Germany

GERMANY
Germany's Location in the World & Europe Map

Population: 82.5 million, including 18.6 million with migration back round
Surface area: 357,340 km²
Form of government: parliamentary democracy
Founded: 1949, followed by German reunification with accession of the German Democratic
Republic (GDR) on 3 October 1990
Head of state: Frank-Walter Stein Meier (as of January 2017)
Capital:
The five largest cities:
Berlin
Berlin (3.5m inhabitants), Hamburg (1.7m inhabitants), Munich (1.4m inhabitants),
Cologne (1m inhabitants), Frankfurt am Main (732,688 inhabitants)
Official language: German
National holiday: 3 October (Day of German Unity)
Membership: European Union, G8, G20, NATO, OECD, OSCE, UN
Religions: Roman Catholic (28.5%), Evangelical Church in Germany (26.5%), Muslim (almost 5%),
other (almost 4%), without confession (36.2%)
Climate: moderately cool Western lies climate, between the oceanic climate of the Atlantic and the
continental climate of eastern Europe
Telephone country code:
Currency:
+49
euro (€1 = 100 cents)

INTRODUCTION
Germany is one of Europe's largest nations, with one of the largest populations. Although it
has played a major part in European and world history, it has been a single, unified nation
for less than 100 years. The area that now makes up Germany originally was a cluster of
partially independent cities and states. In 1871 the Prussian chancellor Otto von Bismarck
created a unified Germany. In this century, Germany fought in two world wars (World War I,
1914–1918, and World War II, 1939–1945), and lost both.
Following the defeat of Nazi Germany in World War II, the nation was divided by the
countries that had defeated it: the United States, France, Great Britain, and the Soviet
Union. The American, French, and British zones were combined in 1949 to create the
Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany). That same year, the Soviet zone became the
German Democratic Republic (East Germany). Germany was separated for four decades.
Both Germanys recovered from the damage of the war with impressive speed. However,
progress was faster and more dramatic in the West than in the East. Because of this, nearly
three million East Germans eventually fled to West Germany, seeking better lives. Finally, in
1961, the East Germans put up the Berlin Wall and sealed off the nation's borders.
In the late 1980s, however, Germany became caught up in the changes sweeping
communist Eastern Europe. The destruction of the Berlin Wall in November 1989 became
one of the most important symbols of the communist system's collapse. In March 1990, the
East Germans held their first free elections. The two German nations were reunited on
October 3, 1990.
Location
Germany is located in Europe and has an area of 137, 828
square miles. It measures about 520 miles north to south and is
between the latitudes of 47 and 55 degrees north. The middle
of the country measures from east to west about 385 miles
and its longitude extends from 6 to 15 degrees west. Germany
borders Denmark on the extreme north of the Jutland
Peninsula, while the Baltic Sea sits on the east side and the
North Sea on the west side of the peninsula. Netherlands,
Belgium, and Luxembourg border Germany to the west along
with France to the Southwest. Switzerland and Austria share
the entire southern border. To the southeast is the Czech Republic, while Poland shares the
eastern border by way of the Neisse River.
Geography
In the south, Germany is part of the outermost ranges of the Alps. It then stretches across
the plane of the northern edge of the Alps. The centre of the country is the Central German
Uplands, which extend from the Massif Central of France in the west into Czechoslovakia
and Poland in the east. Germany is a landscape covered with variety. It boasts a mixture of
forested black mountains, intermediate plateaus with scarped edges, and lowland basins.
The North German Plain forms part of the greater North European Plain in the Lowlands.
Marshes, mud flats, and the islands of the North and Baltic seas surround it. Germany has
altitudes ranging from a maximum elevation of 9,718 feet in the Zugspitze of the Bavarian
Alps to a minimum of sea level in the north.

