Domestic opposition to large dam projects first emerged in many countries in the 1950s-1970s. In the 1980s, opponents began building transnational linkages and took on the World Bank, the largest funder of big dams. By the 1990s, the campaign had reduced World Bank funding for dams by 60% and led to the creation of the independent World Commission on Dams in 1997 to review dams and development standards.
Among the many water-related challenges worldwide, the crisis of scarcity, deteriorating water quality, the linkages between water and food security, and the need for improved governance are the most significant in the context of gender differences in access to and control over water resources.
The Asia Women's Conference on Environment
-by Irene Dankelman
Recommendations:
(a) Recognize and protect the human right to water.
(b) Ensure women’s access to and control of safe water and land.
(c) Ensure gender mainstreaming in all water and sanitation policies and institutions.
(d) Promote women’s participation and empowerment.
(e) Ensure corporate social and environmental accountability in water and sanitation.
Among the many water-related challenges worldwide, the crisis of scarcity, deteriorating water quality, the linkages between water and food security, and the need for improved governance are the most significant in the context of gender differences in access to and control over water resources.
The Asia Women's Conference on Environment
-by Irene Dankelman
Recommendations:
(a) Recognize and protect the human right to water.
(b) Ensure women’s access to and control of safe water and land.
(c) Ensure gender mainstreaming in all water and sanitation policies and institutions.
(d) Promote women’s participation and empowerment.
(e) Ensure corporate social and environmental accountability in water and sanitation.
CGIAR Research Program on Water Land and Ecosystems (WLE) attempts to help meet development potential in East Africa through research for development strategies in the Nile basin.
The 1st Regional Design Workshop for the Nile Basin will be held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from October 17-19, 2013.
Rapid degradation of peri-urban ecosystems is resulting in a loss of associated ecosystem services. Water provision, storm-and waste-water regulation, along with protection from natural disasters and erosion, are the impacted services that most acutely affect poor or vulnerable populations. The poor may be disproportionately impacted by loss of ecosystem services due to lack of political power around land use decision making and limited alternatives for livelihoods, housing, or basic services. Vulnerability extends to urban populations that depend on the ecosystem services provided by or flowing through peri-urban areas. Often, the loss of ecosystems is irreversible and the replacement of associated services is costly, if even possible.
Coastal ecosystems such as mangroves, delta systems, and coral reefs are increasingly at risk due in large part to
settlement and development along rapidly urbanizing coasts. The resulting degradation of these ecosystems,
especially the degradation of natural infrastructure, increasingly exposes coastal cities and their inhabitants to
more frequent and severe natural hazards and disproportionately impacts poor populations who often rely on these ecosystems for livelihoods, food, and other essential benefits.
In 2015, The Rockefeller Foundation collaborated with several partners to begin developing incentive-based mechanisms to address competition for freshwater, and to bring human water use back in balance with the water needs of freshwater ecosystems in order to build long-term resilience. The early solutions that emerged, and the wider lessons from the group’s work, are captured in this report.
ASEAN mengadopsi renca aksi pengendalian sampah laut Studi mengenai plastikmikro dan dampaknya terhadap lingkungan hidup dan utamanya kepada manusia semakin intensif dilakukan peneliti Studi perilaku warga pulau kecil dalam pengendalian sampah, ada juga aksi protes terhadap sampah di sungai Sampah sebagai pembangkit listrik bertambah satu unit lagi keberadaannya di Indonesia
Este documento histórico se dirige a cada delegación nacional, internacional y las Naciones Unidas en el contexto de la Conferencia Río +20. Es fruto del trabajo interdisciplinario de colaboración de más de 200 investigadores de las zonas costeras de todo el mundo. El objetivo principal es poner de relieve (i) los retos que se vislumbran de las zonas costeras y (ii) sus posibles soluciones desde la perspectiva de la Comunidad Científica y Tecnológica, como parte del esfuerzo para construir y alcanzar los objetivos de Río +20.
