Gigantism
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Gigantism is caused by an excess of growth hormone, most commonly from a noncancerous tumor of the pituitary gland. Symptoms include abnormally large stature, delayed puberty, vision problems, and enlarged features of the hands, feet and face. Treatment options include removing the tumor through surgery or the nose, medications to reduce growth hormone levels, and radiation therapy which can normalize hormone levels over 5-10 years. Diagnosis involves scans of the pituitary gland, failure of GH levels to suppress after a glucose challenge, and high levels of prolactin and IGF-I.
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Gigantism
Gigantism is caused by an excess of growth hormone, most commonly from a noncancerous tumor of the pituitary gland. Symptoms include abnormally large stature, delayed puberty, vision problems, and enlarged features of the hands, feet and face. Treatment options include removing the tumor through surgery or the nose, medications to reduce growth hormone levels, and radiation therapy which can normalize hormone levels over 5-10 years. Diagnosis involves scans of the pituitary gland, failure of GH levels to suppress after a glucose challenge, and high levels of prolactin and IGF-I.
Gigantism
Gigantism is caused by an excess of growth hormone, usually from a noncancerous tumor on the pituitary gland. Symptoms include above average height, delayed puberty, vision problems, headaches, and large hands and feet. Diagnosis involves CT/MRI scans and blood tests showing high growth hormone and IGF-1 levels. Treatment options include medications, radiation therapy, and surgery to remove the tumor.
Gigantism
Gigantism is a rare condition caused by excessive growth hormone production, usually from a noncancerous pituitary tumor, resulting in abnormal growth and size in children. Symptoms include increased height and size of body parts like hands and feet. Diagnosis involves blood tests to measure growth hormone levels and MRI scans to detect pituitary tumors. Treatment aims to stop growth hormone overproduction and may include surgery to remove tumors, medication to shrink tumors or block hormone effects, and gamma knife radiosurgery for tumors not accessible by traditional surgery.
Endocrinologyprojectbyobe
Panhypopituitarism is a condition where the anterior pituitary gland does not produce sufficient hormones, resulting in the destruction or malfunction of the gland. It can be congenital or develop over time. Gigantism occurs pre-puberty and is caused by excessive growth hormone during development, resulting in extreme height. Acromegaly occurs post-puberty and is also due to excessive growth hormone, causing enlarged hands, feet, and facial features. Both can be caused by non-cancerous pituitary tumors and are treated through surgery, medication, or radiation therapy to regulate hormone levels.
Disorders of the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus
This document discusses two pituitary gland disorders: Acromegaly and Cushing's disease. Acromegaly is caused by excessive growth hormone production after puberty, causing enlarged hands, feet, and face. It is usually caused by a pituitary adenoma. Treatment involves surgery to remove the adenoma, followed by medication such as somatostatin analogs if needed. Cushing's disease results from excessive cortisol secretion by the pituitary gland and presents with high blood pressure, glucose intolerance, and fat redistribution. Its treatment involves locating and removing the cause, such as a pituitary adenoma, through surgery.
Precocious
Precocious puberty is an early onset of sexual maturation, usually defined as beginning before age 8 in girls and age 9 in boys. It can be caused by genetic factors or physical abnormalities affecting the hypothalamus or other parts of the hormonal system. Symptoms in girls include breast development and menstruation, while boys experience genital growth and facial hair. Treatment aims to stop further sexual development using drugs that block hormone production.
Gynecomastia
Gynecomastia is a condition where breast tissue swells in boys and men, causing enlarged breasts. It is usually caused by an imbalance of male and female hormones. Gynecomastia commonly occurs during adolescence, older age, and can be caused by certain medications, diseases, or substance abuse. Evaluation may involve blood tests, imaging scans, and biopsies to determine the cause. Treatment options include antiestrogen medications, surgery to remove breast tissue or fat, and lifestyle changes to prevent future occurrence.
Precocious puberty
1) Precocious puberty is the onset of secondary sexual characteristics before age 8 in girls and age 9 in boys. It can be caused by premature activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (central) or premature sex hormone secretion from other sources like the adrenal glands (peripheral).
2) Treatment involves suppressing sex hormone production using GnRH analogues to stop further sexual development and rapid growth. This helps preserve final adult height.
3) Pubertal development is assessed using the Tanner stages, which evaluate breast/genital development and pubic hair growth. Precocious puberty disrupts the normal timing and progression of these stages.
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Gigantism
Gigantism is caused by an excess of growth hormone, most commonly from a noncancerous tumor of the pituitary gland. Symptoms include abnormally large stature, delayed puberty, vision problems, and enlarged features of the hands, feet and face. Treatment options include removing the tumor through surgery or the nose, medications to reduce growth hormone levels, and radiation therapy which can normalize hormone levels over 5-10 years. Diagnosis involves scans of the pituitary gland, failure of GH levels to suppress after a glucose challenge, and high levels of prolactin and IGF-I.
