1) The document describes numerical modeling of the static and seismic behavior of the Church of San Francesco in Lucca using the NOSA-ITACA finite element code.
2) Reinforcement operations including steel bars were performed on the masonry and roof of the church.
3) Numerical models of the existing and reinforced church were created to evaluate the effectiveness of the reinforcement by comparing modal analyses, stress fields, and collapse loads between the two models.
Dr. Arangio of Stronger s.r.l. attended the Third International Conference on Soft Computing Technology in Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering & The Fourteenth International Conference on Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering Computing held in Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy (3-6 September 2013), http://www.civil-comp.com/conf/csc13.htm
Marco Pittaluga, FOSTEr in MED Financial Manager (DICAAR - Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture - University of Cagliari), presents the strategic project on solar technology financed under the ENPI CBC MED.
###
FOSTEr in MED project kick-off meeting was held in Cagliari, on February 26th 2013.
The total budget of FOSTEr in MED project is 4,5 million Euro and it is financed for an amount of 4,05 milion Euro by European union through the ENPI CBC Mediterranean Sea Basin Programme (www.enpicbcmed.eu).
For more information, please contact: Project Management Office DICAAR Via Marengo 2 – 09123 Cagliari (Italy) Ph. +39 070 6755811 email management@fosterinmed.eu | visibility@fosterinmed.eu
Energy Harvesting IN VENTO 2014 - Petrini StroNGER.comStroNGER2012
Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting under Air Flow Excitation
by
Francesco Petrini, Konstantinos Gkoumas and Franco Bontempi.
This study focuses on the numerical analysis of a high efficiency Energy Harvesting device, based on
piezoelectric materials, for the sustainability of smart buildings, structures and infrastructures. Before that, a
comprehensive literature review on the topic takes place. The device consists in an aerodynamic fin attached to a
piezoelectric element that makes use of the air flow to harvest energy. The principal utilization of this device is
for energy autonomous sensors, with applications inbridges, transportation networks and smart buildings. The results are corroborated by advanced analytical and numerical analyses (in ANSYS®) that demonstrate the energy harvesting capacity.
PhD Defence Santonocito - Energy Methods for Fracture and Fatigue assessmentDario Santonocito
In this presentation are reported three years of intence research activity on Energy Methods performed during the PhD student period by Dario Santonocito. Thermographic Method (TM) and Static Thermographic Method (STM) were applied to retrieve in a very short amount of time the fatigue properties of the material, while the Strain Energy Density approach was applied to welded structures to assess their fatigue life
Advances in fatigue and fracture mechanics by grzegorz (greg) glinkaJulio Banks
Professor Grzegorz (Greg) Glinka has made substantial contributions to the field of stress concentration evaluation using linear FEA results using the ESED (Equivalent Striain Energy Density). ESED aka Glinka methods allows the determination of strain-stress state at a point of local concentration by equating the strain energy from the linear FEA area in the material strain-stress curve to that of the actual strain-stress of the material using a models such as Ramberg-Osgood. The ESED method is more accurate than the Neuber requiring the equating of SED (Strain Energy Densities) of linear FEA results that Stress is proportional to strain even when the FEA predicts a stress greater than the ultimate strength of the material. One easy method of remember when to use ESED versus Neuber is that ESED, more accurate, should be use on the stress analysis of rocket structures and Neuber delegated to aerospace engines and components.
Dr. Arangio of Stronger s.r.l. attended the Third International Conference on Soft Computing Technology in Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering & The Fourteenth International Conference on Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering Computing held in Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy (3-6 September 2013), http://www.civil-comp.com/conf/csc13.htm
Marco Pittaluga, FOSTEr in MED Financial Manager (DICAAR - Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture - University of Cagliari), presents the strategic project on solar technology financed under the ENPI CBC MED.
###
FOSTEr in MED project kick-off meeting was held in Cagliari, on February 26th 2013.
The total budget of FOSTEr in MED project is 4,5 million Euro and it is financed for an amount of 4,05 milion Euro by European union through the ENPI CBC Mediterranean Sea Basin Programme (www.enpicbcmed.eu).
For more information, please contact: Project Management Office DICAAR Via Marengo 2 – 09123 Cagliari (Italy) Ph. +39 070 6755811 email management@fosterinmed.eu | visibility@fosterinmed.eu
Energy Harvesting IN VENTO 2014 - Petrini StroNGER.comStroNGER2012
Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting under Air Flow Excitation
by
Francesco Petrini, Konstantinos Gkoumas and Franco Bontempi.
This study focuses on the numerical analysis of a high efficiency Energy Harvesting device, based on
piezoelectric materials, for the sustainability of smart buildings, structures and infrastructures. Before that, a
comprehensive literature review on the topic takes place. The device consists in an aerodynamic fin attached to a
piezoelectric element that makes use of the air flow to harvest energy. The principal utilization of this device is
for energy autonomous sensors, with applications inbridges, transportation networks and smart buildings. The results are corroborated by advanced analytical and numerical analyses (in ANSYS®) that demonstrate the energy harvesting capacity.
