Geopolymer_concrete2.0 gagghhhjajjaj.pptx

“Effect of low calcium fly-ash on mechanical
properties of one part geopolymer concrete”
4CE31: PROJECT-I
Semester-I, AY: 2023-24
Review-I
Group ID: BVM/CIVIL/2023-24/024
ID No. : 20CE002
ID No. : 20CE004
ID No. : 20CE005
ID No. : 20CE080
Faculty Guide/Industry Guide:
Dr. Deepa A. Sinha,
Dr. Elizabeth George,
Prof. Poorav Shah
Birla Vishvakarma Mahavidyalaya (Engineering College)
(An Autonomous Institution)
Affiliated to Gujarat Technological University

Overview:
 Introduction.
 Literature Review & Outcome.
 Research gap.
 Problem Statement and Aim.
 Scope and Objectives of project work.
 Expected Outcome of project work.
 Methodology of working on project.
 Time-line of project work (in bar-chart format).
 References.
09-03-2024 Geopolymer concrete with different activators 2

Introduction:
• Concrete is known as a significant contributor to the emission of greenhouse gases into the
environment and hence increased the greenhouse effect. The cement industry is the major
producer of the CO2 gas.
• Henceforth, reduction in CO2 emission and providing alternative environment-friendly materials
have become the necessity and subject of modern society.
• Production of OPC is an energy-intensive process that approximately consumes the world’s 12-15%
total industrial energy.
• Approximately 1 ton of CO2 is produced for every 1 ton of cement.
• There are two ways to reduce the cement usage: (1) Partially replace the cement in concrete Ex:
HIGH VOLUME FLY ASH CONCRETE (>50% cement is replace with fly ash) (2) Develop
alternative material Ex: GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE.

Why geopolymer concrete?
• Geopolymer concrete is an innovative, eco-friendly construction material. It has the
potential to substantially control the CO2 emission.
• It reduces the demand of OPC which leads to CO2 emission
• In geopolymer concrete cement is not used as a binding material.
• It utilize waste materials from industries such as fly ash, silica fume, GGBS.
• Protect water bodies from contamination due to fly ash disposal.
• Produce a more durable infrastructure.
• Manufacturing of geopolymer consumes about 60% less energy and lead to 60%-80%
fewer CO2 emission than ordinary Portland cement (OPC).

Literature review & outcome:
• Review paper: 1
Title: Experimental study of one-part geopolymer using different alkali sources (2020).
Authors: Shuntian Ouyang, Weiquan Chen, Zongtang Zhang, Xinming Li, Wenfeng Zhu.
Summary: This paper investigates the feasibility of combining different solid alkali materials as
activator to prepare one-part geopolymer mortars.
• Review paper: 2
Title: Effect of GGBFS on setting, workability and early strength properties of fly ash geopolymer
concrete cured in ambient condition (2014).
Authors: Pradip Nath, Prabir Kumar Sarker.
Summary: This study aimed to achieve fly ash-based geopolymers suitable for curing without
elevated heat.

• Review paper: 3
Title: Characteristic of One-Part Geopolymer as Building Materials (2021).
Authors: Liew Yun Ming, Ooi Wan En, Heah Cheng Yong, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah.
Summary: Solid activators namely sodium hydroxide, sodium silicate, sodium carbonate, sodium
oxide, sodium aluminate, calcium hydroxide, potassium carbonate and so on were used
to produce dry binders that can initiate geopolymerization when water is added.

Sr.
No.
Title of the paper
& year of
publication
Journal & Author
details
Summary of paper Findings/outcome of paper
1. Experimental study
of one-part
geopolymer using
different alkali
sources (2020).
(Journal of Physics:
Conference Series)
Authors:-
Shuntian Ouyang,
Weiquan Chen,
Zongtang Zhang,
Xinming Li, Wenfeng
Zhu.
• This paper
investigates the
feasibility of
combining different
solid alkali
materials as
activator to
prepare one-part
geopolymer
mortars.
• The effects of
different composite
solid activators on
aluminosilicate
materials were
studied.
• use of solid alkali materials such as
sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide,
and sodium silicate can be effective in
producing one-part geopolymer.
• compressive strength of the geopolymer
increased with the increase in the
concentration of the alkali activator.

