Objective Capital's Africa Resources Investment Congress 2011
Ironmongers' Hall, City of London
14-15 June 2011
Day 1: Africa Resources
Speaker: Gerry Clarke, Minerals expert
The document discusses the changing global availability of lithium. It notes that world lithium reserves are estimated at 12.6 million tonnes and resources at 32.5 million tonnes. Forecasted global lithium demand is expected to grow from 134,672 tonnes in 2010 to 190,500 tonnes in 2015 and 254,300 tonnes in 2020. Several new lithium mining and production projects are under development that could help meet this increasing demand if brought online successfully. The long-term outlook for sufficient lithium supply depends on the ability of both existing and new projects to ramp up production levels to satisfy cumulative demand growth.
The document summarizes an investment conference presentation on future lithium supplies. The presenter, Gerry Clarke from the International Lithium Alliance, discusses that future lithium demand is expected to double over the next 6 years driven by growth in electric vehicles. However, current global lithium reserves of 7.2 million tonnes may only suffice for a few hundred million electric vehicles. The presenter outlines major current lithium suppliers and reviews prospective new lithium sources and projects under development across North and South America, Africa, Australia, Asia, and Europe to help meet rising demand. Critical factors like resource diversity and geopolitics will also impact long-term lithium supply security.
This document discusses uranium from unconventional resources. It defines unconventional resources as very low-grade resources or those where uranium can only be recovered as a minor by-product. Currently 7% of global uranium production comes from by-products or co-products. Unconventional resources are estimated to be at least 6-7 times more abundant than conventional resources. The document outlines various possible unconventional resource types including intrusive rocks, iron oxide breccias, coal, phosphates, and shale. It argues that extracting uranium from unconventional resources could improve economics through comprehensive extraction of multiple products, and use of innovative technologies. Proper assessment and classification of unconventional resources is needed given their greater abundance than conventional
signumBOX At the Lithium, Supply and Markets Conference in Shanghai 2015.Kirill Klip
Daniela Desormeaux, signumBOX´s General Manager attended the 7th Lithium Supply and Markets Conference that was held in Shanghai, China, from June 17th to June 18th.
In her speach, Daniela explained the lithium regulation in Chile, her participation at the National Lithium Commission and the opportunities for new players in the Country.
The document outlines Atlantic Gold's gold production pipeline in Nova Scotia, Canada. It has assembled over 1.2 million ounces of gold resources across three projects - Touquoy, Cochrane Hill, and exploration lands. Touquoy has reserves of 454,000 ounces and is the next project to advance to development. Cochrane Hill has resources of 549,000 ounces and will next undergo a feasibility study. Atlantic Gold aims to apply its Australian expertise to unlock the potential of Nova Scotia's overlooked goldfields.
(TSX.V-AAL) Small cap lithium exploration & development company. Assets located in Clayton Valley (Nevada) and in the heart of Argentina;s lithium triangle. Award-winning team with strong record in making discoveries and building companies.Company has drilled lithium brine in multiple holes at Clayton Valley, adjacent to Albemarle's lithium brine operation, and is partnered with Orocobre, one of the world's largest lithium producers, on the Cauchari (Argentina) asset, which hosts a a near-surface resource with a large exploration target. Orocobre owns 31% of Advantage.
This document provides an overview of the Tuvatu Gold Project located on the island of Viti Levu, Fiji. It summarizes that Tuvatu is a high-grade, underground gold project that was previously explored and had feasibility studies completed. Lion One Metals acquired the project in 2011 and has since raised over $38 million to further develop it. The document outlines the project's economics from a PEA, including annual gold production of over 260,000 ounces over the first three years at a head grade of 15.3 g/t Au and cash costs of $567/oz. It also highlights the support from the Fijian government and local communities for the project to begin production.
Objective Capital's Africa Resources Investment Congress 2011
Ironmongers' Hall, City of London
14-15 June 2011
Day 1: Africa Resources
Speaker: Gerry Clarke, Minerals expert
The document discusses the changing global availability of lithium. It notes that world lithium reserves are estimated at 12.6 million tonnes and resources at 32.5 million tonnes. Forecasted global lithium demand is expected to grow from 134,672 tonnes in 2010 to 190,500 tonnes in 2015 and 254,300 tonnes in 2020. Several new lithium mining and production projects are under development that could help meet this increasing demand if brought online successfully. The long-term outlook for sufficient lithium supply depends on the ability of both existing and new projects to ramp up production levels to satisfy cumulative demand growth.
The document summarizes an investment conference presentation on future lithium supplies. The presenter, Gerry Clarke from the International Lithium Alliance, discusses that future lithium demand is expected to double over the next 6 years driven by growth in electric vehicles. However, current global lithium reserves of 7.2 million tonnes may only suffice for a few hundred million electric vehicles. The presenter outlines major current lithium suppliers and reviews prospective new lithium sources and projects under development across North and South America, Africa, Australia, Asia, and Europe to help meet rising demand. Critical factors like resource diversity and geopolitics will also impact long-term lithium supply security.
This document discusses uranium from unconventional resources. It defines unconventional resources as very low-grade resources or those where uranium can only be recovered as a minor by-product. Currently 7% of global uranium production comes from by-products or co-products. Unconventional resources are estimated to be at least 6-7 times more abundant than conventional resources. The document outlines various possible unconventional resource types including intrusive rocks, iron oxide breccias, coal, phosphates, and shale. It argues that extracting uranium from unconventional resources could improve economics through comprehensive extraction of multiple products, and use of innovative technologies. Proper assessment and classification of unconventional resources is needed given their greater abundance than conventional
signumBOX At the Lithium, Supply and Markets Conference in Shanghai 2015.Kirill Klip
Daniela Desormeaux, signumBOX´s General Manager attended the 7th Lithium Supply and Markets Conference that was held in Shanghai, China, from June 17th to June 18th.
In her speach, Daniela explained the lithium regulation in Chile, her participation at the National Lithium Commission and the opportunities for new players in the Country.
The document outlines Atlantic Gold's gold production pipeline in Nova Scotia, Canada. It has assembled over 1.2 million ounces of gold resources across three projects - Touquoy, Cochrane Hill, and exploration lands. Touquoy has reserves of 454,000 ounces and is the next project to advance to development. Cochrane Hill has resources of 549,000 ounces and will next undergo a feasibility study. Atlantic Gold aims to apply its Australian expertise to unlock the potential of Nova Scotia's overlooked goldfields.