This document has been prepared by the Agham Advocates of Science& Technology for the People (AGHAM) to aid local communities threatened by dam projects. This reference document contain information and tools that can be used by the community to have a better understanding of dams and make informed decisions how to collectively approach the dam project in their area. This guide is not exhaustive and complete, but centers on basic questions to learn more about the dam project in the area and to guide further research.
CGIAR Research Program on Water Land and Ecosystems (WLE) attempts to help meet development potential in East Africa through research for development strategies in the Nile basin.
The 1st Regional Design Workshop for the Nile Basin will be held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from October 17-19, 2013.
Rapid degradation of peri-urban ecosystems is resulting in a loss of associated ecosystem services. Water provision, storm-and waste-water regulation, along with protection from natural disasters and erosion, are the impacted services that most acutely affect poor or vulnerable populations. The poor may be disproportionately impacted by loss of ecosystem services due to lack of political power around land use decision making and limited alternatives for livelihoods, housing, or basic services. Vulnerability extends to urban populations that depend on the ecosystem services provided by or flowing through peri-urban areas. Often, the loss of ecosystems is irreversible and the replacement of associated services is costly, if even possible.
Coastal ecosystems such as mangroves, delta systems, and coral reefs are increasingly at risk due in large part to
settlement and development along rapidly urbanizing coasts. The resulting degradation of these ecosystems,
especially the degradation of natural infrastructure, increasingly exposes coastal cities and their inhabitants to
more frequent and severe natural hazards and disproportionately impacts poor populations who often rely on these ecosystems for livelihoods, food, and other essential benefits.
In 2015, The Rockefeller Foundation collaborated with several partners to begin developing incentive-based mechanisms to address competition for freshwater, and to bring human water use back in balance with the water needs of freshwater ecosystems in order to build long-term resilience. The early solutions that emerged, and the wider lessons from the group’s work, are captured in this report.
ASEAN mengadopsi renca aksi pengendalian sampah laut Studi mengenai plastikmikro dan dampaknya terhadap lingkungan hidup dan utamanya kepada manusia semakin intensif dilakukan peneliti Studi perilaku warga pulau kecil dalam pengendalian sampah, ada juga aksi protes terhadap sampah di sungai Sampah sebagai pembangkit listrik bertambah satu unit lagi keberadaannya di Indonesia
Este documento histórico se dirige a cada delegación nacional, internacional y las Naciones Unidas en el contexto de la Conferencia Río +20. Es fruto del trabajo interdisciplinario de colaboración de más de 200 investigadores de las zonas costeras de todo el mundo. El objetivo principal es poner de relieve (i) los retos que se vislumbran de las zonas costeras y (ii) sus posibles soluciones desde la perspectiva de la Comunidad Científica y Tecnológica, como parte del esfuerzo para construir y alcanzar los objetivos de Río +20.
This document has been prepared by the Agham Advocates of Science& Technology for the People (AGHAM) to aid local communities threatened by dam projects. This reference document contain information and tools that can be used by the community to have a better understanding of dams and make informed decisions how to collectively approach the dam project in their area. This guide is not exhaustive and complete, but centers on basic questions to learn more about the dam project in the area and to guide further research.
Social Acceptance and Environmental Justice: Promoting Kashimbila Multipurpos...Premier Publishers
Dam project is said to be accompanied by many benefits for the affected communities but several dams face lots of challenges mostly during the constructions processes. To curtail these challenges, require people’s attention to be drawn to proposed projects. However, the rate of dam construction is in the increase. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess factors responsible for social acceptance of Kashimbila Multipurpose dam construction project by local communities in the study area. To this end, the study answered the following question: what factors contribute to social acceptability of the Kashimbila Multipurpose Dam? Mixed research method was adopted for the study and the instruments used for data collection are questionnaire, interview and observation. The respondents were drawn from communities within 2km, 4km and 6km from the dam. The estimated population of the area is 247, 657 and the sample size of the research is 269. The participants for interview were identified using a stratified sampling method while those whom questionnaire were administered on were identified using simple random sampling. The responses received suggests that public participation in decision/planning process of dam project, employment and location of dam can curtail dam construction challenges. These results indicated that public participation in decision/planning process of dam project, employment and location of dam does have influence in social acceptance of Kashimbila Multipurpose Dam project construction. On this basis it is recommended that project developers should always bear in mind the involvement of affected communities during decision and planning processes of the proposed projects.