Gigantism
Gigantism is caused by an excess of growth hormone, usually from a noncancerous tumor on the pituitary gland. Symptoms include above average height, delayed puberty, vision problems, headaches, and large hands and feet. Diagnosis involves CT/MRI scans and blood tests showing high growth hormone and IGF-1 levels. Treatment options include medications, radiation therapy, and surgery to remove the tumor.
Gigantism
Gigantism is a rare condition caused by excessive growth hormone production, usually from a noncancerous pituitary tumor, resulting in abnormal growth and size in children. Symptoms include increased height and size of body parts like hands and feet. Diagnosis involves blood tests to measure growth hormone levels and MRI scans to detect pituitary tumors. Treatment aims to stop growth hormone overproduction and may include surgery to remove tumors, medication to shrink tumors or block hormone effects, and gamma knife radiosurgery for tumors not accessible by traditional surgery.
Endocrinologyprojectbyobe
Panhypopituitarism is a condition where the anterior pituitary gland does not produce sufficient hormones, resulting in the destruction or malfunction of the gland. It can be congenital or develop over time. Gigantism occurs pre-puberty and is caused by excessive growth hormone during development, resulting in extreme height. Acromegaly occurs post-puberty and is also due to excessive growth hormone, causing enlarged hands, feet, and facial features. Both can be caused by non-cancerous pituitary tumors and are treated through surgery, medication, or radiation therapy to regulate hormone levels.
Disorders of the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus
This document discusses two pituitary gland disorders: Acromegaly and Cushing's disease. Acromegaly is caused by excessive growth hormone production after puberty, causing enlarged hands, feet, and face. It is usually caused by a pituitary adenoma. Treatment involves surgery to remove the adenoma, followed by medication such as somatostatin analogs if needed. Cushing's disease results from excessive cortisol secretion by the pituitary gland and presents with high blood pressure, glucose intolerance, and fat redistribution. Its treatment involves locating and removing the cause, such as a pituitary adenoma, through surgery.
Precocious
Precocious puberty is an early onset of sexual maturation, usually defined as beginning before age 8 in girls and age 9 in boys. It can be caused by genetic factors or physical abnormalities affecting the hypothalamus or other parts of the hormonal system. Symptoms in girls include breast development and menstruation, while boys experience genital growth and facial hair. Treatment aims to stop further sexual development using drugs that block hormone production.
Gynecomastia
Gynecomastia is a condition where breast tissue swells in boys and men, causing enlarged breasts. It is usually caused by an imbalance of male and female hormones. Gynecomastia commonly occurs during adolescence, older age, and can be caused by certain medications, diseases, or substance abuse. Evaluation may involve blood tests, imaging scans, and biopsies to determine the cause. Treatment options include antiestrogen medications, surgery to remove breast tissue or fat, and lifestyle changes to prevent future occurrence.
Precocious puberty
1) Precocious puberty is the onset of secondary sexual characteristics before age 8 in girls and age 9 in boys. It can be caused by premature activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (central) or premature sex hormone secretion from other sources like the adrenal glands (peripheral).
2) Treatment involves suppressing sex hormone production using GnRH analogues to stop further sexual development and rapid growth. This helps preserve final adult height.
3) Pubertal development is assessed using the Tanner stages, which evaluate breast/genital development and pubic hair growth. Precocious puberty disrupts the normal timing and progression of these stages.
Pituitary tumor powerpoint table 3
A pituitary tumor is caused by an abnormal growth in the pituitary gland located at the base of the brain. While most pituitary tumors are benign and asymptomatic, they can cause headaches, vision changes, and hormonal imbalances if they compress or damage the pituitary gland. Treatment options include surgery to remove the tumor, radiation therapy, and medications to shrink the tumor. Complications may include blindness if the optic nerve is damaged or permanent hormone imbalances.
Precocious puberty ppt
Precocious puberty refers to the early onset of sexual maturation before 8 years in girls and 9 years in boys. It can be classified as true precocious puberty, which is GnRH-dependent, or pseudoprecocious puberty, which is GnRH-independent. Evaluation involves physical exam, lab tests, imaging and bone age assessment. Treatment depends on the type but may include GnRH analogues to suppress early puberty.
Seminar Acromegaly 140123035403-phpapp02
This document discusses acromegaly, a condition caused by excessive growth hormone production leading to disproportionate skeletal and soft tissue growth. It begins by describing the causes and effects of excess growth hormone, then discusses clinical features of acromegaly including organ enlargement and metabolic complications. The document outlines diagnostic tests for acromegaly focusing on growth hormone and IGF-1 levels. Treatment aims to control growth hormone levels and includes surgery, radiation therapy, somatostatin analogues, dopamine agonists, and growth hormone antagonists.
