. N>moQ>o_moR>çm gwiŠ`m§da AmamohU
hmoV hmoVoM, nU Ë`mMdoir C§MÀ`m C§M àñVaq^VrMo AmìhmZ `mM g§ñWoMo YmH$Q>o ^md§S> "AmamohH$' `m g§ñWoZo
KoVbo. Am°W©a grQ>, H$mÌmH$S>m, T>mH$mo~mMr dm°b, {dgmnyaMr dm°b, A§Yma~Z q^V, {dgmnyaMr q^V, nXa
{H$„²`mMr dm°b Aem àñVaq^Vrdarb AmamohU§ `m g§ñWoZo Ho$br. AmOda 150 hÿZ A{YH$ gwiHo$ Am{U
àñVaq^Vrda AmamohU Ho$bo Amho.
Va Joë`m Xhm dfm©V {J[aào_rZo Aï>hOmar {h_{eIam§Mm doY ¿`m`bm gwédmV Ho$br Amho. EìhaoñQ>gh,
ëhmoËg, _H$mbw, Ydbm{Jar, _Ýgmby Am{U H$m§MZOw§Jm Aem ghm Aï>hOmar {eIam§da èñdr AmamohU Ho$bo
Amho. AmR> hOma _rQ>a C§MrÀ`mdarb {eIam§da AmamohU H$aUmao AZoH$ {J`m©amohH$ AmO g§ñWo_Üò AmhoV.
Va 40 hÿZ A{YH$ {h_mb`rZ _mo{h_m g§ñWoZo Ho$ë`m AmhoV.
{J`m©amohU Am{U àñVamamohUm~amo~aM g§ñWoZo gm_m{OH$ ~m§{YbH$s OmonmgV 1991 _Üò CÎmaH$mer òWo
Pmbobm ^wH§$n, 2005 òWrb H$moH$UmVrb _hmnya, bS>mI_Yrb T>Jw$Q>r, 2013 Mr CÎmamI§S> òWrb XþK©Q>Zm
Am{U 2015 _Yrb ZonmiMm ^wH§$n `m gd© àg§Jr {J[aào_rMm M_y _XVH$m`m©g YmdyZ Jobm Amho.
Aä`mgy d¥Îmr OmongÊ`mVyZ g§ñWoMr ñdV:Mr Aer {J`m©amohU {df`H$ nwñVH$m§Mo ñdV§Ì Ago J«§Wmb` Amho.
g§ñWoMo AZoH$ gXñ`m§Zr {J`m©amohUmdarb nwñVHo$XoIrb {bhbr AmhoV. g§ñWo_m©$V {J`m©amohUmMr à{ejU
g§ñWmXoIrb ñWmnZ H$aÊ`mV Ambr Amho. VgoM S>m|JamVrb AnKmVàg§Jr ~Mmd H$m`m©gmR>r EH$ {deof
CnH«$_XoIrb am~{dbm OmV Amho.
"{J[aào_r' g§ñWoÀ`m {J`m©amohUmVrb Mm¡o$a H$m_{JarÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ _hmamï´>mV {J`m©amohUmÀ`m àJVr d
àgmamH$[aVm {Xboë`m _hËdnyU© `moJXmZm~Ôb g§ñWoMm "{J[a{_Ì g§ñWm gÝ_mZ' XoD$Z Jm¡ad H$aÊ`mV òV Amho.
{J[a{_Ì g§ñWm gÝ_mZ … BH$mo àmo. M§Ðnya
O§Jbm§Mm àXoe åhUyZ AmoiIë`m OmUmè`m {dX^m©V n`m©daUmÀ`m g§ajU-g§dY©ZmV H$m`©aV AgUmè`m§Mr
g§»`m ~arM Amho. _mÌ Ë`mMOmoS>rZo dmagmñWim§er {ZJS>rV H$m_ H$aUmè`m§n¡H$s EH$ Zmd åhUOo "BH$mo àmo'
hr g§ñWm.
BH$mo àmo g§ñWoMr ñWmnZm 2006 gmbr M§ÐnyamV Pmbr. n`m©daU Am{U gm_m{OH$ àý _mJu bmdÊ`mgmR>r
`m g§ñWoZo AZoH$doim Am§XmobZo, AÞË`mJ gË`mJ«h Ho$bm Amho. AXmUr Jmo ~°H$ Am§XmobZ, M§Ðnya ehamVrb

33
dmT>Vo àXÿfUm~Ôb AÞË`mJ, ì`mK« àH$ënmVrb Jmdm§Mo nwZd©gZ, g§H$Q>J«ñV àmÊ`m§Mo aoñŠ`y Am°naoeZ Ago
CnH«$_ g§ñWoZo Ho$bo AmhoV. M§ÐnyamVrb AZoH$ emim§_Üò BH$mo-àmo ñHw$b Šb~ gwé Ho$bo AmhoV.
n`m©daUm~amo~aM g§ñWoZo M§Ðnya ehamVrb naH$moQ>mÀ`m ñdÀN>VogmR>r _moR>r _mo{h_ 2017 nmgyZ gwé Ho$br.