HELP Policy recommendations_Water Risk Reduction webinar22Feb2023_KNNT-1.pdfKnnt Thein
Ecocivilisation Year of Water 2023
It is an attempt to cross-pollinate “the scientific and technological approaches and the humanity, art and cultural approaches”.
Series of webinars are being schedules. Through the lens of cross-pollination!
HELP High-level Expert and Leaders Panelhttps://www.wateranddisaster.org/
High-Level Expert Panel on Water and Disaster (HLEP/UNSGAB)The High-Level Expert Panel on Water and Disaster (HLEP/UNSGAB) was convened at the request of the UN Secretary General’s Advisory Board on water and Sanitation (UNSGAB) in 2007, under the Presidency of H.E. Dr. Han Seung-soo, Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea and Former President of the Korea Water Forum.
The HELP included 21 experts in disaster preparedness and response and international issues, and was co-moderated by the World Water Council, the UN Secretariat for the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR), the Japan Water Forum and the Korea Water Forum. More … https://www.wateranddisaster.org/who-we-are/
The issue of “water and disasters” must be addressed if we hope to make sustainable development a reality.
The High-level Experts and Leaders Panel on Water and Disasters (HELP) issues principles and flagship initiatives to assist the international community, governments and stakeholders in mobilizing political will and resources, when adopted, principles turn policies.
HELP promotes actions to raise awareness, ensure coordination and collaboration, establish common goals and targets, monitor progress, and take effective measures aimed at addressing the issues of water and disasters.
This presentation is a proof of Action in Cross-pollination among HELP, Ecocivilisation, and wider international Community.
Drought risk and resilience decision support - Chris Hughes, Arup, at IWA 2019The Resilience Shift
Chris Hughes, drought specialist at Arup, has written a guest blog for the Resilience Shift. In it he discusses some of the ways cities might better prepare for drought and resilience to water scarcity. Chris spoke about the work of his team recently at the IWA Conference on Efficient Water Management in Manila in January this year and referenced the Resilience Shift, and its work on the City Water Resilience Approach and online collaboration tool. You can see his presentation here.
Slides of talk presented at various forums on occasion of the 40th anniversary of the launching of Limits to Growth, the first report to the Club of Rome published in 1972. This book was one of the earliest scholarly works to recognize that the world was fast approaching its sustainable limits. Forty years later, the planet continues to face many of the same economic, social, and environmental challenges as when the book was first published.
Toward Successful Governance For Renewable Energy in LDCHyunjung Kim
2013 Int'l Environmental Expert Training Program
Team Project on Laos Development Strategy with Korea's ODA
Team 5, Helaos(meaning Sun+Laos in Greek)
Hyunjung Kim, Hyein Kim, Hyeji Kim, Sena Nam
Our Research is aimed at suggesting an effective way of Renewable Energy ODA(Official Development Assistance) to alleviate energy poverty and inequality in least developed countries. Therefore, we examined current situation of RE ODA and a targeting country. Then, we devised Korea's ODA strategy in terms of five OECD/DAC evaluation criteria. We hope that public-private partnership(PPP) for renewable energy in LDC works as a breakthrough in the development of Lao DPR.
Thank you ;)
IEETP 5기 5조 - 조발표 자료입니다. 코멘트 환영합니다 <3
2013-1 International Society and Leadership
Model Study: Mickey Hyunyu Kim - Head of Google TV Distribution Partnerships
We reviewed three leadership aspects of Mr. Kim, A Successful Korean Young Leader in Silicon Valley
A few video clips were attached originally but they could not be included within these pages due to the lack of support at slideshare.
