Northern Africa is located between the Atlantic Ocean and Red Sea, with the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Sahara Desert to the south. The Sahara is the largest hot desert in the world. The Nile River flows north through Egypt from tropical Africa to the Mediterranean Sea and has supported agriculture for centuries. Northern Africa has a variety of climates from Mediterranean to desert to steppe and produces crops like wheat, barley, olives, and cotton. It also has oil, gas, and mineral resources. Egypt was home to ancient civilizations along the Nile and was later controlled by European powers. Today, the region includes the diverse cultures and languages of Egyptians, Berbers, and Bedouins in countries like