This document discusses Gi-Fi or Gigabit Wireless, a new wireless technology that allows data transfer speeds up to 5 gigabits per second using the 60GHz frequency band. It operates within a 10 meter range and measures only 5mm square. The document compares Gi-Fi to Bluetooth and Wi-Fi, noting Gi-Fi's higher speeds and lower power consumption. Potential applications of Gi-Fi include wireless home and office appliances, video transfer systems, and inter-vehicle communication. Gi-Fi is expected to become the dominant wireless technology for networking within five years.
Gi-Fi or gigabit wireless refers to a wireless communication at a data rate of more than one billion bits (gigabit) per second.
By 2004 some trade press used the term "Gi-Fi" to refer to faster versions of the IEEE 802.11 standards marketed under the trademark Wi-Fi.[1]
In 2008 researchers at the University of Melbourne demonstrated a transceiver integrated on a single integrated circuit (chip) that operated at 60 GHz on the CMOS process.[2] It will allow wireless transfer of audio and video data at up to 5 gigabits per second, ten times the current maximum wireless transfer rate, at one-tenth the cost. Researchers chose the 57–64 GHz unlicensed frequency band since the millimetre-wave range of the spectrum allowed high component on-chip integration as well as the integration of very small high gain arrays. The available 7 GHz of spectrum results in very high data rates, up to 5 gigabits per second to users within an indoor environment, usually within a range of 10 metres.[2] Some press reports called this "GiFi".[3][4] It was developed by Melbourne University-based laboratories of NICTA (National ICT Australia Limited), Australia’s Information and Communications Technology Research Centre of Excellence.[3]
In 2009, the Wireless Gigabit Alliance was formed. It used the term "WiGig" which avoided trademark confusion
Gi-Fi or gigabit wireless refers to a wireless communication at a data rate of more than one billion bits (gigabit) per second.
By 2004 some trade press used the term "Gi-Fi" to refer to faster versions of the IEEE 802.11 standards marketed under the trademark Wi-Fi.[1]
In 2008 researchers at the University of Melbourne demonstrated a transceiver integrated on a single integrated circuit (chip) that operated at 60 GHz on the CMOS process.[2] It will allow wireless transfer of audio and video data at up to 5 gigabits per second, ten times the current maximum wireless transfer rate, at one-tenth the cost. Researchers chose the 57–64 GHz unlicensed frequency band since the millimetre-wave range of the spectrum allowed high component on-chip integration as well as the integration of very small high gain arrays. The available 7 GHz of spectrum results in very high data rates, up to 5 gigabits per second to users within an indoor environment, usually within a range of 10 metres.[2] Some press reports called this "GiFi".[3][4] It was developed by Melbourne University-based laboratories of NICTA (National ICT Australia Limited), Australia’s Information and Communications Technology Research Centre of Excellence.[3]
In 2009, the Wireless Gigabit Alliance was formed. It used the term "WiGig" which avoided trademark confusion
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
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Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
2. Contents :
Introduction to Gi-Fi
Network Evolution
Why Gi-Fi
Comparision of bluetooth and Wi-Fi with Gi-Fi
Disadvantage of bluetooth and Wi-Fi
Architecture of Gi-Fi
Working of Gi-Fi
3. Features of Gi-Fi
Applications of Gi-Fi
Technology Consideration
Conclusion
References
4. Introduction to Gi-Fi :
Gi-Fi or Gigabit Wireless is the world's first
transceiver integrated on a single chip that operates
at 60GHz on the CMOS process.
Gi-Fi allows wireless transfer of audio and video
data up to 5 gigabits per second.
Gi-Fi is ten times the current maximum wireless
transfer rate usually within a range of 10 meters.
5. The GiFi operates on the 60GHz frequency band.
The GiFi measures 5mm square and it is
manufactured using existing complementary metal
– oxide-semiconductor(CMOS) technology.
It was developed at the National Information And
Communication Technology Research Center in
MELBOURNE,AUSTRALIA.
7. The reason for pushing into Gi-Fi
technology is because of
slow rate,
high power consumption,
low range of frequency
operations of earlier technologies
i.e. Bluetooth and Wi-Fi.
Why Gi-Fi ?
9. characteristics Bluetooth Wi-Fi Gi-Fi
Frequency 24GHz 24GHz 60GHz
Range 10 meter 100meters 10meters
Primary
application
WPAN cable replacement WLAN Ethernet Embedded in
devices
Data transfer rate 800 Kbps 11Mbps 5Gigabps
Power
consumption
5mw 10mw 2mw
Primary devices Mobile phones,PDAs,consumer
electronics,office and industrial
devices
Notebooks,deskto
p computer
Fax,Printer,
Cellular phones
Primary uses Travelling employees,electronics
consumers,office ad industrial
workers
corporate users Wireless Home
& office
appliances ,etc.
Usage location Anywhere atleast two bluetooth
device exist-ideal for roaming
outside buildings
Within range of
WLAN
infrastructure,usu
ally inside a
buildings
WPAN
Networks
Specification Bluetooth S&G IEEE 802.11b,WBCA IEEE 802.15.3C
10. Disadvantages of Bluetooth & Wi-Fi
The bit rates of Bluetooth is
800Kbps and Wi-Fi has 11Mbps
Both are having power
consumptions 5mw and 10mw
The lower frequency of
operation 2.4GHz.For
transferring large amount of
videos, audios, data files take
hours of time.
So, to have higher
data transfer rate at lower
power consumption we move
onto Gi-Fi technology
11. Architecture of Gi-Fi :
It is based on standards of IEEE 802.15.3C
The wireless span is computer network used
for communication among computer devices
(including telephones and personal digital
assistants) close to one person
An 802.15.3c based system often uses small
antenna at the subscriber station. The antenna is
mounted on the roof. It supports line of sight
operation.
12. Working of Gi-Fi
Use of Time Division Duplex for both
transmission and receiving.
Conversion of data from IF range to RF 60Ghz
range.
The incoming RF signal is first down converted to
an IF signal centered at 5 GHz and then to normal
data ranges.
Then use heterodyne principle for this process to
avoid leakages.
And then data is transferred.
13. FEATURES OF GI-FI :
High speed of data transfer
Low power consumption
High security
Cost effective
Small size
Quick deployment
Highly portable,highmobility
14.
15. APPLICATIONS OF GI-FI
1. House hold appliances :
-it makes the wireless home
of the future:
2. Office appliances :
3. Video information
transfer:
17. TECHNOLOGY CONSIDERATIONS :
The Gi-Fi integrated transceiver chip is may be launched by
starting of next year by NICTA,Australia will be first .
Due to less cost of chip so many companies are forward to launch
with lower cost.
The potential of mw-WPAN for ultra fast data exchange has prompted
companies like Intel, LG, Matsushita (Panasonic), NEC, Samsung,
SiBEAM, Sony and Toshiba to form Wireless HD, an industry-led
effort to define a specification for the next generation consumer
electronics products.
18. CONCLUSION :
Within five years, we expect Gi-Fi to be the
dominant technology for wireless networking.
which will develop wire less home and
office of future.
If the success of Wi-Fi and the imminent
wide usage of WiMAX is any indication, Gi-Fi
potentially can bring wireless broadband to the
enterprise in an entirely new way.