Gingival connective tissue.pptx
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gingival connective tissue
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Gingival connective tissue.pptx
- 1. BY VIOLA ESTHER I YR MDS
- 2. INTRODUCTION The gingival connective tissue is largely a fibrous connective tissue that has elements from oral mucosa connective tissues as well as from developing dental follicle Bartold
- 5. PAPILLARY LAYER It is present in the papillary projections between the rete pegs Collagen fibers are loosely arranged Many capillary loops are present
- 6. RETICULAR LAYER Reticular – net like Contiguous with the periosteum Collagen are arranged in thick bundles
- 8. COMPONENTS CELLULAR ELEMENTS EXTRACELLULAR COMPONENTS BLOOD SUPPLY,LYMPHATICS,NERVES
- 10. CELLULAR ELEMENTS fibroblasts mast cells macrophages,eosinophils,neutrophils adipose cells small foci of plasma cells & lymphocytes
- 11. FIBROBLASTS
- 12. FIBROBLAST Principle cell Mesenchymal origin Sleeper cell-active cell Sentinel cell Perio 2000,vol 68
- 13. FUNCTIONS SYNTHESIS TISSUE HOMEOSTASIS - regulation - remodelling REPAIR WOUND HEALING
- 15. RESIDENT FIBROBLAST ACTIVATED FIBROBLAST LPS THROMBIN LPS PDGF ECM DEGRADATION ECM PRODUCTION REPAIR
- 17. MACROPHAGES
- 18. NEUTROPHILS Present in small amounts in clinically normal gingiva Accumulate at the site of infection Promote vascular injury Exocytosis—tissue damage in inflammatory disease
- 19. In clinically normal gingiva , small foci of plasma cells & lymphocytes are found in the connective tissue near the base of the sulcus Lymphocytes and plasma cells are scattered throughout the lamina propria in small numbers normally Their numbers increase during injury
- 20. EXTRACELLULAR COMPONENTS GINGIVAL FIBERS GROUND SUBSTANCE
- 21. CONNECTIVE TISSUE FIBERS COLLAGEN OXYTALAN ELASTIN
- 22. ELASTIN FIBERS These are rubber like protein produced by fibroblast The elastic properties are due to numerous intermolecular cross links between lysine groups formed by enzymes lysyl oxidase Developing elastic fibers are called as elaunin fibers Chemotactic activity towards monocytes & fibroblasts
- 23. OXYTALAN FIBERS They are immature elastic fibers They tend to run in an axial direction,one end being embedded in the bone or cementum and the other in the wall of blood vessels At the apical region, they form a complex network
- 24. COLLAGEN Collagen is a fibrous protein with 3 polypeptide chains They are made up of Glycine Proline Hydroxyproline
- 25. COLLAGEN Collagens are the most abun FIBROBLAST TROPOCOLLAGEN PROTOFIBRILS COLLAGEN FIBRILS COLLAGEN FIBERS
- 26. The major component of gingival connective tissue are collagen fibers(about 60% by volume) Type I, III,IV, V,VI VII are present in gingiva Type I – predominant Type III- fetal collagen Type IV- branches between type I Type V-coat dense fibers of type I & III Type VI-distributed within the elastin fibers Type VII-anchoring fibrils
- 27. FUNCTIONS OF COLLAGEN It imparts strength,support to the tissues firm and resilient Proper alignment of cells for cellular proliferation Initiates thrombus formation Maintains structural integrity
- 30. PRINCIPAL FIBERS Dentogingival fibres Alveologingival fibres Circular & semicircular fibers Transeptal fibers
- 31. SECONDARY GROUP FIBERS Transgingival fibres Intergingival fibers Interpapillary fibers Periosteogingival fibres Intercircular fibers Semicircular fibers
- 32. FUNCTIONS To brace the marginal gingiva To stabilize the attached gingiva to the tooth and bone To withstand force of mastication To unite the free marginal gingiva with the cementum and attached gingiva
- 41. GROUND SUBSTANCE