Sr.
No.
Title of the paper
& year of
publication
Journal & Author
details
Summary of paper Findings/outcome of paper
2. Effect of GGBFS on
setting, workability
and early strength
properties
of fly ash
geopolymer concrete
cured in ambient
condition (2014).
(Journal of Materials in
Civil Engineering)
Authors:-
Pradip Nath, Prabir
Kumar Sarker
• This study aimed to
achieve fly ash-based
geopolymers suitable for
curing without elevated
heat.
• Inclusion of GGBFS with Class F
fly ash helped achieve setting time
and compressive strength
comparable to those of ordinary
Portland cement (OPC).
3. Characteristic of
One-Part
Geopolymer as
Building Materials
(2021).
Authors:-
Liew Yun Ming, Ooi
Wan En, Heah Cheng
Yong, Mohd Mustafa Al
Bakri Abdullah.
• Safety concerns in
handling alkali solution for
traditional geopolymer
have prompted the
development of one-part
geopolymer where
activating solution is
replaced by solid
activators.
• Solid activators have to be easily
soluble in water to create alkaline
environment then only able to
promote geopolymerization.
• Depending on the local availability,
as long as materials consist of
aluminium and/or silica, they could
be developed into one-part
geopolymer.

Research Gap:
• The investigations on the effects of mineral admixtures on various type of aluminosilicate source materials can
be performed.
• Mineral admixtures can be used in combinations as a hybrid admixture to enhance the properties of
geopolymer paste, mortar and concrete.
• The long-term mechanical and durability properties of geopolymer products with the inclusion of mineral
admixture may further be investigated.
• The optimum quantity of various mineral admixtures for geopolymer paste, mortar and concrete needs to be
determined to keep the cost optimization in consideration.
• A relationship between optimum quantity and characteristics of mineral admixture geopolymer products needs
to be determined.
• Most of the research work seen to be limited to mechanical properties of geopolymer mortars and concrete an
extensive research need to be conducted on permeability aspect.
• Optimization, fresh, mechanical, microstructural and durability properties of geopolymer concrete along with
mathematical modeling of geopolymer concrete behavior requires extensive research.
• The variation in properties of ambient temperature cured geopolymer mortar and concrete prepared in
controlled laboratory conditions and field conditions need to be investigated.

Problem statement:
• Geopolymer materials are finding its way towards replacing conventional construction materials as
green materials, but still, the research is limited to heat curing conditions.
• The scope of acceptability of geopolymer products such as geopolymer mortar, paste and concrete
can be expanded if they can suitably and economically be developed at ambient temperature curing
conditions.
• This study investigated the recent development in geopolymer products with the inclusion of various
mineral admixtures.
Aim:
• To investigate the use of fly ash-based geopolymers as a sustainable alternative to ordinary Portland
cement (OPC) concrete.

Scope of the work:
1. Materials Selection: Identify and select Class F fly ash as the primary precursor material. Identify and
selection of different alkaline activators, such as sodium silicate, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, and
calcium hydroxide, for the study.
2. Experimental Program: Develop a systematic experimental program to prepare geopolymer concrete
mixes using the selected alkaline activators. Design mix proportions that maintain a consistent fly ash-to-
activator ratio for each combination.
3. Sample Preparation: Prepare geopolymer concrete specimens according to established mix designs,
considering factors like curing time, curing temperature, and specimen size.
4. Mechanical Testing: Conduct comprehensive mechanical testing, including compressive strength and
flexural strength measurements, on cured geopolymer concrete specimens produced with different
activator combinations.

Objectives of the project:
 To utilize industrial waste materials like fly-ash or slag reducing consumption of natural resources like
limestone used in cement production.
 To check the effect of different activator on the long-term compressive strength of geopolymer concrete.
 To evaluate and compare mechanical, physical, durability properties of geopolymer concrete produced by
different activators.
Expected Outcome of work:
 To produce geopolymer concrete by using fly-ash as a binder and alkaline activators.
 To achieve comparable strength geopolymer concrete.

