For Educational Purposes Only

3. 4 Fundamental Forces

4. Electric forces try to break the nucleus
apart, while the strong nuclear force tries
to bind the nucleus together. In larger
atoms, the electric force of repulsion may
break the nucleus apart, resulting in a
form of radiation called alpha decay.

6. Radioactivity is the release of
energy from the decay of the
nuclei of certain kinds of
atoms and isotopes.

7. When the atoms of an element
have extra neutrons or protons
it creates extra energy in the
nucleus and causes the atom to
become unbalanced or
unstable.

9. • French physicist who discovered radioactivity through his
investigations of uranium and other substances. In 1903 he
shared the Nobel for Physics with Pierre and Marie Curie.
• He hypothesized that the uranium would absorb light and reemit it
as x-rays. He put the uranium on photographic plates. He
developed the plates and observed that the uranium had, in fact,
emitting radiation similar to x-rays.
Antoine Henri Bacquerel

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11. • Polish and naturalised- French physicist and chemist who conducted
pioneering research on radioactivity. She was the first women to win
the Noble Prize, the first person to win a Noble Prize twice and the
only person to win a Nobel Prize in two scientific fields.
• She suggested that the powerful rays, or energy, the
polonium and radium gave off were actually particles from
tiny atoms that were disintegrating inside the elements.

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19. β
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