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Gender Roles in Food Security
- 1. GENDER ROLES IN FOOD SECURITY KOLLIESUAH, NELSON PAPI GULU UNIVERSITY
- 2. WHAT IS GENDER? • Socially constructed characteristics of women and men – such as norms, roles and relationships of and between groups of women and men. • It varies from society to society and can be changed!
- 3. Women Roles in Food and Nutrition Security Women take care of domestic chores: - collecting water and firewood - crop and livestock farming/Animal Husbandry - sell harvest - Care (Health) and education of families - Fishing
- 4. Women Roles in Food and Nutrition Security • Select and prepare foods • Income and investment in families • What else???
- 5. Factors affecting Women’s roles in Food Security • Limited access to land (less than 10% have access in Nepal, India, Thailand) – traditional land tenure systems denied them ownership (without land, they are denied access to cooperatives) • Lack access to collateral - No land or permanent access! • Limited access to education (Cultural)
- 6. Factors affecting Women Women’s roles in Food Security • Fewer employment – lower wages, less access to resources, less involvement in decision making, lower enrollment • Limited access to credit • Limited access to information and technology • Low level participation in decision making
- 7. Factors affecting Women Women’s roles in Food Security • Limited access to inputs/agricultural resources • Early marriage – nutrition during life cycle
- 8. Breaking the barriers • Women rights to food: right to education, trainings and extension services, employment etc. • Access to land and natural resources: reforming of laws on tenure and land and resources distribution including marital and inheritance laws, to become gender equal • - Recognize customary land rights and work with - peasant unions, village authorities (Culture stronger than laws in some areas). • Experience from Papua New Guinea!
- 9. Breaking the barriers • Women’s equal participation in labor markets: • improved access to education( reduces wage gap) • Skills building in extension and vocational trainings • policies actions towards school enrollment of girls, • health interventions (immunization, nutrition in the life cycle), • conditional cash transfer programs
- 10. Breaking the barriers • Women’s access to financial services: - Offer financial literacy training - Improving social capital ( access to Rotating credits and savings Associations (ROCSA)) • - Use technology and innovative delivery channels – mobile phone payment, prepaid cards
- 11. Breaking the barriers • Closing the technology gap: • - Introduction of water sources – hand pumps avoid long distances (school enrollment rose by 20% in Morocco). • Used of improved inputs and extension services (Long handle hoes ease burden for women compared to short ones in Burkina Faso, Zambia and Zimbabwe) • Hiring female extension agents deliver needed results • Scaling farmers field school