Climate
Germany’s weather is moderate, neither too hot nor too cold. Berlin has an average July
temperature of between 59-75 degrees Fahrenheit with above average rainfall. However,
rainfall does vary according to region. The North German Plain has the lowest average
rainfall of 20-29 inches annually while rainfall in the Central German Uplands is 28-59
inches. The Alpine regions often experience rainfall up to and exceeding 78 inches. Berlin is
also famous for its bracing air called the Berliner Luft. This mountain wind that can show up
during any season causes an immediate change in temperature along with very warm
conditions and a cloudless sky. Summers are usually hot and dry while snowfall begins
around November and January temperatures often drop below freezing.
Flora & Fauna
The flora and fauna of Germany It is found in forests, which occupy just over 30% of the
country. After the Second World War, the primitive forests were destroyed to be used as
fuel. Those that are currently planted by man and most are used for forestry. 60% of these
forests are made up of pines and other conifers. The remaining 40% consists of beech, oak,
birch and walnut trees. One of the plants most exploited in Germany is the vine, whose
crops occupy the slopes of rivers. The fauna of Germany is scarce and little varied. This is
partly due to the climate, and also to the aforementioned war, in which many species were
decimated
Flora
1- Cornflower: It is native to the valleys of this country. The cornflower is the national
flower of Germany, where it also takes the name of golden button.
2- Blue Brunonia: It is also called corn flower. It does not enjoy good reputation because it
was the flower chosen as a symbol by the Nazi army. It is a perennial plant that grows in
open forests and sandy soils. It has beautiful blue flowers.
3- Tulip: It is a plant from Anatolia. In Germany it is highly valued by flower growers. In the
17th century the rarest tulip bulbs cost the price of an entire farm.
4- Lily of the valley: It is native to the Röhn Valley, in Bavaria. The flowers are small, bell-
shaped, and perfumed. In Germany they are called May bell.
5- German chamomile: It is a plant that grows wild throughout the country. The petals of
the flower are very precious for the preparation of herbal tea.
Fauna
1- European boar: The distribution of this species went from France to Russia. The armed
conflicts wreaked havoc with this boar. The European wild boars served as food for the
population. Today it is in a state of recovery in some forests.
2- Brown bear: This large mammal was almost extinct from the German forests. It is being
reintroduced from Poland.
3- European fox: The common fox is the one that most abounds in the German coniferous
forests. It is also called red fox. He is a skillful nocturnal hunter and during the day he
remains hidden in the burrow.

4- Royal Eagle: It is currently located in the mountainous area of Bavaria. The golden eagle
was taken as a symbol of power by several empires. One of these was the French Empire of
Napoleon. He was also chosen for the Nazi flag as an imperial eagle. In addition, it is the
symbol on the flag of Mexico.
5- Herring: Since time immemorial the herring has been the national fish of Germany. So
much so that, in gastronomy, the dish with herring always has a German name.
Population
Germany is the most populous country in the European Union with an estimated 2018
population of 82.29 million, which ranks 17th in the world. Despite a drop in the country's
growth rate, its 2018 population is now estimated at 82.29 million, which makes Germany
the 17th most populous country in the world.
In Germany a decades-long tendency to population decline has been offset by waves of
immigration. The 2011 national census recorded a population of 80.2 million people. At the
end of 2012 it had risen to 82.0 million according to federal estimates. This represents about
14% increase over 1950.
Germany has the 34th-highest annual population growth rate (-0.16%) among all European
countries. The top 10 European countries by population growth rate are: Luxembourg,
Cyprus, Ireland, Iceland, Kazakhstan, Norway, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Spain, Liechtenstein.
Religion
About 30% of Germans belong to the official Protestant church. An estimated 28% of the
population is Catholic. The Protestants live mainly in the north, and the Catholics, in the
south. Other Christian denominations include Methodists, Baptists, Mennonites, and the
Society of Friends (Quakers).
Before the 1930s, Germany had a Jewish population of about 530,000. However, the great
majority fled or were killed by the government during World War II (1939–45). Today, only
about 40,000 Jews live in Germany. Most of these are recent refugees from Russia. Muslims
(followers of Islam) now account for nearly 3% of the population. They are mostly guest
workers from Turkey.
Language
Standard (or High) German is the nation's official language, but many other dialects are
spoken throughout the country. Low German is spoken along the North Sea and Baltic Sea
coasts and on Germany's offshore islands. It has some features in common with Dutch and
even English (examples: Standard German Wasser, Low German Water; Standard German
Apfel, Low German Appel). Sorbian is a Slavic language spoken by approximately 60,000
people in eastern Germany. A number of different languages, including Turkish, are spoken
by Germany's immigrant populations.