Gynaecomastia
Gynaecomastia is the benign proliferation of breast tissue in men, characterized by a palpable, firm, subareolar mass. It occurs in 35% of men and is most common between ages 50-69. Gynaecomastia is typically caused by an imbalance of estrogen and androgen levels, and can be due to physiological changes, certain drugs, or underlying diseases. A history, physical exam, and consideration of potential causes are used to diagnose gynaecomastia. Surgery may be used to treat persistent or painful gynaecomastia once other treatment options are exhausted.
Gynecomastia
Gynecomastia is the abnormal enlargement of breast tissue in males, caused by an imbalance of estrogen and androgen hormones. It is a common condition, affecting around 35% of men. Adolescent gynecomastia is normal and often temporary. Causes include medical conditions, medications, and tumors. Evaluation involves history, exam, and sometimes imaging to rule out other conditions. Treatment options include lifestyle changes, medications like tamoxifen, and surgery to remove breast tissue.
Gyn Hyperprolactinemia
Hyperprolactinemia is a condition of elevated levels of the hormone prolactin in the blood. Prolactin is normally produced by the pituitary gland and its main functions are to induce breast development during pregnancy and stimulate lactation. Common causes of hyperprolactinemia include pregnancy, medications that affect dopamine levels, hypothyroidism, and pituitary tumors. Symptoms in women include galactorrhea (non-pregnancy related breast milk production), menstrual irregularities, and infertility. Treatment options aim to suppress prolactin levels and reduce tumor size, with dopamine agonists being the first-line medical treatment.
Precocious Puberty
Precocious puberty refers to the onset of sexual maturation before age 8 in girls and age 9 in boys. Common signs in girls include breast development, pubic hair growth, growth spurts, and menstruation. In boys, signs are enlargement of the testes or penis, pubic hair growth, growth spurts, and voice deepening. The causes can include brain injuries, infections, thyroid issues, or primary sex organ abnormalities. Treatment involves lowering sex hormone levels with medications like LHRH to stop further sexual development. Supporting the child emotionally is also important.
Gynecomastia by Dr Shahjada Selim
This document provides information on gynecomastia (male breast enlargement) including its definition, epidemiology, etiology, evaluation, and treatment. It notes that gynecomastia is common in newborns, adolescents, and older men due to hormonal changes. The cause is typically an imbalance of estrogens and androgens. Evaluation involves history, exam, and targeted lab tests. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include reassurance, treating the cause, antiestrogens like tamoxifen, or surgery.
Gyneacomastia
Gynecomastia is the swelling of breast tissue in males caused by an imbalance of hormones like estrogen and testosterone. It can affect one or both breasts and causes symptoms like swollen or tender breasts. While usually not a health risk, it can cause psychological problems due to appearance. Risk factors include certain drugs and medications, and treatment options range from medication to surgical procedures like liposuction or mastectomy.
Acromegaly
This document discusses acromegaly, an endocrine disorder caused by excessive growth hormone levels in adulthood. It causes enlargement of bones in the head, hands, and feet as well as soft tissue swelling. Acromegaly is usually caused by benign tumors on the pituitary gland that excessively secrete growth hormone. The symptoms include abnormal bone growth, soft tissue swelling, excessive sweating, fatigue, and joint pain.
How to be taller after 18
There are several possible ways for an individual to potentially increase their height even after reaching 18 years of age. Proper nutrition, adequate sleep, exercise and maintaining an ideal body weight can help stimulate further growth. Specifically, consuming a diet rich in protein, calcium, vitamins D and A along with getting 8-11 hours of sleep per night can help promote the release of human growth hormone and allow for additional bone growth.
A young boy with signs of puberty
This case discusses a 7-year-old boy presenting with early signs of puberty over the past 5-6 months. Laboratory tests showed elevated levels of testosterone, LH, and FSH, confirming precocious puberty. A GnRH stimulation test showed an LH spike, indicating central precocious puberty. The patient was diagnosed with idiopathic central precocious puberty and prescribed injections of Decapeptyl to delay further pubertal progression until age 11 in order to avoid short adult stature. The document discusses evaluation and management of precocious puberty.
Precocious puberty
Precocious puberty is when sexual and physical maturation occurs earlier than normal. It can begin as early as age 6-7 in girls and before age 9 in boys. This is caused by the early release of hormones from the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Treatment aims to stop further sexual development and rapid growth to allow children to reach their full adult height. Medications that block sex hormones are commonly used, and can help reverse physical changes and return behavior to age-appropriate levels. Precocious puberty affects girls more often than boys and carries health risks if not properly treated.