(TSX.V-AAL) Small cap lithium exploration & development company. Assets located in Clayton Valley (Nevada) and in the heart of Argentina;s lithium triangle. Award-winning team with strong record in making discoveries and building companies.Company has drilled lithium brine in multiple holes at Clayton Valley, adjacent to Albemarle's lithium brine operation, and is partnered with Orocobre, one of the world's largest lithium producers, on the Cauchari (Argentina) asset, which hosts a a near-surface resource with a large exploration target. Orocobre owns 31% of Advantage.
This document provides an overview of the Tuvatu Gold Project located on the island of Viti Levu, Fiji. It summarizes that Tuvatu is a high-grade, underground gold project that was previously explored and had feasibility studies completed. Lion One Metals acquired the project in 2011 and has since raised over $38 million to further develop it. The document outlines the project's economics from a PEA, including annual gold production of over 260,000 ounces over the first three years at a head grade of 15.3 g/t Au and cash costs of $567/oz. It also highlights the support from the Fijian government and local communities for the project to begin production.
This document provides an overview of the Tuvatu Gold Project in Fiji. Key points include:
- Tuvatu is a high-grade, underground gold project with over $50 million in previous development and a proposed $42.5 million capital expenditure.
- The project is expected to produce 260,000 ounces of gold over the first three years at an average head grade of 15.3 g/t Au.
- Financial modeling shows a 62% IRR and $138 million cash flow over 7 years at a gold price of $1,300/ounce.
- Tuvatu has full permitting and is described as being development ready with upside exploration potential.
International Lithium Corp. is a global lithium and rare metals exploration company with 9 projects worldwide, including lithium-potash-boron brine and rare metals pegmatite properties. The company's flagship project is the Mariana Salar in Argentina, a 16,000 hectare lithium and potash brine project located in a prominent lithium producing region. International Lithium also holds the Mavis Lake rare metals pegmatite project in Canada, which had encouraging drill results in 2012, and has strategic investor support from a large Chinese lithium producer. The company plans an active exploration program in 2012 to advance its projects and increase their value.
The document summarizes hurdles and solutions for energy generation from Thar coal in Pakistan. It discusses that Thar coal reserves are the 6th largest in the world and could generate 100,000 MW of electricity for 30 years. However, Pakistan currently lacks infrastructure and technology to exploit Thar coal. Key challenges include developing transportation infrastructure to remote Thar, establishing coal gasification technologies, and constructing power transmission lines. Several projects have begun to address these challenges and utilize Thar coal for sustainable energy production.
Randgold Resources is an African-focused gold mining and exploration company with major operations in Mali, Côte d'Ivoire, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Some of its most significant discoveries and operations to date include the Morila mine in Mali, which has produced over 6 million ounces of gold since 2000, the Loulo-Gounkoto complex in Mali, and the Tongon mine in Côte d'Ivoire. Randgold also has interests in the large Kibali gold mine in the DRC and is developing the Massawa project in Senegal.
Reservoir Minerals is a Canadian mineral exploration company focused on managing risk through multiple exploration projects in Europe and Africa. In Serbia, the company has a joint venture with Freeport-McMoRan that has made a new copper and gold discovery through drilling. Reservoir is well funded with $20 million in treasury and seeks to define the limits of the mineralized system in Serbia while advancing other 100% owned projects through partnerships or new permit applications.
- Reservoir Minerals is a Canadian project generator company focused on managing exploration risk through multiple early stage exploration projects in Europe and Africa.
- They have two joint ventures in Serbia, including one with Freeport McMoRan where drilling has resulted in copper and gold discoveries near existing mines.
- The presentation discusses these projects and discoveries in Serbia, as well as Reservoir's strategy to continue exploration and seek additional partners.
International Lithium Corp Presents at Vancouver Electric Vehicles Associatio...SlideShare
International Lithium (subsidiary of TNR Gold Corp TNR:TSXV) presents at VEVA June 2010. Includes an overview of the lithium industry, Lithium 101 (what it's about), and great background information on how Lithium is produced.
Lithium Supply & Markets 2010 Chairman\'s Opening SpeechSimon Moores
1. The document summarizes the key developments in the lithium industry in 2009-2010, including increased interest and investment in lithium resources and production from automakers seeking to develop electric vehicles.
2. Major supply developments included projects moving to production by companies like Galaxy Resources, increased exploration of resources in countries like Bolivia, and emerging production centers in locations like Nevada, Canada, and Argentina.
3. The automotive industry shifted its thinking towards electric vehicles due to the economic recession and government stimulus programs, with many major automakers announcing major investments in electric vehicle technologies.
Ian Chalmers Technical Director
Alister MacDonald General Manager - Marketing
Economics of Rare Earth Projects
This document summarizes the economics of rare earth projects. It discusses the global rare earth market, key applications such as permanent magnets, and demand drivers. It provides an overview of the deposit types, mining and processing requirements, and costs associated with taking a rare earth project from discovery to production. Capital costs can range from $400 million to $2 billion depending on the project. Operating costs and revenues are estimated for different deposit types. Strategic issues are also discussed, including China's dominance of supply and financing challenges for non-Chinese projects.
The document summarizes two international conferences on mineral extraction from geothermal brines that were held in 2005 and 2006. The conferences aimed to discuss research, identify issues for commercializing mineral extraction, and facilitate collaboration. Extracting minerals like silica, lithium, manganese, and zinc could yield economic benefits by reducing operating costs, increasing power output, and providing saleable byproducts. The document outlines some uses and market values for these minerals to argue that mineral extraction from geothermal reservoirs deserves further attention and focus.