Currency
The official currency of Germany is the Deutschmark (DM).
DM1 is equal to 100 pfennig while coins are 1, 2, 5, 10, and
50 pfennigs and 1, 2, and 5 DM. Bills are in the amounts of
5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, and 1000 DM. 1 U. S. dollar is
currently equal to DM 2.08 while DM 1 is equal to 56 cents.
Additionally, DM 1 is equivalent to 0.32 British pounds, 0.51
Euros, and 3.35 French francs.
TOURISM HISTORY IN GERMANY
The history of tourism in Germany goes back to cities and
landscapes being visited for education and recreation. From the late 18th century onwards,
cities like Dresden, Munich, Weimar and Berlin were major stops on a European Grand
tour. Spas and Seaside resorts on the North and Baltic Sea
( Rugia and Usedom islands, Heiligendamm, Norderney and Sylt islands) particularly
developed during the 19th and early 20th century, when major train routes were built to
connect the seaside spas to urban centres. An extends bathing and recreation industry
materialized in Germany around 1900. At rivers and close to natural landscapes (along
the Middle Rhine valley and in Saxon Switzerland for example) many health spas, hotels
and recreational facilities were established since the 19th century.
Since the end of World War II tourism has expanded greatly, as many tourists visit Germany
to experience a sense of European history and the diverse German landscape. The country
features 14 national parks, including the Jasmund National Park, the Vorpommern Lagoon
Area National Park, the Müritz National Park, the Wadden Sea National Parks, the Harz
National Park, the Hainich National Park, the Saxon Switzerland National Park,
the Bavarian Forest National Park and the Berchtesgaden National Park. In addition, there
are 14 Biosphere Reserves, as well as 98 nature parks.
Tourism & Culture in Germany
Germany is the seventh most visited country in the world, with a total of 407.26 million
overnights during 2012. This number includes 68.83 million nights by foreign visitors, the
majority of foreign tourists in 2009 coming from the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and
Switzerland (see table). Additionally, more than 30% of Germans spend their holiday in their
own country. According to Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Reports, Germanys rated as
one of the safest travel destinations worldwide. Not only is Germany indisputably the most
popular destination for international conferences in Europe, it is also continually gaining in
importance as a holiday destination. Culture and nature are the two central elements at the
core of the Destination Germany brand – and this is reflected in the tourism-related
demand. Explore Europe’s most popular cultural destination! You can look forward to 40
UNESCO World Heritage sites, 6,000-plus museums, acclaimed theatres and orchestras,
high-calibre events and a buzzing creative scene. Almost one third of all European visitors to
Germany opt for a city break – and the numbers are rising. Outstanding architecture,
cultural and historical treasures and the highest standards of heritage preservation can be
found in the capital Berlin, urban areas such as the Rhine-Main region – home to Frankfurt,
Wiesbaden, Mainz and Darmstadt – the Rhine-Ruhr region with Cologne, Düsseldorf and
Essen, and also other major cities such as Hamburg, Munich and Dresden. There are
numerous festivals, celebrating everything from music to wine or beer, along with arts and