EImÚm I§S>hamà_mUo AdñWm Pmboë`m `m {H$„²`mV 750 {Xdgm§nmgyZ amoO gH$mir H$m_ gwé AgyZ 11
{H$_rMm n[agamMr ñdÀN>Vm Ho$br Amho. Jm¢S>H$m{bZ dmagm Ë`m_wio COoS>mV òV Amho. Ë`m_wio H$mhr dfmªn`ªV
Xþb©{jV Agbobo ho {R>H$mU AmVm n`©Q>ZmÀ`m ZH$memda òD$ bmJbo Amho. òWo ho[aQ>oO dm°H$XoIrb g§ñW_m©$V
KoVbm OmVmo. 2018 _Üò nwamVËd ImË`m~amo~a Pmboë`m H$amamZwgma {OëømVrb 21 dmagm dmñVy§Zm g§ñWo_m©$V
XÎmH$ KoÊ`mV Ambo Amho.
_hmamï´>mVrb XþJ© g§dY©Z joÌmV {Xboë`m `moJXmZm~Ôb "BH$mo àmo, M§Ðnya' `m§Zm "{J[a{_Ì g§ñWm H$m`©
gÝ_mZ' XoD$Z Jm¡a{dÊ`mV òV Amho.
{J[a{_Ì eaX AmodioH$a gÝ_mZ … JS> ^Q>H§$Vr g§dY©Z, dS>Jmd _mdi
_mdimV gømÐrVbo AZoH$ JS>{H$„o dgbobo AmhoV. `m ^mJmVrb B{VhmMo gmjrXma H¡$H$ df} Cno{jVM
amhrbo hmoVo. Ë`mn¡H$sM EH$ åhUOo 00 _mdimVrb {VH$moZm {H$„m. _mÌ JS> ^Q>H§$Vr XþJ©g§dY©Z g§ñWm, dS>Jmd
_mdi `m§À`m à`ËZm§_wio Joë`m H$mhr dfm©V {VH$moZm {H$„²`mMo én ~XbV Amho.
g§ñWoZo J«m_ñW, lr {edXþJ© g§dY©Z g§ñWm nwUo Am{U BVa JS>ào_tÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ Joë`m H$mhr dfm©V
{VH$moÝ`mda AZoH$ CnH«$_ Ho$bo AmhoV. JS>mdarb ñdÀN>Vm hm _wÔm AmhoM, nU EHy$UM VoWo {Z`§ÌU Agmdo
`m Ñï>rZo H$m`_ñdénr XmoZ JS>nmbm§Mr Zo_UyH$ Ho$br Amho. JS>mdarb àËòH$ dmñVyOdi _m{hVr XoUmao $bH$
~gdÊ`mV Ambo AmhoV. Va JS>nm`Ï`mbmXoIrb Agm $bH$ ~gdbm Amho. ~mbo{H$„²`mda OmUmè`m nm`è`m§Mr
ZmgYyg Pmbr hmoVr. nwamVËd ImË`mH$Sy>Z H$m`Xoera nadmZJr KoD$Z Ë`m dmQ>oMr XþéñVr H$aÊ`mV Ambr Amho.
~m§YH$m_mgmR>r bmJUmam MwÝ`mMm KmUm V`ma H$éZ Ë`mMm dmna H$aÊ`mV Ambm. JS>_mÏ`mdarb {dV§So>œamMo
_§{XamMr XþamdñWm hmoVr. Ë`mda H$m`_ñdénr {Q>H$Umao nÌo Am{U AmVrb $aerMo H$m_ H$aÊ`mV Ambo. Ho$di
JS>mdaM Zmhr Va nm`Ï`mÀ`m JmdmVrb emioV embo` gm{hË` VgoM XmoZ g§JUH$ g§ñWo_m©$V XoÊ`mV Ambo
AmhoV. Ë`mM~amo~arZo {edH$mbrZ eó H$bm, Q´>oqH$J ñnYm© Ago CnH«$_ g§ñWo_m©$V {Z`{_VnUo KoVbo OmVmV.
{J`m©amohUmÀ`m AZwf§{JH$ Aem XþJ©g§dY©Z joÌmV "JS>^Q>H§$Vr, XþJ©g§dY©Z g§ñWm, dS>Jmd _mdi' `m§Zm
"{J[a{_Ì eaX AmodioH$a {deof gÝ_mZ' XoD$Z Jm¡a{dÊ`mV òV Amho.
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