Objective Capital's Rare Earths, Speciality & Strategic Metals
Investment Summit 2012
Ironmongers' Hall, City of London
13-14 March 2012
Speaker: Thomas Krause, Chemetall Lithium
Objective Capital's Rare Earths, Speciality & Strategic Metals
Investment Summit 2012
Ironmongers' Hall, City of London
13-14 March 2012
Speaker: Gerry Clarke, International Lithium Alliance
Objective Capital Rare Earths, Speciality and Minor Metals Investment Summit
Afternoon Keynote: Vanadium & Lithium–
The Metals of the Electric Revolution
18 March 2010
by Dr Jon Hykawy, Byron Capital
A global overview of the geology and economics of lithium productionJohn Sykes
Lithium demand is growing fast, driven by a wide range of battery applications, which are in turn changing the structure of
demand, the lithium supply chain and potentially raw material requirements though much still remains uncertain;
•
Geologically ‘brine’ salars and ‘hard rock’ pegmatites remain the most important lithium deposit types in terms of
production and undeveloped resources, however, there are some interesting emerging sedimentary / clay deposits and
unconventional brine concepts and lithium remains very ‘under explored’ globally;
•
Spodumene pegmatites in Australia are the fastest growing source of supply, however, long term competitiveness may be
dependent on successful downstream integration targeting the battery industry;
•
The concept of a Western Australian ‘Lithium Valley’ is possible, despite high costs, due to the number of quality mines,
proximity to Asia, and the unit reduction in freight costs associated with the low grade spodumene concentrate , in addition
to the ‘cluster effect’ of many minerals businesses, specialists and students;
•
The ‘green’ association of lithium use presents a challenge of ‘strategic coherence’ to explorers and miners impacting
decisions around exploration, mining, investors, stakeholders, and leadership;
•
But remember, we are in an unsustainable ‘lithium boom’ of high prices and high volume growth future long term growth
of the industry is reliant on structurally lower prices, and thus structurally lower costs.
The document discusses the global transition to net zero emissions and the critical minerals required to support clean energy technologies like batteries and energy storage. Key points include: batteries will be crucial for electric vehicles and grid energy storage. Critical minerals like lithium, cobalt, nickel, and graphite are needed for battery cathodes and anodes. The document outlines major global deposits of these minerals and risks to supply. Indonesia has significant nickel and cobalt resources within its ophiolite formations and could be an important producer, but more development is needed.
Geothermal Power Plants Could Help Produce Lithium for Electric Cars - Scient...Stephen Harrison
A company called Simbol Materials has developed a process to extract lithium and other valuable elements from the brines produced at geothermal power plants. After the brines are used to generate electricity, Simbol would extract lithium, manganese, zinc, and potentially other elements using membranes, filters and other technologies. The extracted materials could then be used to produce lithium carbonate for electric vehicle batteries. Simbol plans to build facilities at geothermal plants near the Salton Sea in California, which could each produce 16,000 metric tons of lithium carbonate per year. The process offers economic and environmental advantages over traditional hard rock mining of lithium.
Objective Capital Rare Earths, Speciality and Minor Metals Investment Summit
The challenges of developing a lithium project
– reopening the Quebec Lithium Project
18 March 2010
by Peter Secker, Canada Lithium
This document provides an overview of the Tuvatu Gold Project in Fiji. Key points include:
- Tuvatu is a high-grade, underground gold project with over $50 million in previous development and a proposed $42.5 million capital expenditure.
- The project is expected to produce 260,000 ounces of gold over the first three years at an average head grade of 15.3 g/t Au.
- Financial modeling shows a 62% IRR and $138 million cash flow over 7 years at a gold price of $1,300/ounce.
- Tuvatu has full permitting and is described as being development ready with upside exploration potential.
International Lithium Corp. is a global lithium and rare metals exploration company with 9 projects worldwide, including lithium-potash-boron brine and rare metals pegmatite properties. The company's flagship project is the Mariana Salar in Argentina, a 16,000 hectare lithium and potash brine project located in a prominent lithium producing region. International Lithium also holds the Mavis Lake rare metals pegmatite project in Canada, which had encouraging drill results in 2012, and has strategic investor support from a large Chinese lithium producer. The company plans an active exploration program in 2012 to advance its projects and increase their value.
The document summarizes hurdles and solutions for energy generation from Thar coal in Pakistan. It discusses that Thar coal reserves are the 6th largest in the world and could generate 100,000 MW of electricity for 30 years. However, Pakistan currently lacks infrastructure and technology to exploit Thar coal. Key challenges include developing transportation infrastructure to remote Thar, establishing coal gasification technologies, and constructing power transmission lines. Several projects have begun to address these challenges and utilize Thar coal for sustainable energy production.
Randgold Resources is an African-focused gold mining and exploration company with major operations in Mali, Côte d'Ivoire, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Some of its most significant discoveries and operations to date include the Morila mine in Mali, which has produced over 6 million ounces of gold since 2000, the Loulo-Gounkoto complex in Mali, and the Tongon mine in Côte d'Ivoire. Randgold also has interests in the large Kibali gold mine in the DRC and is developing the Massawa project in Senegal.
Reservoir Minerals is a Canadian mineral exploration company focused on managing risk through multiple exploration projects in Europe and Africa. In Serbia, the company has a joint venture with Freeport-McMoRan that has made a new copper and gold discovery through drilling. Reservoir is well funded with $20 million in treasury and seeks to define the limits of the mineralized system in Serbia while advancing other 100% owned projects through partnerships or new permit applications.
- Reservoir Minerals is a Canadian project generator company focused on managing exploration risk through multiple early stage exploration projects in Europe and Africa.
- They have two joint ventures in Serbia, including one with Freeport McMoRan where drilling has resulted in copper and gold discoveries near existing mines.
- The presentation discusses these projects and discoveries in Serbia, as well as Reservoir's strategy to continue exploration and seek additional partners.
International Lithium Corp Presents at Vancouver Electric Vehicles Associatio...SlideShare
International Lithium (subsidiary of TNR Gold Corp TNR:TSXV) presents at VEVA June 2010. Includes an overview of the lithium industry, Lithium 101 (what it's about), and great background information on how Lithium is produced.
Lithium Supply & Markets 2010 Chairman\'s Opening SpeechSimon Moores
1. The document summarizes the key developments in the lithium industry in 2009-2010, including increased interest and investment in lithium resources and production from automakers seeking to develop electric vehicles.
2. Major supply developments included projects moving to production by companies like Galaxy Resources, increased exploration of resources in countries like Bolivia, and emerging production centers in locations like Nevada, Canada, and Argentina.