cultural events and, of course, the country’s many Christmas markets, which are as popular
as they are enchanting. The huge diversity of events always makes it worthwhile extending
your stay a little longer.
Germany is also ideal as a destination for health and relaxation – whether travelling with the
whole family, unwinding after a business trip or engaging in active pursuits. With around
200,000 kilometres of walking trails and 70,000 kilometres of cycle paths you can explore
the country at its most unspoilt, getting close to nature while being kind to the
environment. Along the way you’ll discover amazing and diverse natural landscapes. More
than one third of the country’s land area is under some form of protection. With a total of
16 national parks, 15 UNESCO biosphere reserves and over 100 nature parks, there are
more than 130 preserved national landscapes just waiting to be explored.
Germany offers a wide range of options for sustainable travel. Its leafy towns and cities
boast excellent public transport networks and a good cycling infrastructure. Hotels and
restaurants support the use of regional produce within a very lively culinary scene that will
delight anyone who enjoys good food. Many attractions and amenities also cater for
disabled guests through the ‘Tourism for all’ project.
FOLKLORE
The most famous German folktale is the Nibelungenlied dating back to AD 1200. Its
characters, including Siegfried, Brunhilde, and Hagen, have become famous around the
world through the operas of Richard Wagner (1813–83).
Another important set of tales was collected by Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm in the nineteenth
century. Tales of the Brothers Grimm is the second most frequently translated book after
the Bible.
EDUCATION
Education is free and required between the ages of six and eighteen. After four years of
primary school (Grundschule), there are different roads students may take. They may spend
two years in "orientation grades" and then six years in a Realschule in preparation for
technical training. Or they may spend five years in a Hauptschule, followed by a three-year
apprenticeship, a system in which a student learns a trade by working alongside a skilled
worker. The other option is a nine-year gymnasium program that prepares students for a
university education. This system was also used in the former East Germany. University
attendance is free of charge
Major Holidays
Germany's legal holidays include New Year's Day (January 1), Good Friday (late March or
early April), Easter (late March or early April), Pentecost (in May), Labour Day (May 1), and
Christmas (December 25). Many different local and regional festivals are celebrated as well.
Even the observance of some religious holidays varies from one region to another. Catholic
areas celebrate the Feast of Corpus Christi (eleven days after Pentecost) and All Saints' Day
(November 1). Lutheran regions observe Reformation Day (October 31) and Repentance and
Prayer Day (the third Wednesday in November). In December, there are special Christmas
markets (Weihnachtsmarkte) in many towns. They sell candles, Christmas trees, and other
seasonal goods.

Rites of Passenger
Germans live in a modern, industrialized Christian country. Many of the rites of passage that
young people undergo are religious rituals, such as baptism, first communion, confirmation,
and marriage. In addition, many familes mark a student's progress through the education
system with graduation parties.
German young men between the ages of eighteen and twenty-five are subject to being
drafted into the armed forces. As of the late 1990s, the length of service was one year. Duty
is usually near a young man's home town. The German armed forces are an important part
of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) defense alliance. Conscientious objectors
(people whose religious beliefs do not allow them to participate in warfare) can engage in
substitute service in hospitals, nursing homes, and similar institutions. As of the late 1990s,
conscientious objectors' service obligation was fifteen months.
Relationships
Germans are usually thought of as hardworking, efficient, and without a sense of humour.
Regional differences make it hard to pin down a national character or set of traits. The
division between north and south is older and deeper than that between the formerly
divided East Germany and West Germany. The Rhine-landers of the north are said to be
easy going and good-natured, while the Bavarians of the south are thought of as lively and
excitable. On the whole, however, Germans tend to be more serious and aloof than
Americans. In Germany, it is customary to shake hands when you greet another person. The
most common greetings (with regional differences) areGuten Morgen(good morning),Guten
Tag(hello),Guten Abend(good evening), andGute Nacht(good night).Auf Wiedersehenmeans
"goodbye."
Livings Conditions
Germans take great pride in their homes; most spend about 10% of their income on home
furnishings and decoration. Families live in small houses or apartments with a kitchen, a
bathroom, a living room, and one or two bedrooms. Young children often share a bedroom.
Germans receive high-quality medical care, and the life expectancy (the average age a
person can expect to live to) is seventy-two years for men and seventy-nine years for
women. The German love of beer has taken its toll on the nation's health: alcoholism
follows smoking as one of the nation's leading causes of death.
Culture Heritage
In music, Germany is famous for its great composers, including Johann Sebastian Bach
(1685–1750), Ludwig van Beethoven (1770–1827), Felix Mendelssohn (1809– 47), Robert
Schumann (1886–1963), Johannes Brahms (1833–97), and Richard Wagner (1813–83). Well-
known twentieth-century composers include Paul Hindemith (1895–1963), Kurt Weill
(1900–50), Karlheinz Stockhausen (1928–), Carl Orff (1895–1982), and Hans Werner Henze
(1926–).
In literature, Germany's greatest names include Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749–1832),
Friedrich von Schiller (1759–1805), Heinrich Heine (1797–1856), and Rainer Maria Rilke
(1875–1926). Modern German writers include Bertolt Brecht (1898–1956), Nobel Prize
winner Thomas Mann (1875–1955), Günter Grass (1927–), and Nobel Prize winner Heinrich
Böll (1917–85).