Please enjoy & leave a comment. Thank you :)
by students in Scranton Honers Program at Ewha
p.s. Our presentation show videos in classroom will be uploaded on youtude as well. Then, I will post the address right away. Thanks.
1. 2012-2 Global & intercultural identity
Toward Democratic Governance
for Sustainable Development
: Translational Civil Society Organizing around Big Dams
by Sanjeev Khagram
12 December 2012 Presented by Kim, Hyunjung(Physics 09)
3. Dr. Sanjeev Khangram
Affiliate Professor, Public Affairs and International
Studies, University of Washington
Ph. D., Stanford University
Young Global Leader, World Economic Forum
Areas of specialization
: Civil Society, Corporate Citizenship, Cross-
Sectoral Networks, Global Governance, Human
Security, Impact Evaluation, Political Economy,
Sustainable Development, Transnational Studies
4. Dams
20% of global electricity generation
In 65 countries, hydropower produces 50% of electricity
In 25 countries, hydropower constitute over 90% of electricity
Worldwide, agricultural crops
> 30% of water from irrigation
1/17
5. Why do we need dams?
1. The needs of a growing global population
~ 1 billion people sill w/o adequate supplies drinking water
~ 2 billion people w/ no access to electricity
2. The need for better flood management: undeniable.
due to massive & destructive floods!!!
2/17
6. However, the Rate of Dam Construction
Worldwide is like…
Drastically decline
over 25 years
→ Technical/Financial/Economic factors behind this trend 3/17
7. What is the whole story?
1) Technical factor: The decreasing availability of sites for
big dams
ex) As of 1986, 95% of big dams -> 25 countries
having more than 100 dams. Only 2% were spread over
more than 150 countries where sites were still plentiful.
2) Financial & Economic factors: omitted in our book but
you can look up the reference 4/17
8. Translational civil society coalitions
A multitude of struggles & campaigns carried on worldwide
→ change the dynamics of big dam projects
Ex 1) Environmental NGOs from the 1st world(Int’l level)
→ slowing and halting global spread of big dams
Ex 2) Direct influence on local people(Domestic level)
→ social movements and domestic NGOs : reform/block the completing
of these projects in their own countries.
Result: Domestic successes & Subsequent internationalization of
environ/human/indigenous rights organization in the West 5/17
9. The Rise of Domestic Opposition
Transnational civil society advocacy efforts ~ a narrow
range of elite values and interests: not always true!
Why? Domestic opposition has been independently organized in
numerous countries outside the West.
- Example: India, Thailand, Indonesia, Brazil, Chile, Hungary, the
former Soviet Union, South Africa etc.
Case study: India(The Hirakud Dam, the Silent Valley project), The
Chico project in the Philippines, Brazil, The United States(the Echo Park
Dam, Grand Canyon) and Western Europe.
6/17
10. Case 1. The Hirakud Dam
: One of independent India’s first multipurpose projects
In 1940s, an anti-Hirakud campaign was waged ~ involving the full
range of lobbying & pressure: 30,000 villegers and townpeople even
protested in front of the state governor.
Such purely domestic campaigns : generally unsuccessful through 1960s.
Nevertheless, local opposition to big dams mounted during 1970s-1980s
and internationally highlighted.
By the end of the 1980s, a meeting of over 80 representatives called for a
moratorium on big dam project in an “assertion of collective will against
big dams.”
Domestic decision-making processes became more participatory and the results
of projects more socially just and environmentally sustainable. 7/17
11. Case 2. India was not unusual
1) The campaign of cordilleran 대산맥의 peoples in the Philippines against the
Chico River project in the mid-1970s
: worldwide for the confrontations between opposition and
government. → the World Bank eventually withdrew its funding
2) A nationwide movement of dam-affected peoples grew in size and
The end of the expansion years of big dam building & The growth of a
strength in Brazil
national environmental movement in the United States
: from domestic social and environmental policy reform to the broader
democratization process.