3. The automotive industry shifted its thinking towards electric vehicles due to the economic recession and government stimulus programs, with many major automakers announcing major investments in electric vehicle technologies.
Ian Chalmers Technical Director
Alister MacDonald General Manager - Marketing
Economics of Rare Earth Projects
This document summarizes the economics of rare earth projects. It discusses the global rare earth market, key applications such as permanent magnets, and demand drivers. It provides an overview of the deposit types, mining and processing requirements, and costs associated with taking a rare earth project from discovery to production. Capital costs can range from $400 million to $2 billion depending on the project. Operating costs and revenues are estimated for different deposit types. Strategic issues are also discussed, including China's dominance of supply and financing challenges for non-Chinese projects.
The document summarizes two international conferences on mineral extraction from geothermal brines that were held in 2005 and 2006. The conferences aimed to discuss research, identify issues for commercializing mineral extraction, and facilitate collaboration. Extracting minerals like silica, lithium, manganese, and zinc could yield economic benefits by reducing operating costs, increasing power output, and providing saleable byproducts. The document outlines some uses and market values for these minerals to argue that mineral extraction from geothermal reservoirs deserves further attention and focus.
Objective Capital's Rare Earths, Speciality & Strategic Metals
Investment Summit 2012
Ironmongers' Hall, City of London
13-14 March 2012
Speaker: Thomas Krause, Chemetall Lithium
Objective Capital's Rare Earths, Speciality & Strategic Metals
Investment Summit 2012
Ironmongers' Hall, City of London
13-14 March 2012
Speaker: Gerry Clarke, International Lithium Alliance
Objective Capital Rare Earths, Speciality and Minor Metals Investment Summit
Afternoon Keynote: Vanadium & Lithium–
The Metals of the Electric Revolution
18 March 2010
by Dr Jon Hykawy, Byron Capital
A global overview of the geology and economics of lithium productionJohn Sykes
Lithium demand is growing fast, driven by a wide range of battery applications, which are in turn changing the structure of
demand, the lithium supply chain and potentially raw material requirements though much still remains uncertain;
•
Geologically ‘brine’ salars and ‘hard rock’ pegmatites remain the most important lithium deposit types in terms of
production and undeveloped resources, however, there are some interesting emerging sedimentary / clay deposits and
unconventional brine concepts and lithium remains very ‘under explored’ globally;
•
Spodumene pegmatites in Australia are the fastest growing source of supply, however, long term competitiveness may be
dependent on successful downstream integration targeting the battery industry;
•
The concept of a Western Australian ‘Lithium Valley’ is possible, despite high costs, due to the number of quality mines,
proximity to Asia, and the unit reduction in freight costs associated with the low grade spodumene concentrate , in addition
to the ‘cluster effect’ of many minerals businesses, specialists and students;
•
The ‘green’ association of lithium use presents a challenge of ‘strategic coherence’ to explorers and miners impacting
decisions around exploration, mining, investors, stakeholders, and leadership;
•
But remember, we are in an unsustainable ‘lithium boom’ of high prices and high volume growth future long term growth
of the industry is reliant on structurally lower prices, and thus structurally lower costs.
The document discusses the global transition to net zero emissions and the critical minerals required to support clean energy technologies like batteries and energy storage. Key points include: batteries will be crucial for electric vehicles and grid energy storage. Critical minerals like lithium, cobalt, nickel, and graphite are needed for battery cathodes and anodes. The document outlines major global deposits of these minerals and risks to supply. Indonesia has significant nickel and cobalt resources within its ophiolite formations and could be an important producer, but more development is needed.
Geothermal Power Plants Could Help Produce Lithium for Electric Cars - Scient...Stephen Harrison
A company called Simbol Materials has developed a process to extract lithium and other valuable elements from the brines produced at geothermal power plants. After the brines are used to generate electricity, Simbol would extract lithium, manganese, zinc, and potentially other elements using membranes, filters and other technologies. The extracted materials could then be used to produce lithium carbonate for electric vehicle batteries. Simbol plans to build facilities at geothermal plants near the Salton Sea in California, which could each produce 16,000 metric tons of lithium carbonate per year. The process offers economic and environmental advantages over traditional hard rock mining of lithium.
Objective Capital Rare Earths, Speciality and Minor Metals Investment Summit
The challenges of developing a lithium project
– reopening the Quebec Lithium Project
18 March 2010
by Peter Secker, Canada Lithium
Richard Karn - Resources & Energy Symposium 2012Symposium
This document discusses emerging trends related to specialty metals and infrastructure investment opportunities. It notes that demand for specialty metals is driven by technological advancement and that supply is constrained. Infrastructure projects focused on pipelines, electrical grid upgrades, and water/wastewater treatment could help rebuild infrastructure in a cost-effective manner while creating jobs. Smaller, less intrusive government is also seen as a positive trend. Overall the document advocates that specialty metals and infrastructure are well positioned given emerging demand drivers.
Key energy transition technologies are reliant on the mining sector, including solar PV, wind and battery storage, and demand for these commodities is on an upwards trajectory; there are opportunities for investors to can identify challenges and bring solutions to the industry
Soléo Organics and McArthur Skincare are introducing a new 100% natural sunscreen with no chemical UV absorbers, preservatives, or fragrances. It offers SPF 30+ protection along with water resistance and anti-aging benefits. The formula uses only zinc oxide and organic ingredients and has a 2-year shelf life without preservatives. It is suitable for sensitive skin and the whole family. McArthur Skincare produces therapeutic creams with high concentrations of pawpaw extract to treat conditions like psoriasis, eczema, and joint pain. Customer testimonials praise the products for their skin healing and anti-aging effects.
Organto Foods aims to become a leading organic brand by vertically integrating organic vegetable and fruit farming, processing, and distribution. It currently operates in Canada, Guatemala, Argentina, the US, and the Netherlands. While facing uncertainties, management believes organic food demand will grow significantly and Organto is well-positioned to expand its land, facilities, and product lines to capitalize on this opportunity.
The document discusses GoviEx Uranium Inc., a uranium mining company with projects in Niger. It summarizes GoviEx's milestones since 2007 including exploration programs, resource estimates, development plans, and strategic partnerships. It highlights the opportunity in Niger's uranium industry given the country's role as a top uranium producer. It also notes GoviEx's local investment and community initiatives in Niger. Charts show GoviEx's Madaouela project resources and development plan economics compare favorably to peers given its large resource base and low costs.
