This document discusses various methods of measuring IPv6 adoption, including registry data from RIPE and APNIC, routing information from RIS, and active measurements from tools like RIPE Atlas, APNIC, Google, Cisco, Maxmind, and Alexa. Registry data shows that while Israel has 550% more registered IPv6 space than IPv4 space, IPv6 usage according to various measurement sources is only around 0.8-17.24%. The document cautions that IPv6 measurement data can vary in quality and interpretation.
ION Bucharest, 12 October 2016 - Today, we can say that IPv6 is already happening all around the world. It’s interesting to see the main reasons that made it happen, how it’s happening, and to make the audience think about their deployment status and strategy. Statistics from different sources are showed, including data from RIPE NCC measurements.
IPv6 for IXPs workshop - Manama - January 2016Kjell Leknes
Kjell Leknes gave a presentation on IPv6 adoption in the Middle East region at a workshop in Bahrain in January 2016. The presentation covered the internet registry system and the RIPE community, trends showing the impending exhaustion of IPv4 address space, policies and methods for obtaining more IPv4 addresses, the status of IPv6 allocations and adoption in the Middle East based on a rating system, and concluded by asking for any questions.
This document discusses RIPEstat, a one-stop-shop for Internet data and statistics. It provides access to registry data from the regional internet registries, routing data from the Routing Information Service, and measurement data from RIPE Atlas. Developers can access this data through RIPEstat's APIs to build applications and visualizations. RIPEstat sees over 30 million requests daily and covers use cases like analyzing routing, handling network abuse, and producing aggregated statistics. The presenter encourages using RIPEstat's extensive resources and provides contact information for additional questions.
Network Visualisation: Focus on RIPE AtlasRIPE NCC
This document provides an overview of the RIPE Atlas network measurement platform and tools for visualizing network data. It describes the RIPE Atlas probe network and available measurements, including built-in and custom measurements. Tools are presented for visualizing latency data from ping measurements (LatencyMON), DNS performance (DNSMON), and domain name server data (DomainMON). The document also discusses using the RIPE Atlas command line interface and APIs to interact with the platform and build custom visualizations. An invitation is extended to experiment with these tools.
The document discusses IPv6 adoption in Slovenia based on measurements from RIPE NCC. It finds that 95% of Slovenian members have IPv6 allocations, with 33% having full ("4 star") deployment. Most local IPv6 traffic stays within Slovenia, though a few paths traverse international exchanges. While IPv6 adoption progress is being made, full deployment and use by end users is still needed to earn the "5th star".
This document discusses measurement data and tools provided by RIPE NCC. It describes registry data from the regional internet registries and internet routing registry. It also describes routing data collected from RIPE NCC's Routing Information Service with over 18 collectors. Further, it discusses RIPE Atlas, a global network for internet measurements with over 10,000 probes. Tools like RIPEstat and visualizations are described that provide access and visualization of this measurement data.
This document discusses various methods of measuring IPv6 adoption, including registry data from RIPE and APNIC, routing information from RIS, and active measurements from tools like RIPE Atlas, APNIC, Google, Cisco, Maxmind, and Alexa. Registry data shows that while Israel has 550% more registered IPv6 space than IPv4 space, IPv6 usage according to various measurement sources is only around 0.8-17.24%. The document cautions that IPv6 measurement data can vary in quality and interpretation.
ION Bucharest, 12 October 2016 - Today, we can say that IPv6 is already happening all around the world. It’s interesting to see the main reasons that made it happen, how it’s happening, and to make the audience think about their deployment status and strategy. Statistics from different sources are showed, including data from RIPE NCC measurements.
IPv6 for IXPs workshop - Manama - January 2016Kjell Leknes
Kjell Leknes gave a presentation on IPv6 adoption in the Middle East region at a workshop in Bahrain in January 2016. The presentation covered the internet registry system and the RIPE community, trends showing the impending exhaustion of IPv4 address space, policies and methods for obtaining more IPv4 addresses, the status of IPv6 allocations and adoption in the Middle East based on a rating system, and concluded by asking for any questions.