PhD Defence Santonocito - Energy Methods for Fracture and Fatigue assessmentDario Santonocito
In this presentation are reported three years of intence research activity on Energy Methods performed during the PhD student period by Dario Santonocito. Thermographic Method (TM) and Static Thermographic Method (STM) were applied to retrieve in a very short amount of time the fatigue properties of the material, while the Strain Energy Density approach was applied to welded structures to assess their fatigue life
Advances in fatigue and fracture mechanics by grzegorz (greg) glinkaJulio Banks
Professor Grzegorz (Greg) Glinka has made substantial contributions to the field of stress concentration evaluation using linear FEA results using the ESED (Equivalent Striain Energy Density). ESED aka Glinka methods allows the determination of strain-stress state at a point of local concentration by equating the strain energy from the linear FEA area in the material strain-stress curve to that of the actual strain-stress of the material using a models such as Ramberg-Osgood. The ESED method is more accurate than the Neuber requiring the equating of SED (Strain Energy Densities) of linear FEA results that Stress is proportional to strain even when the FEA predicts a stress greater than the ultimate strength of the material. One easy method of remember when to use ESED versus Neuber is that ESED, more accurate, should be use on the stress analysis of rocket structures and Neuber delegated to aerospace engines and components.
Strumenti informatici per la modellazione e la verifica del comportamento str...MMSLAB
AR FAS REGIONE TOSCANA
Linea di Azione 1.1.a.3 Scienze e tecnologie per la salvaguardia e la valorizzazione dei beni culturali
Laboratorio di Meccanica dei Materiali e delle Strutture ISTI-CNR
Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Ambientale, UNIFI
Programma di Ricerca : Modelli e Metodi per l’Analisi Strutturale Caso studio...MMSLAB
PAR FAS REGIONE TOSCANA
Linea di Azione 1.1.a.3 Scienze e tecnologie per la salvaguardia e la valorizzazione dei beni culturali
Laboratorio di Meccanica dei Materiali e delle Strutture ISTI-CNR
Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Ambientale, UNIFI
Analisi numerica di problemi di ingegneria strutturaleMMSLAB
Nel seminario verranno presentati due problemi applicativi che nascono nell'ambito dell'ingegneria strutturale e che richiedono la risoluzione di problemi a larga scala: il primo è un problema di ottimizzazione non lineare vincolato legato alla progettazione di strutture aeronautiche, mentre il secondo è un problema agli autovalori vincolato risultante dall'analisi modale di edifici storici in muratura. Verrà analizzata la struttura dei problemi e verranno proposte strategie numeriche ad hoc per la loro risoluzione in grado di gestire sia le grandi dimensioni che i vincoli sulle variabili. Nel primo caso proporremo l'utilizzo di strategie "multilevel" e nel secondo caso sfrutteremo tecniche di algebra lineare per matrici sparse.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
1. Numerical modelling of the static and seismic behaviour of
historical buildings: the church of San Francesco in Lucca
1
The Fourteenth International Conference on Civil, Structural and Environmental
Engineering Computing, Cagliari 3-6 September 2013
Maria Girardi
Cristina Padovani
Giuseppe Pasquinelli
Laboratory of Mechanics
of Materials and Structures
ISTI-CNR
Pisa
2. The Fourteenth International Conference on Civil, Structural and Environmental
Engineering Computing, Cagliari 3-6 September 2013
The NOSA-ITACA version for static analyses will be freely
downloadable by http://www.nosaitaca.it/it/software/
•The NOSA-ITACA code is a finite element solver for nonlinear analyses.
•Masonry is modelled by a nonlinear isotropic elastic material with zero
tensile strength and limited compressive strength (masonry-like or
no-tension material). [G. Del Piero, Meccanica 1989; S. Di Pasquale, Meccanica 1992; M.
Lucchesi, C. Padovani et al., Masonry Constructions and Numerical Applications, Springer 2008].
• Static analyses
• Dynamic analyses
• Thermo-mechanical analyses
• Modal analyses
• Stress fields
• Collapse loads
• Elastic, fracture and crushing strain fields
• Displacement fields
• Time- histories
• Eigenvalues and eigenvectors
• NOSA-ITACA library: beam, truss, shell, 2D, 3D elements (35 elements)
3. 33
the infinitesimal strain tensor,
the Cauchy stress tensor,
the elastic part of the strain,
the fracture strain,
the crushing strain,
the modulus of elasticity and the Poisson’s ratio,
the masonry maximum compressive stress.