A great early name in German visual arts is that of Albrecht Durer, whose masterpieces
include both paintings and woodcuts. In the twentieth century, German artists worked in
the Expressionist movement. In 1919, German architect Walter Gropius founded the famous
Bauhaus school of art and design. This school had a great influence on architecture around
the world.
Food
The traditional German diet is high in starch (noodles and dumplings in the south, potatoes
in the north).Würste(sausages)—in hundreds of varieties—are a staple throughout the
country. Bread is usually eaten at every meal. In addition, the Germans are famous for their
love of beer.
Various regions have their own special foods. They includeWeisswurst(light-colored
sausage) and Black Forest cherry cake in the south.Labskaus(stew), seafood dishes, and
bean soup with bacon (Bohnensuppe mit Speck) are favorites in the north. Spaetzle, tiny
dumplings, are enjoyed by all Germans. A recipe for spaetzle follows.
Recipe
Spaetzle
Ingredients
 4 cups flour
 1 teaspoon salt
 ¼ teaspoon pepper
 2 cups chicken broth (canned is
fine)
 4 eggs
 ¼ cup milk
 2 Tablespoons butter
 ½ cup bread crumbs
Directions
1. Combine flour, salt, and pepper in a large bowl.
2. In a smaller bowl, blend broth, eggs, and milk.
3. Add liquid to flour mixture, beating vigorously for about 2 minutes.
4. Force dough through a large-holed colander.
5. Bring a large kettle of salted water to a boil. Gently add the dough bits, and simmer
gently for about 5 minutes. Spaetzle will float to the surface when done.
6. Drain spaetzle and rinse with cold water.
7. Melt butter in a skillet, and add boiled spaetzle. Cook, shaking the pan, until the
spaetzle are lightly browned. Sprinkle finished spaetzle with bread crumbs and serve.
While it may be tasty, the traditional German diet, with its cold meats, starches, sugary
desserts, and beer, is high in calories and cholesterol. Many Germans are trying to change
their eating habits in order to improve their health.
Most Germans eat their main meal at noon and prefer a lighter, often cold, supper.
Germans keep the knife and fork in their hands while eating and consider it bad manners to
place a hand under the table, on one's lap.