Methodology of working on project:
Materials and equipments used in our
project:
• Fly-ash
• Na2SiO3 activator
• Water
• Coarse aggregate (kapchi)
• Fine aggregate (sand)
• Pan-mixer
• Universal testing
machine
• Compaction factor
apparatus

Preparing of fly-ash based geopolymer concrete of
density 400 kg/m3 with 14% Na2SiO3 activator
Quantity of material used:
Fly-ash = 4.5 kg
Na2SiO3 activator = 630 gm
Coarse Agg = 13.10 kg
Fine Agg = 7.10 kg
Water = 1.60 kg
Mix Design

Steps of working:-
1. First we take weight of all material on weighting
machine.
2. After weighting all material, we put all the ingredients
in pan-mixing machine excluding water and start the
pan-mixer.
3. Then we start mixing for 2-4 min in dry state.
4. After initial mixing we add water and again start
mixing all the ingredients for 2-4 min.
5. The fresh mix is taken out and then we go for
compaction factor test to check the workability of
fresh concrete. Fig 1: Pan mixture

• In this test first we find the weight of empty cylinder
(W).
• Then we place the concrete sample in the upper
hopper using the trowels and level it.
• Now Open the trapdoor at the bottom of the upper
hopper so that concrete fall into the lower hopper. Push
the concrete sticking on its sides with the rod.
• Again we Open the trapdoor of the lower hopper
allowing the concrete to fall into the cylinder below. And
also level the concrete on top of the cylinder.
• Then Cleaning the outside of the cylinder And Weight
the cylinder with concrete. This weight is known as the
weight of partially compacted concrete (W1).
• Vibrator is used to achieve the full compaction in
concrete.
• Now Weight the cylinder with fully compacted. This
weight is known as the weight of fully compacted
concrete (W2).
• The compaction factor value is calculated by using the
following relation:
Compaction Factor Value= (W1-W) / (W2-W)
Compaction Factor Test Procedure:
Fig 2: Compaction factor apparatus

6. After compaction factor test we poured the concrete in three
cubical moulds of size 150mm x 150mm x 150mm.
7. We use vibrator for compaction so as not to have any air
voids in concrete.
8. After 24 hours we remove the moulds and put the
specimens at atmospheric temperature for curing. (No water
curing is done).
9. These specimens are tested by compression testing
machine after seven days curing or 28 days curing.
10. Load should be applied gradually till the Specimens fails.
Load at the failure divided by area of specimen gives the
compressive strength of concrete.
Fig 3: Casting cubes

Result of the Project work (till now):
• Compaction factor test result-
W = weight of empty cylindrical mould =13.060 kg
W1 = weight of partially compacted concrete = 25.510 kg
W2 = weight of fully compacted concrete = 26.735 kg
Compaction factor value = (W1-W) / (W2-W)
= (25.510-13.060) / (26.735-13.060)
= 0.91
The Compaction factor values ranges from 0.7 to 0.95

Conclusion : In our project work the compaction factor value comes out to be
0.91 which lies in the range of 0.85 to 0.92. Therefore the workability of our concrete is
between low to medium.

• Compressive strength test result (for 7 days)-
Sample of specimen Compressive Strength in
(N/mm2)
• Cube no.1 43.2
• Cube no.2 40.1
• Cube no.3 35.4
 Average Compressive Strength =39.56

Time-line of project work (in bar-chart
format):
7/19/2023 7/24/2023 7/29/2023 8/3/2023 8/8/2023 8/13/2023 8/18/2023 8/23/2023
Literature Reivew
Mix design
Casting
Compaction test
Curing
Copmression test
Result overview
Literature
Reivew
Mix design
Casting
Compaction
test
Curing
Copmression
test
Result
overview
27-07-2023 03-08-2023 09-08-2023 7/27/2023
8/3/2023
8/9/2023
8/9/2023
8/10/2023
8/17/2023
8/18/2023
Days of Completion 8
2
1
1
7
1
1
Gantt chart

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