T
c
E
E
f
E
e
E
E,
e
s0
s
0 0
DE
ˆ ˆT = T(E), T(E)
Given E, find Ef, Ec, T such that
e f c
f c
E = E + E + E ,
E E = 0,
E
1+ 1-2
e e
T E tr( E )I ,
f c
0T E T I E 0,
0-T I 0, , c
T E 0,
f
E 0
The Fourteenth International Conference on Civil, Structural and Environmental
Engineering Computing, Cagliari 3-6 September 2013
4. The Fourteenth International Conference on Civil, Structural and Environmental
Engineering Computing, Cagliari 3-6 September 2013
The Church of San Francesco
6. The Fourteenth International Conference on Civil, Structural and Environmental
Engineering Computing, Cagliari 3-6 September 2013
Evaluation of the seismic vulnerability and
the effectiveness of the reinforcement operations
Step 1
•In situ tests: geometric survey, flat jacks tests, georadar scans
•Laboratory tests: mechanical characterization of materials and soil
Step 2
Numerical model of the existing structure: modal analyses, definition of the
horizontal loads, static nonlinear analyses, definition of the collapse loads
Step 3
Numerical model of the reinforced structure: modal analyses, definition of
the horizontal loads, static nonlinear analyses, definition of the collapse loads
Step 4
Existing and reinforced structure: comparison of numerical results
7. The Fourteenth International Conference on Civil, Structural and Environmental
Engineering Computing, Cagliari 3-6 September 2013
g1
g2
The Church of San Francesco: The finite element mesh
/2
11 11
/2
d ,
h
h
N T
/2
22 22
/2
d
h
h
N T
/2
11 11
/2
d ,
h
h
M T
/2
22 22
/2
d .
h
h
M T
11 1 1,T g Tg 22 2 2 ,T g Tg
{ ' | , , ( )},' ζ p p p n p n n p
[ / 2, / 2].h h
Stresses
Normal forces
Bending moments
8. 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
T sec
1
2
3
4
a m sec 2
T1r=1,04 sT1=1,26 s
Without reinforcing With reinforcing
The Fourteenth International Conference on Civil, Structural and Environmental
Engineering Computing, Cagliari 3-6 September 2013
The Church of San Francesco: modal analyses
Elastic Response Spectrum
for the Lucca site
z
x
9. The Fourteenth International Conference on Civil, Structural and Environmental
Engineering Computing, Cagliari 3-6 September 2013
The Church of San Francesco: permanent loads
Stresses T22Displacements ux
11. The Church of San Francesco: evolution of the maximum values of normal stresses
-2,5
-2
-1,5
-1
-0,5
0
-6,E+06 -5,E+06 -4,E+06 -3,E+06 -2,E+06 -1,E+06 0,E+00
T22[Mpa]
Total horizontal force H [N]
without reinforcement with reinforcement
12. Displacements ux
SLU
Without reinforcing
With reinforcing
The Church of San Francesco: evaluation of the seismic vulnerability
HU=6,5% Weigth
Uxmax /h= 0,0078
Uxmax /h= 0,005
HU=4,1% Weigth
17. Normal force in the windbracing at the ultimate limit state
The Fourteenth International Conference on Civil, Structural and Environmental
Engineering Computing, Cagliari 3-6 September 2013
18. The Church of San Francesco: evaluation of the seismic vulnerability
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
-0,50 -0,40 -0,30 -0,20 -0,10 0,00
load
increments
horizontal displacements [m]
without reinforcing
with reinforcing
19. 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
T s
0.5
1
1.5
2
Sd
m
s2
TR = 475 (reference)
TR = 140 (reinforced)
TR = 50 (not reinforced)
50
0.1
475
SI
475
0.75
0.4
1.86
SLU
a
a
f
a
140
0.3
475
SI
475
1.16
0.6
1.86
SLU
a
a
f
a
0.041SLUH
W
The Fourteenth International Conference on Civil, Structural and Environmental
Engineering Computing, Cagliari 3-6 September 2013
0.065SLUH
W
Without reinforcing With reinforcing
20. 20
The Fourteenth International Conference on Civil, Structural and Environmental
Engineering Computing, Cagliari 3-6 September 2013
Conclusions
•The NOSA - ITACA code is a finite element code for static and dynamic
nonlinear analyses of masonry structures. The version for static analyses
will be freely downloadable by the end of the year.
•Masonry is modelled by means of a masonry-like constitutive equation with
zero tensile strength and finite or infinite compressive strength.
•A case study has been presented in which the seismic vulnerability of the
church of San Francesco in Lucca is assessed by means of a nonlinear static
analysis conducted via the NOSA–ITACA code.
The financial support of the Region of Tuscany (project “Tools for modelling
and assessing the structural behaviour of ancient constructions: the NOSA-
ITACA code”, PAR FAS 2007-2013) is gratefully acknowledged.
![The Fourteenth International Conference on Civil, Structural and Environmental
Engineering Computing, Cagliari 3-6 September 2013
The NOSA-ITACA version for static analyses will be freely
downloadable by http://www.nosaitaca.it/it/software/
•The NOSA-ITACA code is a finite element solver for nonlinear analyses.
•Masonry is modelled by a nonlinear isotropic elastic material with zero
tensile strength and limited compressive strength (masonry-like or
no-tension material). [G. Del Piero, Meccanica 1989; S. Di Pasquale, Meccanica 1992; M.
Lucchesi, C. Padovani et al., Masonry Constructions and Numerical Applications, Springer 2008].
• Static analyses
• Dynamic analyses
• Thermo-mechanical analyses
• Modal analyses
• Stress fields
• Collapse loads
• Elastic, fracture and crushing strain fields
• Displacement fields
• Time- histories
• Eigenvalues and eigenvectors
• NOSA-ITACA library: beam, truss, shell, 2D, 3D elements (35 elements)](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)