This document discusses RIPEstat, a one-stop-shop for Internet data and statistics. It provides access to registry data from the regional internet registries, routing data from the Routing Information Service, and measurement data from RIPE Atlas. Developers can access this data through RIPEstat's APIs to build applications and visualizations. RIPEstat sees over 30 million requests daily and covers use cases like analyzing routing, handling network abuse, and producing aggregated statistics. The presenter encourages using RIPEstat's extensive resources and provides contact information for additional questions.
Network Visualisation: Focus on RIPE AtlasRIPE NCC
This document provides an overview of the RIPE Atlas network measurement platform and tools for visualizing network data. It describes the RIPE Atlas probe network and available measurements, including built-in and custom measurements. Tools are presented for visualizing latency data from ping measurements (LatencyMON), DNS performance (DNSMON), and domain name server data (DomainMON). The document also discusses using the RIPE Atlas command line interface and APIs to interact with the platform and build custom visualizations. An invitation is extended to experiment with these tools.
The document discusses IPv6 adoption in Slovenia based on measurements from RIPE NCC. It finds that 95% of Slovenian members have IPv6 allocations, with 33% having full ("4 star") deployment. Most local IPv6 traffic stays within Slovenia, though a few paths traverse international exchanges. While IPv6 adoption progress is being made, full deployment and use by end users is still needed to earn the "5th star".
This document discusses measurement data and tools provided by RIPE NCC. It describes registry data from the regional internet registries and internet routing registry. It also describes routing data collected from RIPE NCC's Routing Information Service with over 18 collectors. Further, it discusses RIPE Atlas, a global network for internet measurements with over 10,000 probes. Tools like RIPEstat and visualizations are described that provide access and visualization of this measurement data.
This document discusses the role and importance of National Network Operator Groups (NOGs) in supporting local internet communities. It notes that many early European Internet Exchange Points (IXPs) grew out of small operator communities. While IXP meetings were useful, they became too IXP-centric and did not allow discussion of other technical topics. NOGs emerged as a way to allow local operators to discuss regulations, technical limitations, and do business with one another. The RIPE NCC supports NOGs by providing annual funding and advice. While NOGs work well in many regions, cultural and geographic factors can limit their effectiveness in some areas like the Middle East. The document focuses on the growth and success of the Greek NOG community.
RIPE Atlas, Global Internet Measurement NetworkRIPE NCC
This document summarizes RIPE Atlas, a global Internet measurement network. It discusses the network's coverage in July 2016, with over 14,000 probes distributed across 206 active anchors. New features are highlighted, including increased measurement limits and improved documentation. Plans for future development include rewarding more user contributions. The status of the single RIPE Atlas anchor in Indonesia is examined, and potential measurements using the IXP-Jedi tool to analyze paths within Indonesia are proposed. The document encourages community involvement through using, researching, sponsoring, or contributing code to RIPE Atlas.
"Lost Stars" - Why Operators Switch Off IPv6RIPE NCC
This document summarizes a presentation given by Emile Aben at NANOG 66 in February 2016 about an analysis of internet service providers that had previously announced IPv6 address space but had since stopped routing it. The analysis found 462 providers had done this. Surveys of 69 respondents found that many had only been testing IPv6 and stopped when testing was complete or faced hardware, software, or routing issues. Others cited lack of customer demand or network changes as reasons for no longer routing their IPv6 space. The presentation examined the experiences of these providers and discussed challenges around IPv6 deployment and obtaining greater usage.
The (IPv6) Internet in Romania - RIPE NCC Data and ToolsRIPE NCC
The document discusses IPv6 deployment and statistics for Romania based on data from the RIPE NCC. It provides an overview of IPv6 readiness scores for networks in Romania and Europe, noting that only 11% of autonomous systems (ASes) in Romania currently announce IPv6 prefixes. Various RIPE NCC services and tools are also summarized, including RIPEstat for accessing registry and routing data, and RIPE Atlas for network measurements.
LACNIC Report, by Sergio Rojas [APNIC 38 / Global Reports]APNIC
- The document reports on LACNIC membership and resource allocation trends from 2002-2014. Membership has grown steadily over this period from 158 to over 4000 currently.