- 42. GROUND SUBSTANCE Ground substance of extracellular matrix consists of complex mixture of macromolecules It fills the space between fibers and cells Transportation Determination & maintenance of the structure It provides mechanical strength and rigidity Engel 1953
- 43. GROUND SUBSTANCE WATER(90%) PROTEOGLYCANS GLYCOPROTEINS
- 44. PROTEOGLYCANS It is composed of a core protein to which glycosaminoglycan chains are attached by covalent bond 10% 30% Dermatan so4 (60%) Core protein
- 45. CLASSIFICATION OF PROTEOGLYCANS BY IOZZO EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX PROTEOGLYCANS CELL SURFACE PROTEOGLYCANS Hyaluronan binding proteoglycans Small leucine rich proteoglycans INTRACELLULAR PROTEOGLYCANS
- 46. Hyaluronan binding proteins Small leucine rich proteoglycans Aggrecan Neurocan versican brevican Decorin Biglycan Fibromodulin Lumican Osteoadherin epiphycan EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX PROTEOGLYCANS
- 47. CELL SURFACE PROTEOGLYCANS Syndecan Glypican Beta glycan Thrombomodulin
- 48. INTRACELLULAR PROTEOGLYCANS Hamatopoietic cells Serglycin serine+glycine secretory granule Enzyme packaging
- 49. FUNCTIONS OF PROTEOGLYCANS Regulator Cell migration Resilience Lindhe
- 50. GLYCOPROTEINS It is a globular protein covalently attached to shorter branched oligosacharide Adhesion proteins
- 51. FUNCTIONS CELL ADHESION CELL MIGRATION ORGANISATION OF COLLAGEN FIBERS MAINTENANCE OF THE STRUCTURE
- 53. FIBRONECTIN: Present in plasma & fibrils clotting process cell adhesion TENASCIN: expressed in wound healing & tumorgenesis inhibits cell attachment to fibronectin & laminin THROMBOSPONDIN: Activated platelet product binds to fibrinogen OSTEONECTIN: SPARC Antiadhesive wound healing endothelial culture shock protein
- 54. LAMININ: Major component of basement membrane interact with type IV collagen 7 types are present interact with ECM components INTEGRIN: transmembrane receptors B1 integrins- interaction between cell surface & ECM molecules B2 integrins- leukocyte integrins B3 integrins- vascular system they are expressed in diapedesis clot formation fibroblast migration
- 56. BLOOD SUPPLY SUPRAPERIOSTEAL ARTERIOLES Egelberg1967 VESSELS OF PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT ARTERIOLES FROM THE CREST OF INTERDENTAL SEPTA Folke 1967
- 58. VESSELS OF INTERDENTAL SEPTUM
- 59. VESSELS OF PDL
- 61. NERVE SUPPLY Meshwork of argyrophilic fibers Encapsulated spindles Meissner type tactile corpuscles Krause type end bulbs Avery,Rapp 1959
- 62. MAXILLARY GINGIVA Sup labial nerve Post sup alveolar nerve
- 63. MANDIBULAR GINGIVA Mental nerve Buccal nerve
- 64. AGING Coarser & denser Wentz, Maier 1952 Soluble-insoluble collagen Collagen stabilization Mechanical strength Mackenzie 1996 Cellular elements rate of collagen synthesis
- 65. REPAIR OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE HIGH TURNOVER RATE GOOD HEALING AND REGENERATIE CAPACITY LITTLE EVIDENCE OF SCARRING Melcher1976
- 66. Connective tissue is deranged in Inflammation type V new collagen type I trimer appears degradation of proteoglycans chondritin so4 Gingival overgrowth GF ECM GENETIC DISORDER: Ehlers Danlos syndrome
- 67. CONCLUSION The unique feature of periodontium is that,although each component is separate structurally,they function together as one unit.An understanding of molecular compostion of the normal tissues is essential for requirements of tissue repair & regeneration,as well as for recognizing the effects of tissue degradation
- 68. REFERENCES CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY- CARANZA CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY & IMPLANT DENTISTRY- JAN LINDHE BIOLOGY OF PERIODONTAL CONNECTIVE TISSUES- BARTOLD PERIO 2000, VOL24&68
- 69. THANK YOU