Employments
The total labour force of Germany numbers over 37 million people. Of these, nearly two
million are foreign workers, including Turks, citizens of parts of the former Yugoslavia, and
Italians.
The German workday begins early. Many people employed in factories start work at
7:00AM, and most stores and offices are open by 8:00. Labourers in industry usually work a
little more than thirty-five hours a week. Two of Germany's largest employers are auto
manufacturers. Daimler Chrysler (producer of the Mercedes-Benz) employs over 320,000
people worldwide. Nearly half of all German workers belong to labour unions.
There is an extensive social security net and job security is very important. Wages are high,
making the German labour force one of the best paid in the world. The German currency,
the Deutsche Mark (German Mark), ranks among the strongest currencies in the world.
Sports
Football (the game that Americans call soccer) is Germany's most popular sport. Germany
has a tradition of world-class gymnasts. Other popular sports include shooting, handball,
golf, horseback riding, and tennis. In tennis, Germany has produced two recent world
masters: Steffi Graf and Boris Becker.
Recreational sports include hiking, bicycling, camping, sailing, and swimming, as well as both
downhill skiing and cross-country skiing in the country's alpine regions.
Crafts and Hobbies
In their homes or in small shops, German craftspeople still produce works of art and
souvenirs, including the cuckoo clocks for which they are famous. The wood carvings
produced in Bavaria are world-famous.
Social Problems
The high cost of the unification of East and West Germany, plus a worldwide recession,
weakened the German economy in the early 1990s. Other challenges facing Germany
include reducing pollution and providing enough housing at prices people can afford. As
unemployment has increased, tensions between immigrants and Germans have led to
discrimination and even violence.
The area that was East Germany still requires much social and economic rebuilding to make
up for the lower living standards that took place there under the communist government.
Festivals in Germany
There are plenty more top German festivals to experience, where you can join your German
counterparts in celebrating everything from beer to books. These mainly festivals in
Germany:-
 Berlin International Film Festival
 Rock am Ring and Rock im Park
 Oktoberfest
 Festival-Mediaval
 Leipzig Book Fair
 Karneval

TOURIST DESTINATIONS PLACES IN GERMANY
Germany has so much to offer its visitors: sprawling alps, winding rivers, lush valleys, and
about 20,000 elegant castles. The country also has an incredibly complicated history,
reflected in its many monuments and museums. There are so many attraction places in
Germany.
1. HEIDELBERGER SCHLOSS, HEIDELBERG:
Though now in ruins, Heidelberger Schloss (Heidelberg
Castle) remains an impressive structure that can be seen
from nearly anywhere in Heidelberg. Once at the top,
take in the views of the city below (including the Neckar
River and the Old Bridge), take in the impressive
Renaissance architecture, roam the castle’s gardens, and
visit the Heidelberg Tun - the World’s Largest Wine
Barrel! For these reasons and more, Heidelberg is considered one of the best cities to visit in
Germany.
 Best time to visit: The castle is open year-round, with the heaviest crowds in the summer.
Visit in the spring for good weather but less crowds.
 Entrance fee: EUR 7 for adults, EUR 4 reduced (includes use of the Funicular Railway, Great
Tun, German Apothecary Museum)
2. FERNSEHTURM (TELEVISION TOWER), BERLIN: It’s
impossible to miss the towering Fernsehturm as you
explore Berlin! Standing 368 metres tall, the Television
Tower is the tallest structure in Germany and was
originally built by the German Democratic Republic as a
symbol of communist power. you can also visit its
observation deck for incredible panoramic views of the
cosmopolitan city of Berlin. Be sure to grab a drink at
the bar or, if you’re really feeling fancy, have a bite at
the tower’s rotating restaurant.
 Best time to visit: Visit late at night (21:00 - 23:00) for cheaper tickets and sparkling views of
the city
 Entrance fee: Adults from EUR 13 and children from EUR 8.50.