- IPv4 address space held by LACNIC is nearly exhausted, with just over 3 million addresses remaining. Two blocks have been reserved for soft-landing and new members.
- IPv6 allocation and assignment has increased substantially in recent years, with over 70% of LACNIC members now holding IPv6 addresses. Outreach efforts aim to promote transition to IPv6 as IPv4 exhaustion approaches.
This document discusses RIPE Atlas, a global Internet measurement network. It summarizes the key features of RIPE Atlas including the six types of measurements it can perform. It also discusses how measurements are started through the GUI, APIs, and CLI tools. Visualizations of results are shown including maps, lists, and LatencyMON. Examples are given of research done using RIPE Atlas data, including measuring internet exchange points and identifying internet disruptions. Ways to participate in RIPE Atlas through hosting probes or attending events are also mentioned.
Arne Kiessling gave a presentation on registry data quality and protecting internet resources. He discussed the importance of registering IP address assignments in the RIPE Database to declare their use and provide contact information. This helps maintain accurate registry data and protects resources. Kiessling also covered issues that can arise if contact details are outdated, such as unauthorized resource transfers. The RIPE NCC performs regular Assisted Registry Checks to keep registry data clean and support members.
The RIPE NCC develops internal and external tools to analyze and visualize Internet connectivity and performance data. Internally, tools combine membership and routing data to provide different views of networks and membership trends. Externally, tools like DNSMON, DomainMON, LatencyMON and TraceMON leverage RIPE Atlas data to visualize domain name performance, latency trends between probes, and network topologies derived from traceroutes. These tools are still in development and feedback is welcomed to improve features and datasets.
IPv6 readiness among APEC TEL member economiesAPNIC
Presented by Klée Aiken at the 54th Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Telecommunications and Information Working Group held in Kyoto, Japan from 31 October to 4 November.
What’s happening with IPv4 transfers? AusNOG2015APNIC
This document discusses IPv4 address transfers within the APNIC region. It provides the following information:
1) APNIC's current IPv4 delegation policy allows a maximum /22 allocation from the remaining IPv4 pool plus an additional /22 from the recovered pool for each member.
2) IPv4 transfers are allowed through mergers/acquisitions and needs-based market transfers, with the recipient needing to prove address need. Over 9.7 million addresses have been transferred between APNIC accounts.
3) Both APNIC and ARIN allow inter-RIR IPv4 transfers, with 75 transfers of over 4.6 million addresses occurring from ARIN to APNIC so far. Only one transfer has occurred from
The RIPE Community and Ethical ConsiderationsRIPE NCC
The document discusses the RIPE community and RIPE NCC, including their roles in coordinating IP networks and distributing IP addresses in Europe. It describes some of the RIPE NCC's services like RIPE Atlas, which is an open measurement platform consisting of probes that measure Internet connectivity in real time. It also discusses ethical considerations around RIPE Atlas measurements and how the community is involved in discussions around balancing open data with potential privacy/security risks.
The RIPE NCC was formed in 1992 by the RIPE community to serve as the network coordination center for Internet number resources and perform secretariat duties on behalf of the RIPE community. It maintains the RIPE Database and allocates and assigns IPv4 and IPv6 addresses and AS numbers to over 10,000 members. The RIPE NCC's mission is to deliver a high quality registry and support the core Internet infrastructure while connecting people through an inclusive, multi-stakeholder approach.
IPv6 Readiness Measurements for NZ, by Sebastián Castro.
A presentation given at APRICOT 2016’s IPv6 Readiness Measurement BoF and APIPv6TF session on 24 February 2016.
The document discusses the Routing Information Service (RIS) maintained by RIPE NCC, which collects and stores BGP routing data from routers located at Internet exchange points worldwide. It has evolved over 15+ years from a single server to a large distributed system using Apache Hadoop to store and process exabytes of routing data. The RIS data is freely available to network operators and researchers through raw data downloads, APIs, and web interfaces like RIPEstat to enable analysis of routing behavior, anomalies, and internet infrastructure trends over time.