3) The States and Western Europe certainly contributed to the broader
decline of big dam building in most European countries in 1970s. 8/17
12. The Building of Transnational Linkages
During 1980s, focus shift from domestic movement to elsewhere
ex) Southern Europe, Eastern Europe, the Soviet Union, and its
successor states, the Third World.
where demand: still high, funding: available, criticism: less organized,
democratic/environmental norms: less institutionalized.
More than ⅔ of new big dam starts occurred in the Third World.
These indigenous peoples, human rights, environmental and even
sustainable development NGOs consciously built coalitions with allies
all over the world.
The antibank campaign quickly gathered momentum. 9/17
13. International Rivers Network(IRN)
Motive to the establishment of IRN: Edward Goldsmith and Nicholas
Hildyard’s The Social and Environmental Effects of Large Dams
The Book further strengthened emergent transnational connections
: the first to systematically integrate the main arguments against big
dams & insist that the problem caused were largely inherent to tech.
The San Francisco Declaration(1988): New standards or common ground
on the issues of big dam projects, river basin management, and the
provision of water and power services.
⇔ International Commission on Large Dam(Dam Proponents)
10/17
14. The World Bank
The central international organization promoting big dam building around
the world since its founding, managing 50 to 70 % of world big dam funds.
The Bank’s initial loan to fifteen Third World countries was for big dam
projects. ex) India received $8.38 billion for building 104 dams.
→ Critical to the initiation and management of big dam projects.
* Even contributed to the creation of numerous dam-building bureaucratic
Overlapped with dam-cons, Strengthening its themes: involuntary
resettlement ofThird World. ex)from dam Electricity protection of
agencies in the communities Thailand’s projects, Generating
Authority, Colombia’s Interconexion Electrica SA.
indigenous peoples’ lands, accountability and transparency of bank.
Western-based conservationists’ campaign↑ against multilateral banks ⤴
11/17
15. The broader anti-multilaternal
development bank campaign
Antidam opponents compelled the Bank not only to reduce its
involvement in big dam projects and but also to adopt new
policies and mechanism for resettlement, environmental
management, indigenous peoples, information disclosure,
monitoring, and appeals.
The cumulative effect of transnational allied civil society
→ more than 60 % decline in Bank funding in these projects
→ the Bank’s first comprehensive review of big dams
Civil society critiques of the Bank’s review sparked the creation of
an independent World Commission on Dams. 12/17
16. The Genesis of the World
Commission on Dams
In April 1997, the World Bank and the World Conservation Union
gathered in Gland, Switzerland.
39 representatives of International for benefits from
governments development agencies big dams
Transnational civil Private Sector
due to reputational
society & financial risks
To push for an independent and comprehensive review of big dams.
At the Gland Workshop, the 39 participants unanimously agreed to this
demand of the WCD.
13/17
17. The World Commission on Dams
An independent international body composed of 12 commissioners
known for their leadership roles in social movements, NGOs, academia,
the private sector, and governments all over the world.
The unprecedented mandate of WCD: 1) Conduct a global review of the
development effectiveness of dams and assess alternatives for
sustainable water resources and energy management, 2) development
If it is successful, the WCD could pavefor decisionfor a wave
internationally accepted criteria and guidelines the way making in
the planning, design, appraisal, construction, monitoring, operation, and
of novel multistake-holder global public policy processes
decommissioning of dams.
in the twenty-first century.
The most innovative international institutional experiment in the area of
democratic governance for sustainable development today.
14/17
19. In summary,
On this blue planet, less than 2.5% of our water is fresh, less than 33% of
fresh water runs in fluid, less than 1.7% of fluid water runs in streams
A number of human activities can impact on the water cycle: damming
rivers for hydroelectricity, using water for farming, deforestation and
the burning of fossil fuels. When people use water for irrigation, they are
taking water from streams or from the ground and, as a result, the water
table drops. It can take a long time for groundwater to be recharged. The
flow-on effect is a reduction in the amount of water in rivers or lakes,
which then impacts on the environment – animals living in the water
may find themselves affected.