Precocious puberty
This document discusses precocious puberty in a 3 year old girl. On examination, she had breast enlargement and pubic hair development consistent with Tanner stages B3 and Ph2. Lab tests found elevated LH and FSH. Ultrasound showed enlarged uterus and ovaries. The document then reviews physiology of puberty, Tanner staging of breast and pubic hair development, defines precocious puberty, and discusses causes and treatment options like GnRH agonists or surgery.
Erectile dysfunction (ed)
Erectile dysfunction results from problems affecting the brain, hormones, emotions, nerves, muscles or blood vessels involved in male arousal. It is defined as the inability to achieve or maintain an erection firm enough for sex. Common causes include heart disease, diabetes, smoking, obesity, and certain medications. Evaluation may involve physical exams, blood tests, and questionnaires to check for underlying physical or psychological conditions. Treatment options include oral medications, injections, suppositories, testosterone replacement, and penile prostheses or revascularization surgery if medications are not effective.
Gynaecomastia
Gynecomastia is the development of breast tissue in males. It commonly occurs during puberty in over half of boys and resolves on its own. It can also occur in older men. The breast tissue may appear as a lump and can affect one or both breasts. Causes include drugs, medical conditions, or idiopathic factors. Evaluation involves history, exam, and potential lab tests or imaging. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include watchful waiting, medications, liposuction, or surgical excision. Surgical procedures carry risks of numbness, blood supply issues, irregular contours, or infections.
Precocious Puberty
Precocious puberty refers to the onset of puberty before age 8 in girls and age 9 in boys. It can be caused by central activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis or peripheral problems affecting the ovaries, testes or adrenal glands. Treatment typically involves suppressing early hormone production through GnRH analogues to delay puberty and allow for normal adult height. Parents can help children cope by educating them about the changes, monitoring for emotional impacts, and offering praise and support through participation in other activities rather than focusing on appearance.
Disorders of puberty.pptx 2
The document discusses various topics related to puberty, including definitions of key terms, the normal sequence and timing of pubertal changes, causes and treatment of precocious and delayed puberty, and case studies. Precocious puberty can be true/idiopathic, due to tumors or other medical issues, or pseudopuberty caused by medication or conditions like premature adrenarche. Delayed puberty may be due to constitutional delay, medical issues impairing the HPA axis, or prior treatments like radiation therapy. Evaluation and management depends on the underlying cause and aim to initiate puberty normally or replace missing hormones.
Disorders of pituitary gland
The document discusses disorders of the pituitary gland, including gigantism, acromegaly, Cushing's disease, and acromegalic gigantism. Gigantism occurs when excess growth hormone is produced in childhood, leading to abnormal growth and heights over 7 feet. Acromegaly occurs when excess growth hormone is produced in adulthood, causing enlarged hands, feet, and face. Cushing's disease is caused by excess cortisol production due to a pituitary tumor secreting ACTH. It results in central obesity, purple stretch marks, and a rounded "moon face."
Disorders of pituitary_gland-
The document discusses disorders of the pituitary gland. It begins by explaining that the pituitary gland regulates growth and other glands in the body. Pituitary disorders can cause too much or too little hormone production. The most common cause of pituitary disorders is a pituitary tumor. Specific disorders discussed include gigantism, acromegaly, Cushing's disease, and others. Causes, signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests, and treatment options are provided for each disorder.
Acromegaly.pptx
This document provides an overview of acromegaly, a rare disorder caused by excessive growth hormone production in adults. It discusses that acromegaly is usually caused by non-cancerous pituitary tumors and results in enlarged hands, feet, and facial features. Diagnosis involves blood tests, imaging, and assessing for high IGF-1 and low growth hormone levels after suppression. Treatment aims to control tumor size and hormone levels and includes surgery to remove tumors, medication to block hormone production and action, and radiation therapy. The goals are to manage symptoms and risks like joint pain and heart disease.
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Pituitary tumor powerpoint table 3
A pituitary tumor is caused by an abnormal growth in the pituitary gland located at the base of the brain. While most pituitary tumors are benign and asymptomatic, they can cause headaches, vision changes, and hormonal imbalances if they compress or damage the pituitary gland. Treatment options include surgery to remove the tumor, radiation therapy, and medications to shrink the tumor. Complications may include blindness if the optic nerve is damaged or permanent hormone imbalances.
Precocious puberty ppt
Precocious puberty refers to the early onset of sexual maturation before 8 years in girls and 9 years in boys. It can be classified as true precocious puberty, which is GnRH-dependent, or pseudoprecocious puberty, which is GnRH-independent. Evaluation involves physical exam, lab tests, imaging and bone age assessment. Treatment depends on the type but may include GnRH analogues to suppress early puberty.