This presentation by KBL Mining Limited provides an overview of the company's mining operations and growth strategy. KBL operates the producing Mineral Hill mine in Australia and owns the large undeveloped Sorby Hills project. The presentation outlines a three phase strategy to first improve cash flow at Mineral Hill, then expand margins, and finally diversify revenue through developing Sorby Hills and expanding production at Mineral Hill through exploration. Near term plans at Mineral Hill involve open pit mining the high grade Pearse gold deposit and expanding processing capacity through adding gold and zinc circuits. Sorby Hills is a large undeveloped silver-lead-zinc project that could provide a multi-decade mine life.
$11.00
$3.00
$4.00
$5.00
$2.00
$37.80
Total Operating Cost
$62.80
Capital Cost (Note 2)
$Million
Mine Equipment
Crushing & Screening Plant
Rail Infrastructure
Rail Yard
General Infrastructure
Contingency
$15.0
$15.0
$30.0
$10.0
$15.0
$11.6
Total Capital Cost
$96.6
Century Iron Mines Corporation
1) Century Iron Mines Corporation presented information on its iron ore projects and financial
Canoel International Energy is an oil and gas company traded on the TSX Venture Exchange. It has producing assets in Argentina and Italy, with over 1.6 million barrels of proved reserves according to an independent evaluation. Management is focused on growing production and reserves through development and exploration of its existing assets. It also aims to acquire additional producing assets in emerging markets. Recent developments include negotiations to acquire shut-in production of 7,000-12,000 barrels of oil per day in Libya.
Century Iron Mines Corporation is one of the largest iron ore resource developers in Canada, with over 20 billion tonnes of resources under management across multiple projects. The company is pursuing a strategy of progressively developing these resources, starting with the near-term Joyce Lake direct shipping ore (DSO) deposit. A preliminary economic assessment estimates the Joyce Lake project could have a pre-tax net present value of $95 million and produce 2 million tonnes per year of high-grade DSO at a cash cost of $62.80 per tonne. Century Iron is also exploring additional DSO targets along trend from Joyce Lake to support future expansion.
Century Iron Mines Corporation | Corporate Presentation | November 2012
Speaker: Sandy Chim, C.A., Director, President and Chief Executive Officer
Company Information:
as of Nov 2012
TSX Venture: FER
52-Week high/low: C$0.92-C$2.50
Market Cap: C$97.0m
Recent Price: C$1.02
Shares: 94.9 million
Fully Diluted: 103.8 million
Website: www.centuryiron.com
Century Iron is Canada’s largest holder of iron ore land claims in a public company, with interests in several properties in the Provinces of Quebec and Newfoundland & Labrador. Century’s vision is to exploit its large property asset base to become one of the country’s largest iron ore producers.
Century has structured a unique strategic formula to pave the way to achieving its vision: It has attracted
WISCO and MinMetals, two of the largest Chinese state-owned enterprises, as equity investors and strategic partners (25% and 5% respectively). WISCO is a further 40% JV investor in individual projects, and these partners have committed to 60‑70% off-take agreements for future product. They will also procure to provide up to 70% of production capex on positive feasibility, in the form of nondilutive debt financing for the Canadian company.
Objective Capital's Industrial Minerals & Metals Resources Investment Forum 2012
Ironmongers' Hall, City of London
6 November 2012
Speaker: Alan Cruickshank, Gensource
Objective Capital's Industrial Minerals & Metals Resources Investment Forum 2012
Ironmongers' Hall, City of London
6 November 2012
Speaker: Catherine Feore, Adroit Resources
Objective Capital's Global Resources Investment Forum 2012
Ironmongers' Hall, City of London
25 September 2012
Speaker: Richard Williams, Helio Resource
Objective Capital's Global Resources Investment Forum 2012
Ironmongers' Hall, City of London
25 September 2012
Speaker: Gary Billingsley, Great Western Minerals
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERPPixlogix Infotech
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
Main news related to the CCS TSI 2023 (2023/1695)Jakub Marek
An English 🇬🇧 translation of a presentation to the speech I gave about the main changes brought by CCS TSI 2023 at the biggest Czech conference on Communications and signalling systems on Railways, which was held in Clarion Hotel Olomouc from 7th to 9th November 2023 (konferenceszt.cz). Attended by around 500 participants and 200 on-line followers.
The original Czech 🇨🇿 version of the presentation can be found here: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hlavni-novinky-souvisejici-s-ccs-tsi-2023-2023-1695/269688092 .
The videorecording (in Czech) from the presentation is available here: https://youtu.be/WzjJWm4IyPk?si=SImb06tuXGb30BEH .
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/building-and-scaling-ai-applications-with-the-nx-ai-manager-a-presentation-from-network-optix/
Robin van Emden, Senior Director of Data Science at Network Optix, presents the “Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
In this presentation, van Emden covers the basics of scaling edge AI solutions using the Nx tool kit. He emphasizes the process of developing AI models and deploying them globally. He also showcases the conversion of AI models and the creation of effective edge AI pipelines, with a focus on pre-processing, model conversion, selecting the appropriate inference engine for the target hardware and post-processing.
van Emden shows how Nx can simplify the developer’s life and facilitate a rapid transition from concept to production-ready applications.He provides valuable insights into developing scalable and efficient edge AI solutions, with a strong focus on practical implementation.
Skybuffer SAM4U tool for SAP license adoptionTatiana Kojar
Manage and optimize your license adoption and consumption with SAM4U, an SAP free customer software asset management tool.
SAM4U, an SAP complimentary software asset management tool for customers, delivers a detailed and well-structured overview of license inventory and usage with a user-friendly interface. We offer a hosted, cost-effective, and performance-optimized SAM4U setup in the Skybuffer Cloud environment. You retain ownership of the system and data, while we manage the ABAP 7.58 infrastructure, ensuring fixed Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and exceptional services through the SAP Fiori interface.
Have you ever been confused by the myriad of choices offered by AWS for hosting a website or an API?
Lambda, Elastic Beanstalk, Lightsail, Amplify, S3 (and more!) can each host websites + APIs. But which one should we choose?