3. ROTHENBURG OB DER TAUBER, ANSBACH OF
MITTELFRANKEN: With so much to offer its visitors, we’re
considering the entire town of Rothenburg ob der Tauber one of
Germany’s top tourist attractions. Prepare to step back in time,
as this medieval town has been virtually untouched since the
early 1600s.
 Best time to visit: Rothenburg ob der Tauber can be fairly
crowded year-round, and is beautiful in all seasons. Visit in
December for some gorgeous Christmas markets.
 Entrance fee: Free
4. BRANDENBURG GATE, BERLIN: Though Berlin has many famous monuments; the
Brandenburg Gate The monument was built in 1791 in honor of King Frederick William II and
is modelled after the Acropolis in Athens.
 Best time to visit: This attraction is best seen at night, when you can enjoy it shining in its
surrounding yellow floodlights while eating some street food.
5. KÖLNER DOM (COLOGNE CATHEDRAL), COLOGNE: A
gorgeous example of High Gothic architecture, the Cologne
Cathedral is the main attraction for this German city.
 Best time to visit: The Cathedral is usually open from 6:00 –
21:00 and 13:00 – 16:30 on Sundays. Do plan a visit on a Sunday
if you wish to attend a church service.
 Entrance fee: EUR 3
6. NEUSCHWANSTEIN CASTLE, FÜSSEN: Perhaps one of the
most photographed tourist attractions in Germany,
Neuschwanstein is an impressive fairytale-like castle that inspired
Walt Disney to create his most famous park, Magic Kingdom. In
fact, it is quite easy to see the resemblance between this 19th-
century castle and Cinderella’s castle.
 Best time to visit: Visit during the winter months for fewer
crowds and spectacular views of the castle and surrounding hills
covered in snow
 Entrance fee: EUR 13. Free for children under 18

7 OKTOBERFEST, MUNICH : You’ll have to plan wisely if you plan
to visit this tourist attraction, as it only happens once a year over
the course of 16 to 18 days. Running from the end of September
until the first weekend of October, Oktoberfest attracts an
incredible 6 million visitors every year.
 Best time to visit: Runs only from the end of September until the
beginning of October. Be sure to research specific dates in advance.
 Entrance fee: Free (varies by location)
8. BERLIN WALL, BERLIN: No visit to Berlin is complete without
seeing one of the world’s most famous walls. The Berlin Wall
(Berliner Mauer) separated East Germany (including East Berlin)
from West Berlin from 1961 until 1990, when it was eventually
demolished. Sections of the wall, often graffitied with political
messages and symbols of peace, can also be found throughout the
city — and around the world!
 Best time to visit: Anytime. The memorial site is open from
Monday to Sunday 8:00 – 22:00
9. DACHAU CONCENTRATION CAMP, UPPER BAVARIA: Though far
more sombre than many of the tourist attractions on this list, a
visit to Dachau is an incredibly humbling experience that every
visitor to Germany should take in. Dachau was one of the first
concentration camps, opened by the Nazis in 1933. Now, it is a
memorial site opened to public visits.
 Best time to visit: Anytime of the year. However, it is best to visit
during warmer months as there is a lot to see outside.
 Entrance fee: Free (EUR 3* for an audio guide)
10. MINIATUR WUNDERLAND, HAMBURG: You don’t have to be a train or transportation
aficionado to appreciate this miniature wonder. Located in the centre of Speicherstadt, the
city’s historical district, this model railway (the world’s largest) will transport you from the
Austrian Alps to Las Vegas and back again, all using more than 15,000 meters of track, 1,300
trains, and about 400,000 human figurines! You’ll want a couple of hours at least to
appreciate the sheer scale and amount of fine detail at Miniatur Wunderland.
 Best time to visit: Visit on a weekday as soon as it opens (08:00) to avoid heavy crowds
 Entrance fee: EUR 13 for adults and EUR 6.50 for children under 16.

