Gender Equality as a Vehicle for Achieving Inclusive and Sustainable Growth
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This document summarizes a workshop on gender equality and inclusive growth in Central and East Asia. It finds that societies with gender equality tend to have better economic development and companies with diverse leadership perform better financially. However, while Central Asia initially made progress on gender equality during the Soviet era, advances have faced setbacks since transitions to independence. The financial crisis of 2009 further exacerbated inequality. Specific issues discussed include unequal access to education, health, economic opportunities and decision-making between men and women as well as stereotypes and gendered migration patterns. The document argues for policies promoting empowerment of both men and women to build more resilient and inclusive societies.
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Gender Equality as a Vehicle for Achieving Inclusive and Sustainable Growth
- 1. Gender equality as a vehicle for achieving inclusive and sustainable growth Sub-regional Workshop on Millennium Development Goals and the Post 2015 Development Framework for Central and East Asia 26-28 September 2012, Almaty, Kazakhstan Koh Miyaoi Gender Practice Leader UNDP Bratislava Regional Centre
- 2. Inclusiveness aids growth • Societies based on equality tend to perform better in development. • Companies with diverse executive boards perform better in profit-making. • Inclusiveness implies both participation and benefit-sharing. • Participation without benefit-sharing will make growth unjust. • Limited participation will lead to missing out on human capital.
- 3. In the framework of its evidence-based policy and advocacy work the BRC Gender Team conducted a Gender Mapping study to identify and demonstrate the existing gender equality challenges analyzing data and trends at a sub- regional level BALKANS CAUCASUS CENTRAL ASIA CENTRAL AND WESTERN EUROPE Albania Armenia Kazakhstan EASTERN Austria Bosnia and Herzegovina Azerbaijan Kyrgyzstan EUROPE Belgium Croatia Georgia Tajikistan Bulgaria Denmark Cyprus Moldova, Republic Turkmenistan Czech Republic Finland Kosovo of Uzbekistan Estonia France Montenegro Ukraine Hungary Germany Serbia Latvia Greece T he FYR of Macedonia Lithuania Ireland Turkey Poland Italy Romania Luxembourg Slovakia Malta Slovenia Netherlands Portugal Spain Sweden United Kingdom
- 5. Central Asia • Relatively strong gender equality indicators compared to the rest of the world, particularly during the Soviet era. • Robust growth in the first decade of the 21st century. • Advances made in gender equality experiencing set-backs since the transition. • 2009/2010 financial crisis aggravated gender inequality.
- 6. Gender Equality and Education Gender Equality and Health Gender Equality in Decision Making Gender Equality and Economic Opportunities Gender Equality and Stereotypes Gender and Migrations Gender Equality and Policy Implications
- 7. Gender Equality and Education
- 8. Gender Equality and Health
- 9. Gender Equality and Health
- 10. Gender Equality and Health
- 11. Gender Equality in Decision Making
- 15. Gender Equality and Stereotypes
- 16. Gender and Migrations – Tajikistan Migrant Remittances to Tajikistan – ILO, 2010 Household Survey – Families with Migrants 95% Migrants aged 25-55 Of IMMIGRANTS 67% are MEN Migrants aged 26-33 Migrants aged over 46 are Are MORE likely LEAST likely to send to send remittances remittances 90% High dependancy on remittances Of families with one parent are headed by a WOMAN 30% of GDP 50% of Household Income 100% of Household Income For more than 60% of families For more than 30% of families
- 17. Gender Equality and Policy Implications How gender equality evolves as development proceeds
- 18. Inclusion and Resilience • A society, free from gender stereotypes, and where every man and woman have the opportunity and capacity to contribute to development is a resilient society. • A society in which individuals are not given a choice and opportunity to make the best of their human capital regardless of their gender is not a resilient one. • Empowerment of men and women will lead to a resilient society.
- 19. Thank You Follow me on Twitter: @kohmiyaoi
- 20. For more information Please visit our website http://europeandcis.undp.org/ourwork/gender/ Contact us koh.miyaoi@undp.org barbora.galvankova@undp.org daniela.pizzoli@undp.org
Editor's Notes
- Central Asia countries, compared with the other sub-regions still have the biggest Gender Gap, according to the Gender Inequality Index (reflecting inequality in three dimensions: reproductive health, empowerment and the labour market)
- If we look at the data of enrollment ratio in both primary and secondary education there seems to be parity or even a small advantage for female students, however it doesn’t always mean that equality in education access is achieved: indeed the number of children out of school shows a higher number of girls missing out on education *number of all children out of school in the whole C.A countries tertiary enrollment presents different patterns. Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan have a higher presence of women, while Tajikistan and Uzbekistan are still far to achieve gender equality in the in universities
- Life expectancy gap in favor of womenMen and Women experience different health related problems, often linked to thir gender rolesHIV incidence is higher for men, that are living abroad as emigrant workers they are more exposed to risk of contracting the virus (having unprotected intercourses with prostitutes)
- Women in this region still face complicacies from child bearingSubregion with highest number of unsafe births, maternal mortality
- And therefore infant mortalityWith consequences on the whole family and society
- Even though women are more active in this region, compared to other subregion, their participation in the labour market is still lower than men and therefore women account only for 43% of the labour force
- Women still earn much less then men both for General Income Estimation and for Wages level for similar work
- There is still a relevant vertical segregation in the employment sector
- the presence of women in the labour market is still affected by traditional and cultural gender roles and stereotypesEvident correlation between enrollment rate of children in children gardens and female employment.Household survey in Kyrgyzstan reveals the difference of time usage for paid and unpaid work, and also a significant difference in the amount of worked hours in general 11 for W and 10 for M = in a month a woman works 3 days more than a man, and still gains less money.
- Likelihood of sending remittances home decreases, the longest the migrants are away