Which one is cheapest? Which one is fastest? Which one will scale to meet our needs?
Join me in this session as we dive into each AWS hosting service to determine which one is best for your scenario and explain why!
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?Speck&Tech
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3. Lithium Consumer Awareness
Mood stabilising drugs since the 19th century
1929 lithium citrate a component for a hangover cure
Mundane spectrum of uses
7Up
Late 20th century the preferred battery for portable computers,
communications devices & tools
Today – one of the best known elements – consumer goods
Future -- auto mobility, grid storage, nuclear
4. Lithium in transition post millennium
Forecasts of prospective automotive demand growth
so disproportionate to established lithium markets,
exacerbated by ill-informed opinion concerning
lithium reserves and resources, spawned wide-
ranging commentary as to whether or not there is
sufficient lithium available in the Earth’s crust and
therefore the capability of the extractive industries
to meet growth prospects. Decades of unexciting
lithium market dynamics with just a few producers
fuelled scepticism and created the conditions that
have led to a gold-style “rush” by the industry to
prove otherwise. Pain looks an inevitability for many.
5. Scene Setter
Pre-2000
Through 1990s markets stable, well known, generally unexciting growth
Small batteries for hand held devices and power tools growing demand
During 1990s supply restructured with entry of SQM in 1996
Major shift from minerals in USA to brines in Chile
Lithium carbonate prices fell 60%: $4,300 (‘95) to $1,600/te (‘99)
Post-2000
New markets exciting: automotive, high tech, energy related, green
Alarmist statements made over lithium resource adequacy
Lithium rush accelerates: today 50 companies support 82 projects
The four established major producers are all expansionist
Lithium carbonate prices now in the $4,500-5,000/te range (SignumB)
Demand forecasts difficult , range up to 283k tpa LCE in 2020 (Byron Capital)
Recycling lithium from batteries 2030s expected to reduce primary demand
6. What is lithium?
• A highly chemically reactive element not
found on Earth in elemental form.
• The commercial world uses the name of the
element when talking about the array of
lithium resource types, supply and demand.
• Lithium is a very broad term of convenience.
7. Terrestrial Lithium Occurrence
Sodium Magnesium Potassium Lithium
Earth’s Crust (ppm*) 23,000 29,000 15,000 17
Sea Water 11,050 1,326 416 0.18
Lithium is the lightest and smallest metallic element. Geochemically, lithium
is relatively rare having an average crustal abundance value of just 17 ppm
which compares with 23,000 ppm for sodium. However, geological processes
provide traps for all elements at different stages of crustal evolution which act
to concentrate many of them to levels that far exceed their average crustal
abundance values. Lithium is elusive until the later stages of geochemical
differentiation where it is found trapped in crystalline form in older intrusive
igneous rocks, in younger sedimentary sequences, and in solution in naturally
occurring brines.
*ppm: parts per million
8. Lithium Resources Types
The lightest, smallest, highly reactive metallic element
17 ppm crustal abundance, 150 mineral species, 4 brine types
Hard Rock: Spodumene LiAlSi2O6 8.0% Li2O
Petalite LiAlSiO4 4.9% Li2O
Soft Rock: Hectorite Na0.3(Mg,Li)3Si4O10 (OH)2 1.2% Li2O
Jadarite LiNaSiB3O7(OH) 7.3% Li2O
Brines: Continental variable chemistry 200-2700 ppm Li
Geothermal other elements are up to 400 ppm Li
Oilfield important such as up to 700 ppm Li
Seawater K, B, Mg, Br 0.1-0.2 ppm Li
Lithium carbonate now expected to be produced from all resource types
Conversion factors: Li: Li2O: Li2CO3 = 1.00:2.153:5.323
9. Lithium Resource Provinces
High Altitude Continental Plateaus
Americas
Puna Plateau: Argentina salars: Hombre Muerto, Cauchari, Olaroz, Rincon
Bolivia salars: Uyuni, Pastos Grandes
Chile salars: Region II Atacama, Region III various
Clayton Valley: Silver Peak, Nevada, USA
Asia
Western China & Tibet: Qaidam basin salt lakes, Qinghai , China
Zabuye & Dangxiongcuo salt lakes, Tibet
Green colour denotes lithium producing region
10. Lithium Resource Provinces
Hard Rock Pegmatite Veins
Americas: Canada: Ontario & Quebec
USA: North Carolina (former major production)
Brazil: Minas Gerais
Australia: WA: Greenbushes, Mt Cattlin, Mt Marion
Southern Africa: Zimbabwe: Masvingo, Bikita
Congo: Manono& Kitolo, Katanga
Asia: Eastern China: Sichuan, Hunan & Jiangxi Provinces
Northwest China: Xinjiang Province
South Asian Russia: Tuva, Irkutsk &Chita Republics
Europe: Atlantic: Portugal, Spain, Ireland
Alpine: Austria
Fennoscandia: Finland, Russia (Murmansk, Kola)
11. The Lithium Majors
Continental Brines ‘000s mtpa LCE
SQM Salar de Atacama, Chile 40.0 (+??)
Chemetall Foote Salar de Atacama, Chile 38.0 (+17)
FMC Corp S Hombre Muerto, Argentina 17.5 (+5.5)
Hard Rock
Talison Lithium Greenbushes, WA 47.0 (+63.0)
Bikita Minerals Masvingo, Zimbabwe 7.5e (??)
