Computers are electronic devices that perform calculations and tasks based on instructions. Early computers from the 1800s were programmed using punch cards and the first electric punch card machine was developed in 1886. By 1944, IBM had developed a large machine that could perform basic math operations and refer to tables, representing an important early development in computers. Effective slide design principles include using colors that are visible together, not typing out entire scripts, and avoiding dizzying transition effects.