11. SANSSOUCI PARK AND PALACE, POTSDAM: With a
steep staircase leading up to this summer palace’s once
copper dome and long yellow walls, you’d be forgiven for
mistaking the Sanssouci summer palace for France’s
Versailles. In fact, the two are often compared.
The word 'sanssouci' means 'without worry'. The Palace
was built for rest and relaxation for Frederick the Great
between 1745 and 1747.
After visiting the Palace, be sure to stroll through the
beautiful garden that contains more than 3,000 fruit
trees.
 Best time to visit: Between May and October (to avoid any
closures or limited operating hours)
 Entrance fee: EUR 12
12. INSEL MAINAU, LAKE CONSTANCE: Floating in Lake
Constance, near the city of Konstanz, you will find a small
garden island named Mainau, another famous tourist
attraction in Germany. Covering about 110 acres of land,
the island is nicknamed ‘Flower Island’ as it is covered in
parks and gardens teeming with vibrant, colorful flowers
and about 500 species of trees, along with beautiful
sculptures and fountainsBesides the lovely garden, Mainau
is also home to a tropical climate greenhouse and
thousands of fluttering butterflies.
 Best time to visit: Visit in the spring to enjoy the trees and flowers in full bloom
 Entrance fee: In summer, EUR 21 for adults, EUR 12 for students and free for children under
12. Half price entry after 5pm. In winter, EUR 10 for adults, EUR 6 for students and free for
children under 12.
Germany is a country full of interesting sites, rich culture, vibrant cities, stunning historical
architecture, and lovely European landscapes. There is so much to see and do for the avid
traveller. We suggest you take the time and explore all of these 12 sights, guaranteed you
won't regret it!
 *Please note: prices listed in the article are as of December, 2017

Tourism Development in Germany
Demand: A positive trendofdemand: 13 % increasein touristarrivalsand11 % increasein
overnightstayswithinjust 5 years
Demand: Germany maintains It stop position of overnight stays in Europe …

Foreign and Domestic Market
German visitors present around80 % of tourism arrivals and overnight stays…
Foreign Demand: Foreign tourist’s origin especially from the Netherlands, Switzerland,
the USA and Great Britain…

Foreign Destinations: German tourists spent their holidays abroad mainly in Spain and
Italy…
Success Factors of German Tourism
Success Factor: Structure: Example: Implementation of the national theme year of UNESCO
World Heritage …
Success Factor: Target Group Orientation: The main groups of guests:

Success Factor: Target Group Orientation: Central markets with growth
potential…
Success Factor: Quality Development: Success factor: Preserving quality
along the entire service chain…

Conclusions
Germany's central and southern regions have forested hills and mountains cut through by
the Danube, Main, and Rhine river valleys. In the north, the landscape flattens out to a wide
plain that stretches to the North Sea. Germany is located at the heart of Europe and has
shaped its history both for good and bad. It has been bordered with nine neighbouring
country, which is more than any other European country.
Most part of Germany is covered with the wood, and it’s the most famous area of Germany,
it is in the southern west part of the country near Swiss Border. This is the Black Forest, a
mountainous region full of pines and fir trees. This forest contains the source of the Danube,
one of the longest rivers of Europe.
Today, life in Germany is subject to a great diversity of cultural influences. It can generally
be described as modern and cosmopolitan. The people of Germany love nothing more than
gathering together and celebrating, the carnival seasons in their traditional way at wine,
Oktoberfest and other beer festivals.
The German government works hard to protect the country's wildlife. There are 97 nature
reserves in Germany, the biggest of which is the Black Forest.
Hence, it can be concluded that Geography is fundamental to the study of tourism,
because tourism is geographical in nature. Tourism occurs in places, it involves movement
and activities between places and it is an activity in which both place characteristics and
personal self-identities are formed, through relationships that are created among places,
landscapes and people.
Physical geography provides the essential background, against which tourism places are
created and environmental impacts and major issues that must be considered in managing
the development of tourism places.
These are some characteristics are related tourism system in geography.
 Rural tourism : Focused on countryside
 Urban tourism : Focused on town & cities
 Spa tourism : Travel for health & wellness
 Sport tourism: Focused on spectators travelling to sports events.
 Eco tourism : Based on nature
 Heritage tourism: Focused on heritage cities and Heritage buildings.
Germany is a country of incredible variety, and the main reason is geography.

Germany

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