Seminar Acromegaly 140123035403-phpapp02
This document discusses acromegaly, a condition caused by excessive growth hormone production leading to disproportionate skeletal and soft tissue growth. It begins by describing the causes and effects of excess growth hormone, then discusses clinical features of acromegaly including organ enlargement and metabolic complications. The document outlines diagnostic tests for acromegaly focusing on growth hormone and IGF-1 levels. Treatment aims to control growth hormone levels and includes surgery, radiation therapy, somatostatin analogues, dopamine agonists, and growth hormone antagonists.
Gynaecomastia
Gynaecomastia is the benign proliferation of breast tissue in men, characterized by a palpable, firm, subareolar mass. It occurs in 35% of men and is most common between ages 50-69. Gynaecomastia is typically caused by an imbalance of estrogen and androgen levels, and can be due to physiological changes, certain drugs, or underlying diseases. A history, physical exam, and consideration of potential causes are used to diagnose gynaecomastia. Surgery may be used to treat persistent or painful gynaecomastia once other treatment options are exhausted.
Gynecomastia
Gynecomastia is the abnormal enlargement of breast tissue in males, caused by an imbalance of estrogen and androgen hormones. It is a common condition, affecting around 35% of men. Adolescent gynecomastia is normal and often temporary. Causes include medical conditions, medications, and tumors. Evaluation involves history, exam, and sometimes imaging to rule out other conditions. Treatment options include lifestyle changes, medications like tamoxifen, and surgery to remove breast tissue.
Gyn Hyperprolactinemia
Hyperprolactinemia is a condition of elevated levels of the hormone prolactin in the blood. Prolactin is normally produced by the pituitary gland and its main functions are to induce breast development during pregnancy and stimulate lactation. Common causes of hyperprolactinemia include pregnancy, medications that affect dopamine levels, hypothyroidism, and pituitary tumors. Symptoms in women include galactorrhea (non-pregnancy related breast milk production), menstrual irregularities, and infertility. Treatment options aim to suppress prolactin levels and reduce tumor size, with dopamine agonists being the first-line medical treatment.
Precocious Puberty
Precocious puberty refers to the onset of sexual maturation before age 8 in girls and age 9 in boys. Common signs in girls include breast development, pubic hair growth, growth spurts, and menstruation. In boys, signs are enlargement of the testes or penis, pubic hair growth, growth spurts, and voice deepening. The causes can include brain injuries, infections, thyroid issues, or primary sex organ abnormalities. Treatment involves lowering sex hormone levels with medications like LHRH to stop further sexual development. Supporting the child emotionally is also important.
Gynecomastia by Dr Shahjada Selim
This document provides information on gynecomastia (male breast enlargement) including its definition, epidemiology, etiology, evaluation, and treatment. It notes that gynecomastia is common in newborns, adolescents, and older men due to hormonal changes. The cause is typically an imbalance of estrogens and androgens. Evaluation involves history, exam, and targeted lab tests. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include reassurance, treating the cause, antiestrogens like tamoxifen, or surgery.
Gyneacomastia
Gynecomastia is the swelling of breast tissue in males caused by an imbalance of hormones like estrogen and testosterone. It can affect one or both breasts and causes symptoms like swollen or tender breasts. While usually not a health risk, it can cause psychological problems due to appearance. Risk factors include certain drugs and medications, and treatment options range from medication to surgical procedures like liposuction or mastectomy.
Acromegaly
This document discusses acromegaly, an endocrine disorder caused by excessive growth hormone levels in adulthood. It causes enlargement of bones in the head, hands, and feet as well as soft tissue swelling. Acromegaly is usually caused by benign tumors on the pituitary gland that excessively secrete growth hormone. The symptoms include abnormal bone growth, soft tissue swelling, excessive sweating, fatigue, and joint pain.
How to be taller after 18
There are several possible ways for an individual to potentially increase their height even after reaching 18 years of age. Proper nutrition, adequate sleep, exercise and maintaining an ideal body weight can help stimulate further growth. Specifically, consuming a diet rich in protein, calcium, vitamins D and A along with getting 8-11 hours of sleep per night can help promote the release of human growth hormone and allow for additional bone growth.
A young boy with signs of puberty
This case discusses a 7-year-old boy presenting with early signs of puberty over the past 5-6 months. Laboratory tests showed elevated levels of testosterone, LH, and FSH, confirming precocious puberty. A GnRH stimulation test showed an LH spike, indicating central precocious puberty. The patient was diagnosed with idiopathic central precocious puberty and prescribed injections of Decapeptyl to delay further pubertal progression until age 11 in order to avoid short adult stature. The document discusses evaluation and management of precocious puberty.
