Northern Africa is located between the Atlantic Ocean and Red Sea, with the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Sahara Desert to the south. The Sahara is the largest hot desert in the world. The Nile River flows north through Egypt from tropical Africa to the Mediterranean Sea and has supported agriculture for centuries. Northern Africa has a variety of climates from Mediterranean to desert to steppe and produces crops like wheat, barley, olives, and cotton. It also has oil, gas, and mineral resources. Egypt was home to ancient civilizations along the Nile and was later controlled by European powers. Today, the region includes the diverse cultures and languages of Egyptians, Berbers, and Bedouins in countries like

1. NORTHERN AFRICA

2. Physical FeaturesAtlantic Ocean to the Red SeaMediterranean to the North, Sahara to the South

3. Sahara Desert – largest hot desertErgs of the SaharaRegs of the Sahara

4. The Nile RiverAbove: The Nile is like an oasis in the desertTop Right: For centuries, farming has been a major way of life around the NileBottom Right: The Nile flows north, as the delta empties into the Mediterranean Sea; the Sinai Peninsula to the east

5. Climate, Vegetation, and Animals3 main climate regionsMediterranean ClimateDesert ClimateSteppe Climate

6. ResourcesCrops of wheat, barley, olives, grapes, citrus fruits, and cottonFishingOil and GasIron Ore and MineralsCopper, Gold, and SilverAbove: An oil refinery in Libya

7. History Pyramids and hieroglyphics left by the Ancient EgyptiansEuropean control in Africa

8. CultureEgyptians, Berbers, and BedouinsArabic LanguageMuslim Religion

9. Egypt TodayA fellahin of EgyptEgypt’s capital city, CairoCarpet making is one of the oldest crafts of Egypt’s textile industry

10. Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco Today Above Left: Libya’s coastlineAbove: Casbah of Algiers in AlgeriaLeft: Free port of Tangier in Morocco

11. Picture CitationsSlide 2mappery.comSlide 3thundafunda.comweru.ksu.edutravelswithsheila.comSlide 4litestraboen.blogspot.comsb.westfordk12.usegyptpyramid.orgSlide 5krittergirlkorner.blogspot.comontfin.commarkeisingbirding.nlanimalcorner.co.ukresearchlearningcenter.comSlide 6majo.rsSlide 7levechad.blogspot.comegypthistorytourism.blogspot.com001yourtranslationservice.comSlide 8samsonblinded.orgSlide 9thefullwiki.orgworld-mysteries.comthomaswhite.comSlide 10the-peoples-forum.comdalje.comtripadvisor.com