Total 150.0
China brines and hard rock could add 100k tpa LCE
Expansions (if all occur) at all majors add another 86k tpa LCE
Add to this near pipeline development/exploration projects --
12. Automotive Electrification Revolution
A very long time coming as not new
Driven by fear , demographic change, and aspiration:
Peak oil production imminent: fossil fuel resource depletion
Adverse fossil fuel demographics: national energy security concern
Adverse effects of global climate change
Pollution associated with urbanisation and traffic congestion
Mobility aspirations of increasing populations in emerging nations
Structural change transiting from total fossil fuel dependency to mixed dependencies
Resource-rich /Battery technology poor: Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Australia
Resource-poor/Battery technology rich: China, Korea, Japan
Resource-rich/Battery technology improving: USA, Canada
Resource-poor/Battery technology improving: Europe (Germany, France)
National Roadmaps to electrification
Canada: 500,000 evs by 2018; USA: 1m evs by 2015; Australia: 1m evs by 2015;
Germany: 1m evs by 2020; S Korea: 1m evs by 2015; China: 1m evs by 2015;
Japan: 50% next generation vehicles by 2020 evs: electric vehicles
13. But, it’s not just auto demand (Byron Capital)
Nuclear Energy: Nuclear reactors controlled through absorption of neutrons
Lithium occurs as two isotopes: 7.5% 6 Li & 92.5% 7Li – a good neutron absorber
Safer smaller nuclear reactors being developed, e.g. Japanese micro RAPID (apartments)
RAPID needs 1.9 tonnes 95% 6Li LCE (from 40 tonnes LCE) to produce 200 kW electricity
IAEA forecasts 1,000 such reactors in service by 2040 with 1,900 tonnes LCE in them
A 1.2 GW reactor, 6,000 times RAPID, testing by 2020: would use 11,400 tonnes LCE
Solar Energy: Due to Li ‘s low melting point (181oC) & high heat capacity (3.6J/gK)
Major potential for large scale concentration of solar power
LiNO3 combined with other salts: very low melting toC and very high decomposition toC
Enables far higher energy storage characteristics compared with oils
Greenpeace study: modest 5.5 GW, annual installs by 2015: maybe 7,500 tpa LCE
Glass: Adding 0.10-0.17% Li2O to glass mixture saves energy and reduces costs
Lowers melting temperature by 25oC and energy consumption by 5-10%
Total market penetration for worldwide flat glass production of around 50m tpa
Would require 48 tonnes of Li2O mostly in mineral form : maybe 119, 000 tpa LCE
14. Lithium Demand Forecast (after Byron Capital 2011)
‘000 Tonnes LCE 2008 2011 2014 2017 2020 CAAG%
Long established uses: 73% of total market reducing to 42% over 10 years
Grease, Aluminium, A/C, Casting, Other 52.4 58.9 66.2 74.5 4.2
Glass and ceramics 28.9 33.2 38.4 44.4 5.4
Sub-Total 81.3 92.1 104.6 118.9 4.6
High-tech change uses underway: 27% of total market rising to 43%
Small Batteries 28.2 35.5 44.7 56.3 10.0
Automotive 2.2 15.9 41.7 64.2 28.4
Sub-Total 30.4 51.4 86.4 120.5 29.7
Energy related uses waiting to happen: rising to 15% of total market from zero
Grid storage 0 2.2 8.4 9.7
Solar 0 4.5 8.8 11.0
Nuclear 0 0 0.2 22.7
Sub-Total 0 6.7 17.4 43.5
GRAND TOTAL 118.6 111.6 150.1 208.3 282.8 14.5
15. By 2012 Talison’s Greenbushes, WA capacity will
equal Near Projects in Development
2010 world lithium demand: 110k tpa LCE
Reserves: 9.6m. tonnes 3.9% Li20 (920k LCE) M&I Resources :22.0m tonnes 3.7% Li20 (2m LCE)
Total resource unknown as open along strike & depth. Update reserves statement June 2011
Capacity: 315k tpa spodumene concentrates (47k LCE) going to Plan capacity*
Company Start Location 740k tpa (110k LCE) June 2012
Reviewing potential to establish lithium carbonate plant in Australia
Courtesy: Talison Lithium, Greenbushes, WAAus/China
Galaxy Resources 2011 17k
Orocobre 2012 Argentina 15k
Canada Lithium 2012 Quebec 19k
Western Lithium 2014 Nevada 27k
Lithium Americas 2014 Argentina 15k
Total 93k tpa LCE
*Company published LCE annual capacity
16. Salar de Atacama, Chile
2,800 square kms
All Chile lithium reserves: 7.5m tonnes (USGS)
17. SQM’s final LiCl evaporation pond
In 2010 the brine volume (2,700 ppm Li) pumped to produce 1.5m tonnes
of potash contained such a large volume of lithium in excess of the 40k
tpa LCE capacity that 400k tonnes LCE were reinjected into the aquifer.
18. Pipeline Lithium Projects
Traditional Resource Types
Continental Brines Projects
Orocobre Salar de Olaroz, Argentina Toyota Tsusho 15k* 2012
Rincon Lithium Salar de Rincon, Argentina 1.5k 2011
Lithium One Salar de Vida, Argentina KORES/GS Caltex/LG ? ?
Lithium Americas Salar de Cauchari, Argentina Magna, Mitsubishi ? ?
Comibol Salar de Uyuni, Bolivia KORES pilot 480 ?
Hard Rock Projects
Galaxy Resources Mt Cattlin, WA Mitsubishi/ 17k 2011
Chinese Cathode Makers
Nemaska Exploration Tianqi 25k
Canada Lithium Val d’Or, Quebec Mitsui 20k 2012/13
Nordic Mining Lantta, Finland 4k 2011/12
NB: Scores of other exploration/early development projects down the list roughly evenly split
between brines and minerals *tpa Li2CO3
19. Brines or Mines for Li2CO3
Brines Mines
Capital Expenditure Lower Higher
Unit production cost Lower Higher
Grade Lower/Variable Higher/Consistent
Recovery Lower Higher
Deposit geology Highly variable More predictable
Mineral chemistry Highly variable Predictable
By-product credits Large potential Some potential
Production lead time Longer (harvesting) Shorter (mining)
Ease for expansion Resource dependent Resource dependent
Process complexity Variable – chemistry Est physical/chemical
20. Different Strategies Apparent
Talison Lithium: 25 years as a WA lithium miner in WA Began trading on TSX September 2010
September 2010, stepped into brines by merger with Salares Lithium Inc.