Precocious puberty
Precocious puberty is when sexual and physical maturation occurs earlier than normal. It can begin as early as age 6-7 in girls and before age 9 in boys. This is caused by the early release of hormones from the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Treatment aims to stop further sexual development and rapid growth to allow children to reach their full adult height. Medications that block sex hormones are commonly used, and can help reverse physical changes and return behavior to age-appropriate levels. Precocious puberty affects girls more often than boys and carries health risks if not properly treated.
Precocious puberty
This document discusses precocious puberty in a 3 year old girl. On examination, she had breast enlargement and pubic hair development consistent with Tanner stages B3 and Ph2. Lab tests found elevated LH and FSH. Ultrasound showed enlarged uterus and ovaries. The document then reviews physiology of puberty, Tanner staging of breast and pubic hair development, defines precocious puberty, and discusses causes and treatment options like GnRH agonists or surgery.
Erectile dysfunction (ed)
Erectile dysfunction results from problems affecting the brain, hormones, emotions, nerves, muscles or blood vessels involved in male arousal. It is defined as the inability to achieve or maintain an erection firm enough for sex. Common causes include heart disease, diabetes, smoking, obesity, and certain medications. Evaluation may involve physical exams, blood tests, and questionnaires to check for underlying physical or psychological conditions. Treatment options include oral medications, injections, suppositories, testosterone replacement, and penile prostheses or revascularization surgery if medications are not effective.
Gynaecomastia
Gynecomastia is the development of breast tissue in males. It commonly occurs during puberty in over half of boys and resolves on its own. It can also occur in older men. The breast tissue may appear as a lump and can affect one or both breasts. Causes include drugs, medical conditions, or idiopathic factors. Evaluation involves history, exam, and potential lab tests or imaging. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include watchful waiting, medications, liposuction, or surgical excision. Surgical procedures carry risks of numbness, blood supply issues, irregular contours, or infections.
Precocious Puberty
Precocious puberty refers to the onset of puberty before age 8 in girls and age 9 in boys. It can be caused by central activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis or peripheral problems affecting the ovaries, testes or adrenal glands. Treatment typically involves suppressing early hormone production through GnRH analogues to delay puberty and allow for normal adult height. Parents can help children cope by educating them about the changes, monitoring for emotional impacts, and offering praise and support through participation in other activities rather than focusing on appearance.
Disorders of puberty.pptx 2
The document discusses various topics related to puberty, including definitions of key terms, the normal sequence and timing of pubertal changes, causes and treatment of precocious and delayed puberty, and case studies. Precocious puberty can be true/idiopathic, due to tumors or other medical issues, or pseudopuberty caused by medication or conditions like premature adrenarche. Delayed puberty may be due to constitutional delay, medical issues impairing the HPA axis, or prior treatments like radiation therapy. Evaluation and management depends on the underlying cause and aim to initiate puberty normally or replace missing hormones.
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Similar to Gigantism
Disorders of pituitary gland
The document discusses disorders of the pituitary gland, including gigantism, acromegaly, Cushing's disease, and acromegalic gigantism. Gigantism occurs when excess growth hormone is produced in childhood, leading to abnormal growth and heights over 7 feet. Acromegaly occurs when excess growth hormone is produced in adulthood, causing enlarged hands, feet, and face. Cushing's disease is caused by excess cortisol production due to a pituitary tumor secreting ACTH. It results in central obesity, purple stretch marks, and a rounded "moon face."
Disorders of pituitary_gland-
The document discusses disorders of the pituitary gland. It begins by explaining that the pituitary gland regulates growth and other glands in the body. Pituitary disorders can cause too much or too little hormone production. The most common cause of pituitary disorders is a pituitary tumor. Specific disorders discussed include gigantism, acromegaly, Cushing's disease, and others. Causes, signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests, and treatment options are provided for each disorder.
Acromegaly.pptx
This document provides an overview of acromegaly, a rare disorder caused by excessive growth hormone production in adults. It discusses that acromegaly is usually caused by non-cancerous pituitary tumors and results in enlarged hands, feet, and facial features. Diagnosis involves blood tests, imaging, and assessing for high IGF-1 and low growth hormone levels after suppression. Treatment aims to control tumor size and hormone levels and includes surgery to remove tumors, medication to block hormone production and action, and radiation therapy. The goals are to manage symptoms and risks like joint pain and heart disease.
Diagnosis of pcos
PCOS is diagnosed based on the presence of at least two of the following three criteria: hyperandrogenism, ovarian dysfunction, and the exclusion of related disorders. Hyperandrogenism is demonstrated through clinical signs such as hirsutism or biochemical signs such as elevated testosterone. Ovarian dysfunction is shown by oligoanovulation or polycystic ovaries on ultrasound. PCOS is associated with insulin resistance and increased risk of metabolic disorders. Differential diagnoses that need to be excluded include thyroid disease, hyperprolactinemia, non-classical CAH, and other androgen-secreting tumors.