ARIN Engineering Department Report as presented by Mark Kosters at ARIN's Public Policy and Members Meeting in April 2014. All ARIN 33 presentations are posted online at: https://www.arin.net/ARIN33_materials
The document discusses RIPE Atlas, an internet measurement network composed of probes and anchors around the world. RIPE Atlas allows users to perform various measurements like ping, traceroute, DNS lookups, and more to monitor and analyze internet connectivity and infrastructure. Users can access RIPE Atlas through a web interface, API, or CLI to run customized measurements and view historical data. The document provides examples of how RIPE Atlas has been used to monitor internet outages and analyze the paths traffic takes within countries. Training and support resources are available on the RIPE Atlas website.
Proposal for The Woodlands at San Marcos apartment complexBrad Rollins
The document summarizes a proposed 45-acre multifamily development called The Woodlands of San Marcos. It would include up to 306 units with access from IH 35 and River Rd, require 1 parking space per bedroom, and dedicate 20 acres of land for parks, exceeding the required 3.21 acres. The development aims to limit impervious cover to 30% and achieve 85% removal of total suspended solids to protect the nearby San Marcos River.
The Importance Of The Construction Submittal ProcessSafe Rise
Submittals are shop drawings, product data, samples, and mock-ups that contractors provide to designers for review. They illustrate how contractors plan to complete portions of work and ensure compliance with contract documents. The submittal process involves designers specifying required submittals, contractors preparing submittal schedules, and designers tracking submittals. Designers must carefully review submittals to check for design concept compliance and identify any necessary deviations before construction proceeds.
This document discusses the role and importance of National Network Operator Groups (NOGs) in supporting local internet communities. It notes that many early European Internet Exchange Points (IXPs) grew out of small operator communities. While IXP meetings were useful, they became too IXP-centric and did not allow discussion of other technical topics. NOGs emerged as a way to allow local operators to discuss regulations, technical limitations, and do business with one another. The RIPE NCC supports NOGs by providing annual funding and advice. While NOGs work well in many regions, cultural and geographic factors can limit their effectiveness in some areas like the Middle East. The document focuses on the growth and success of the Greek NOG community.
RIPE Atlas, Global Internet Measurement NetworkRIPE NCC
This document summarizes RIPE Atlas, a global Internet measurement network. It discusses the network's coverage in July 2016, with over 14,000 probes distributed across 206 active anchors. New features are highlighted, including increased measurement limits and improved documentation. Plans for future development include rewarding more user contributions. The status of the single RIPE Atlas anchor in Indonesia is examined, and potential measurements using the IXP-Jedi tool to analyze paths within Indonesia are proposed. The document encourages community involvement through using, researching, sponsoring, or contributing code to RIPE Atlas.
"Lost Stars" - Why Operators Switch Off IPv6RIPE NCC
This document summarizes a presentation given by Emile Aben at NANOG 66 in February 2016 about an analysis of internet service providers that had previously announced IPv6 address space but had since stopped routing it. The analysis found 462 providers had done this. Surveys of 69 respondents found that many had only been testing IPv6 and stopped when testing was complete or faced hardware, software, or routing issues. Others cited lack of customer demand or network changes as reasons for no longer routing their IPv6 space. The presentation examined the experiences of these providers and discussed challenges around IPv6 deployment and obtaining greater usage.
The (IPv6) Internet in Romania - RIPE NCC Data and ToolsRIPE NCC
The document discusses IPv6 deployment and statistics for Romania based on data from the RIPE NCC. It provides an overview of IPv6 readiness scores for networks in Romania and Europe, noting that only 11% of autonomous systems (ASes) in Romania currently announce IPv6 prefixes. Various RIPE NCC services and tools are also summarized, including RIPEstat for accessing registry and routing data, and RIPE Atlas for network measurements.
LACNIC Report, by Sergio Rojas [APNIC 38 / Global Reports]APNIC
- The document reports on LACNIC membership and resource allocation trends from 2002-2014. Membership has grown steadily over this period from 158 to over 4000 currently.
- IPv4 address space held by LACNIC is nearly exhausted, with just over 3 million addresses remaining. Two blocks have been reserved for soft-landing and new members.