Greenbushes, WA: world’s largest and highest grade (3.9% Li2O) spodumene deposit
Present Greenbushes expansion designed for further expansion and increased recovery
Salares 7 Project: Atacama Region III, Chile; started drilling 2 of 7 brine lakes February 2011
Completed scoping study for Li2CO3 plant W.A. -- potential opex of $US2,800/tLCE indicated
Talison strategy of being in mines & brines: two-pronged strategy for long term & credibility
Galaxy Resources: New WA miner, late 2010 Postponed Hong Kong IPO indefinitely (14/03/11)
Mt Cattlin, WA: Ore grade 1.1% Li2O, 137k tpa spodumene concentrates
Commissioning 17,000 tpa Li2CO3 plant Zhangjiagang Port, Jiangsu Province, 2nd qtr 2011
Acquired 20% in Lithium One’s James Bay spodumene project, 11.75m M+I, 1.3% Li2O
Galaxy focussed on mines and Li2CO3 plant in China
NB: As Galaxy ramps to 137k tpa concs (2011), Talison expands to 315k (‘11) &740k tpa (‘12)
21. Novel Lithium Resource Developments
Brines
Oilfield: Canada, Alberta: Leduc/Beaverhill Form’s: Channel Resources
Recovery of Li, Br, B, K from hydrocarbon well waters
USA, Mid-West: Smackover Formation
Geothermal : USA, Salton Sea, California: Simbol Materials initiated
Production of Li2CO3 (99.999%) & Mn, Zn from geothermal plants
Seawater: South Korea, POSCO
5-year plan to establish 20k-100k tpa C plant by 2014
Soft sedimentary rocks
Hectorite: USA, Kings Valley, northern Nevada: Western Lithium Corp
27.7k tpa LCE, 11m. tonnes LCE history reserve*, 2014 commission
Jadarite: Serbia, Jadar Valley: Rio Tinto Exploration
New mineral, 114m. tonne inferred, 13.1% B2O3, 1.8% Li2O, 2016
22. Lithium Reserves & Resources (USGS 2011)
Resources of which Reserves (tonnes Li)
Argentina 2,600,000 850,000
Australia 630,000 580,000
Bolivia 9,000,000 -
Brazil 1,000,000 64,000
Canada 360,000 -
Chile 7,500,000+ 7,500,000
China 5,400,000 3,500,000
Congo 1,000,000 -
Portugal - 10,000
Serbia 1,000,000 -
USA 4,000,000 38,000
Zimbabwe - 23,000
Total 32,490,000 12,565,000 contained elemental Li
NB: Refer US Geological Survey (USGS) for resource and reserve definitions
23. Prognosis
Projects in Argentina, Australia, Bolivia, Canada, China, Finland, Serbia, USA announced
cumulative target tonnages of at least 228k tpa LCE. Others such as Lithium One in
Canada and Argentina, and Lithium Americas in Argentina set to join the list.
Three of the four majors combined 102.5k tpa LCE capacity increasing to 188k tpa
LCE by 2020. SQM’s intent, to sustain market share, implies at least 268k tpa.
Adding pipeline projects takes combined capacity towards 380k tpa LCE & beyond all
2020 demand forecasts: Byron Capital: 283,000 LCE. TRU Group: 245,000 tpa LCE
A widening lithium supply-demand gap by 2020 looks set for around 100k tpa LCE
Other longer term lithium exploration projects part of broader portfolios including Au,
Ta, Nb, U, REMs, PGMs, add market value and the stock of resource knowledge for
future benefit. Market play profits versus longer term resource knowledge need.
Fall-out from 82 “lithium projects” would appear inevitable in today’s supply
demand scenario but a sceptical world is being shown that there are
substantial lithium resources to partner technological change before lithium
recycling kicks in around 2035.
24. Arguments for supply diversity
What is the reality for majors’ production and expansion?
• Lead times for new pond build, processing expansion,
pumping and concentration time to 6% Li2O: 4-5 years?
Supply diversification
• Corporately -- away from oligopoly
• Geographically -- South America and Australia
• National strategic dimension encouraging resource ID
Two broad geographical markets
• East Asia: China increasing demand to feed under capacity
Japan & South Korea
• Rest of the World:
Resource type: brines variable & unpredictable in nature
25. March 2011 Developments “from left field”
Orocobre, Olaroz, Jujuy Province, Argentina
A new decree, in addition to EIS approval, announced: Exploration and
exploitation level projects will now require assessment by a Committee of
(7) Experts and, following a positive recommendation from this
Committee, approval by the joint resolution of the Minister of Production
and the Secretary General of the Provincial Government.
Orocobre has two projects in Jujuy, one with EIS approval and one in
submission, and a third in neighbouring Salta Province. The company
expects to win approval in close cooperation with Jujuy Province
Rodinia Lithium has distanced itself from the new decree reminding
investors of its two flagship projects in Salta Province (Salar de Diaballos)
and Clayton Valley, Nevada. Rodinia has Salinas Grandes, Jujuy
26. March 2011 Developments “from left field”
Nemaska Exploration closes $3.7m. private placement
with Chengdu Tianqi Industry group March 2011
Heralded last year but closed this month was “new boy” Nemaska
Exploration clinching a deal with China’s leading lithium battery chemical
producer Sichuan Tianqi Lithium Industries Inc.
Tianqi converts spodumene concentrate , imported mainly from Australia ,
to produce Li2CO3 (& others) and, through subsidiaries, has a significant
share of the Chinese lithium market.
Tianqi policy to diversify sources of supply – anecdotally spooked by W.A.’s
now rescinded 40% mineral project tax last year.
Tianqi now looking to markets outside China and longer term potential for
Tianqi to establish conversion plant in Canada.
27. March 2011 Developments “from left field”
Canada Lithium undertaking compliant resource audit
Following internal review indicating a material reduction in the measured,
indicated and inferred mineral resources incorporated in its Oct. 28, 2010 43-
101-compliant report *, Canada Lithium appointed Roscoe Postle and
Associates Inc. to undertake a preliminary independent review of its
previously announced mineral resources.
The review will take a couple of weeks but the ensuing audit is expected take a
number of months. Engineering and design continues. The current mine plan,
developed on the basis of the Oct. 28 20101 compliant report*, will be
reviewed following the review/audit.
*M+I Resources: 46m tonnes grading 1.19% Li2O
Inferred Resources: 57m. Tonnes grading 1.18% Li2O
To early to know whether or not the required review/audit may delay Canada
Lithium from becoming Canada’s first lithium mine into production in 2012
28. Thank You
Keith Evans
Ihor Kunasz
Pedro Pavlovic
Roskill Information Services
Daniela Desormeaux at SignumBox
Many other individuals