16/17
20. Summary(Flow of article)
The Rise of Domestic Opposition in the mid 1950s-1970s
The Building of Transnational Linkages in 1980s
Taking on the World Bank in the 1980s-1990s
: the broader anti-multilateral development bank campaign
The Genesis of the World Commission on Dams in 1997
: representatives of governments, international development agencies, the
private sector, and transnational civil society.
Toward Governance for Sustainable Development 17/17
Editor's Notes
Hirakud Dam (Oriya: ହୀରାକୁଦ ବନ୍ଧ ) is built across the Mahanadi River, about 15 km from Sambalpur in the state of Orissa in India. Built in 1957, the dam is one of the world's longest earthen dam.[2] Behind the dam extends a lake, Hirakud Reservoir, 55 km long. Hirakud Dam is the longest man-made dam in the world, about 16 mi (26 km) in length. It is one of the first major multipurpose river valley project started after India's independence.
http://www.weforum.org/young-global-leaders/sanjeev-khagram http://internationalcomparative.duke.edu/news-events/the-20 12-ics-annual-lecture-sanjeev-khagram http://youtu.be/lgkGOifClfM His latest lecture Sanjeev Khagram is known worldwide for his interdisciplinary and cross-sectoral leadership on globalization and transnationalism, sustainable development, human security, governance and leadership. He is currently the John Parke Young Professor in Global Political Economy at Occidental College, Founder and Chair of Innovations for Scaling Impact, and architect of the Global Initiative for Fiscal Transparency. Previously, he was Dean of the Desmond Tutu Peace Centre, Deputy Secretary General at the World Commission on Dams, Associate Professor at the Harvard Kennedy School of Government, Wyss Scholar at the Harvard Business School and Director of the Lindenberg Center for Global Citizenship. Khagram has worked with global networks, multilateral agencies, governments, corporations, civil society organizations, professional associations and universities all over the world. He holds a BA in Development Studies and Engineering, an MA in Economics and a PhD in Political Science from Stanford University.
3 번째 문단 정리 http://www.icold-cigb.org/GB/Dams/role_of_dams.asp
이러한 수요와 큰 댐 건설을 부축이는 기관들의 노력에도 불구하고 , 지난 25 년간 댐 건설은 급격하게 줄어들었다 . -> puzzling
The dramatic decline in the construction of these projects globally over the past 25 years: 1975~2000 Source: ICOLD, 1998. Note: Information excludes dams in China.
http://multimedia.wri.org/watersheds_2003/gm17.html ICOLD (International Commission on Large Dams). 1998. World Register of Dams 1998 . Paris, France: ICOLD. IJHD (International Journal of Hydropower and Dams). 1998. 1998 World Atlas and Industry Guide. Surrey, U. K.: Aqua-Media International. Revenga, C., S. Murray, J. Abramovitz, and A. Hammond, 1998. Watersheds of the World: Ecological Value and Vulnerability . Washington, DC: World Resources Institute. Revenga, C., J. Brunner, N. Henninger, K. Kassem, and R. Payne. 2000. Pilot analysis of global ecosystems: freshwater systems. Washington DC: World Resources Institute. Online at: http://www.wri.org/wr2000/freshwater_page.html Vörösmarty, C. J., K. P. Sharma, B. M. Fekete, A. H. Copeland, J. Holden, J. Marble, and J. A. Lough. 1997. “The Storage and Aging of Continental Runoff in Large Reservoir Systems of the World.” Ambio 26(4): 210–219.
사진 하나 넣기 !!!
As the next section describes, the antibank campaign quickly gathered momentum.
IRN 이 하는 일 간단히 정리해서 말해주기 . 잡지도 발행한다고 함 .^^
aul Nelson, Administrator, Scott County Water Management Organization