Endocrine DIseases
The document provides information about the endocrine system and endocrine diseases. It describes the key glands that make up the endocrine system, including the pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, pancreas, testes, ovaries, and parathyroid glands. It then discusses several common endocrine diseases affecting these glands, including pituitary adenomas, Graves' disease, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, Cushing's disease, and diabetes insipidus. The causes, signs, and symptoms of each disease are summarized. In general, endocrine diseases result from hormone imbalances or lesions in the endocrine system that affect hormone production and regulation of important body functions.
GYNECOMASTIA.pptx
Gynecomastia is the benign enlargement of male breast tissue, affecting 35% of men. It is caused by an imbalance of estrogen and androgen levels. Physiologic causes include puberty and aging. Non-physiologic causes include drugs, chronic diseases, tumors, and hypogonadism. Diagnosis involves physical exam, lab tests, and imaging. Treatment options include medications like tamoxifen or surgery. Surgery involves removal of breast tissue and is recommended if gynecomastia persists for over a year. Complications of surgery can include scarring, infection, or asymmetry.
Acromegaly
Acromegaly is a condition caused by excessive growth hormone (GH) secretion after epiphyseal plate closure in adults. It results in enlargement of extremities, soft tissues, and internal organs. The presentation outlines the physiology of GH, epidemiology, etiology as pituitary adenomas in most cases, pathogenesis involving mutations, clinical features, investigations including MRI and biochemical testing, and treatment with surgery, radiation, and medical management to suppress GH and normalize IGF-1 levels. Long term monitoring is needed to manage comorbidities like cardiovascular and respiratory complications. While challenging, a multidisciplinary approach can help reduce mortality and morbidity from acromegaly.
Gigantism
When too much growth hormone is secreted that augments the growth of muscle, bones, and connective tissue in childhood or adolescence before the end of puberty, the condition is called Gigantism.
Acromegaly & gigantism
Acromegaly and gigantism are chronic metabolic disorders caused by excessive growth hormone levels. Acromegaly occurs in adulthood after bone growth plates have closed, causing tissue enlargement. Gigantism occurs in childhood before plate closure, resulting in abnormally large growth. Both are usually due to noncancerous pituitary tumors that overproduce growth hormone, leading to increased insulin-like growth factor levels and symptoms like enlarged hands, feet and head. Diagnosis involves blood tests and imaging to identify the source of excess growth hormone. Treatment focuses on surgery, radiation or medications to reduce hormone levels and stop further growth.
Hirsutism
This document summarizes key aspects of hair growth and disorders of excessive hair growth or hirsutism. It discusses the typical hair follicle cycle and differences between vellus and terminal hair. Common causes of hirsutism include polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and androgen-secreting tumors. Evaluation involves assessing degree of hair growth and signs of virilization, with lab tests to identify underlying etiology. Treatment aims to suppress androgens and may include weight loss, oral contraceptives, antiandrogens like spironolactone, and sometimes surgery or medication targeting the specific hormone excess.
Pituitary gland disorders
The pituitary gland sits at the base of the brain and controls many other glands. Acromegaly is caused by excess growth hormone after growth plate closure, usually due to a pituitary adenoma. Complications include joint and bone problems, high blood pressure, diabetes, and increased cancer risk. Treatment involves surgery, medication, or radiation. Dwarfism is defined as adult height under 4'10" and has many causes and health issues. The pituitary also regulates water balance, and disorders like SIADH cause inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion leading to hyponatremia.
Clinical Case (Acromegaly)
A 45-year-old woman presented with enlarged hands and changes in her facial features including protruding eyebrows and spaces in her teeth. These symptoms suggest a diagnosis of acromegaly, a rare disease caused by excessive growth hormone secretion from a pituitary tumor. The document outlines questions to ask in a history for acromegaly and details its signs, causes, diagnosis involving blood tests and imaging, treatment options including surgery and medication, and complications if left untreated.
Hirsutism for undergraduate
undergraduate course lectures in Obstetrics&Gynecology prepared by DR Manal Behery Professor of OB &Gyne Faculty of medicine ,Zagazig University
hirsutism.pptx
Hirsutism is defined as excessive hair growth in a male pattern in women. It is caused by increased androgen levels and the most common causes are idiopathic hirsutism and polycystic ovary syndrome. Virilization refers to hirsutism accompanied by other signs of androgen excess like acne, balding and deepening of the voice. Investigations aim to determine the cause of excess androgen levels and treatment options include lifestyle changes, cosmetic hair removal techniques, oral contraceptives, anti-androgens and metformin. Hirsutism can negatively impact quality of life and mental health.
Endocrinology diseases.pptx
The document discusses several endocrine diseases and disorders including:
- Gigantism and acromegaly, which are caused by excess growth hormone secretion from pituitary tumors in childhood and adulthood respectively.
- Addison's disease, which occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough cortisol and aldosterone hormones.
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es lab
This document summarizes the classification of Graves' ophthalmopathy into 6 classes based on clinical features. It also discusses using thyroglobulin as a marker to monitor thyroid cancer treatment response and outlines stimulation tests used to evaluate the pituitary-hypothalamic-adrenal axis. Key points include using GH and IGF-1 to diagnose acromegaly and evaluating cortisol response to determine ACTH sufficiency.
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Gigantism 120223070434-phpapp01
Gigantism is a condition caused by excess growth hormone during childhood that results in abnormally tall stature. Symptoms include delayed puberty, double vision, headaches, and enlarged hands and feet. It is usually caused by a noncancerous tumor on the pituitary gland that excessively secretes growth hormone. Treatment options include medications to reduce growth hormone levels, radiation therapy, and surgical removal of the tumor. Diagnosis involves MRI or CT scans and testing for failure to suppress growth hormone after a glucose challenge.
Gigantism
Gigantism is a condition where excessive growth hormone levels during adolescence result in abnormally large growth and size. The main symptoms are being significantly taller than average, delayed puberty, and double vision or impaired side vision. It is usually caused by a noncancerous tumor on the pituitary gland that excessively produces growth hormone. Treatment options include medications to reduce growth hormone levels, radiation therapy, or surgical removal of the tumor.
Menieresdisease2 120207070211-phpapp02
Meniere's disease is a disorder of the inner ear that causes severe dizziness, hearing loss, and tinnitus. It results from a buildup of fluid in the inner ear that affects the balance system. While the cause is unknown, it may be related to issues with blood flow or genetic factors. Symptoms include episodes of vertigo lasting over 20 minutes along with temporary hearing loss and a feeling of fullness in the ear. Doctors diagnose Meniere's disease based on these symptoms occurring repeatedly. There is no cure, but treatment focuses on relieving symptoms like vertigo and hearing loss through dietary changes, medication, or surgery in severe cases.
Meniere’s disease 2
Meniere's disease causes severe dizziness, ringing in the ears, and eventual hearing loss. It results from a buildup of fluid in the inner ear which disrupts normal balance. While the exact cause is unknown, it may be related to issues with blood flow or genetics. Symptoms include episodes of vertigo and fluctuating hearing loss. Diagnosis involves identifying these symptoms, and treatment focuses on managing dizziness through medication and lifestyle changes while researchers work to better understand the disease and develop new treatments.
Meniere’s disease 2
Meniere's disease causes severe dizziness, ringing in the ears, and eventual hearing loss. It results from a buildup of fluid in the inner ear which disrupts normal balance. While the exact cause is unknown, it may be related to issues with blood flow or genetics. Symptoms include episodes of vertigo and fluctuating hearing loss. Diagnosis involves identifying these symptoms, and treatment focuses on managing dizziness through medication and lifestyle changes while researchers work to better understand the disease and develop new treatments.
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Meniere’s disease
Meniere's disease causes severe dizziness, ringing in the ears, hearing loss, and a feeling of fullness in the ear. It occurs when fluid builds up in the inner ear, disrupting the normal balance of endolymph fluid and affecting the semicircular canals responsible for balance. While the exact cause is unknown, it may be related to issues with blood vessel restriction or genetic abnormalities related to endolymph fluid regulation. The disease does not target a specific age, race, or sex and usually only affects one ear.
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Gigantism
- 1. Gigantism Table 4 Kevin Knox, Kaley Miller, Hailey Ray, Ashley Spaulding
- 2. Causes • Excess of growth hormone (Acromegaly) • Most commonly: Noncancerous(adenoma) tumor of the pituitary gland • Carney complex
- 3. Symptoms • Pretty big people (usually two standard deviations above normal height should be) • Delayed puberty • Double vision or difficulty with side vision • Bulging forehead • Headaches • Increased sweating • Irregular periods (females) • Large hands and feet with large fingers and toes • Release of breast milk • Thickening of facial features • Weakness
- 4. Possible solutions • Removal of tumor on pituitary through endonasal surgery (through nose) • Medications that reduce growth hormone release such as somatostain analogs • Dopamine aganoists but they are the least effective • Radiation therapy can be used to bring the growth hormone level back to normal but it take 5 to 10 years to take full effect and often effects other pituitary hormones
- 5. Exams and Tests • CT or MRI scans • Failure to suppress serum growth hormone (GH) levels after an oral glucose challenge (maximum 75g) • High prolactin levels • Increased insulin growth factor-I (IGF-I) levels
- 6. Miscellaneous • Female to male ratio of 1:2 (twice as common in males) • Commonly occurs with Acromegaly • App