- IPv6 allocation and assignment has increased substantially in recent years, with over 70% of LACNIC members now holding IPv6 addresses. Outreach efforts aim to promote transition to IPv6 as IPv4 exhaustion approaches.
This document discusses RIPE Atlas, a global Internet measurement network. It summarizes the key features of RIPE Atlas including the six types of measurements it can perform. It also discusses how measurements are started through the GUI, APIs, and CLI tools. Visualizations of results are shown including maps, lists, and LatencyMON. Examples are given of research done using RIPE Atlas data, including measuring internet exchange points and identifying internet disruptions. Ways to participate in RIPE Atlas through hosting probes or attending events are also mentioned.
Arne Kiessling gave a presentation on registry data quality and protecting internet resources. He discussed the importance of registering IP address assignments in the RIPE Database to declare their use and provide contact information. This helps maintain accurate registry data and protects resources. Kiessling also covered issues that can arise if contact details are outdated, such as unauthorized resource transfers. The RIPE NCC performs regular Assisted Registry Checks to keep registry data clean and support members.
The RIPE NCC develops internal and external tools to analyze and visualize Internet connectivity and performance data. Internally, tools combine membership and routing data to provide different views of networks and membership trends. Externally, tools like DNSMON, DomainMON, LatencyMON and TraceMON leverage RIPE Atlas data to visualize domain name performance, latency trends between probes, and network topologies derived from traceroutes. These tools are still in development and feedback is welcomed to improve features and datasets.
IPv6 readiness among APEC TEL member economiesAPNIC
Presented by Klée Aiken at the 54th Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Telecommunications and Information Working Group held in Kyoto, Japan from 31 October to 4 November.
What’s happening with IPv4 transfers? AusNOG2015APNIC
This document discusses IPv4 address transfers within the APNIC region. It provides the following information:
1) APNIC's current IPv4 delegation policy allows a maximum /22 allocation from the remaining IPv4 pool plus an additional /22 from the recovered pool for each member.
2) IPv4 transfers are allowed through mergers/acquisitions and needs-based market transfers, with the recipient needing to prove address need. Over 9.7 million addresses have been transferred between APNIC accounts.
3) Both APNIC and ARIN allow inter-RIR IPv4 transfers, with 75 transfers of over 4.6 million addresses occurring from ARIN to APNIC so far. Only one transfer has occurred from
The RIPE Community and Ethical ConsiderationsRIPE NCC
The document discusses the RIPE community and RIPE NCC, including their roles in coordinating IP networks and distributing IP addresses in Europe. It describes some of the RIPE NCC's services like RIPE Atlas, which is an open measurement platform consisting of probes that measure Internet connectivity in real time. It also discusses ethical considerations around RIPE Atlas measurements and how the community is involved in discussions around balancing open data with potential privacy/security risks.
The RIPE NCC was formed in 1992 by the RIPE community to serve as the network coordination center for Internet number resources and perform secretariat duties on behalf of the RIPE community. It maintains the RIPE Database and allocates and assigns IPv4 and IPv6 addresses and AS numbers to over 10,000 members. The RIPE NCC's mission is to deliver a high quality registry and support the core Internet infrastructure while connecting people through an inclusive, multi-stakeholder approach.
IPv6 Readiness Measurements for NZ, by Sebastián Castro.
A presentation given at APRICOT 2016’s IPv6 Readiness Measurement BoF and APIPv6TF session on 24 February 2016.
The document discusses the Routing Information Service (RIS) maintained by RIPE NCC, which collects and stores BGP routing data from routers located at Internet exchange points worldwide. It has evolved over 15+ years from a single server to a large distributed system using Apache Hadoop to store and process exabytes of routing data. The RIS data is freely available to network operators and researchers through raw data downloads, APIs, and web interfaces like RIPEstat to enable analysis of routing behavior, anomalies, and internet infrastructure trends over time.
ARIN Engineering Department Report as presented by Mark Kosters at ARIN's Public Policy and Members Meeting in April 2014. All ARIN 33 presentations are posted online at: https://www.arin.net/ARIN33_materials
The document discusses RIPE Atlas, an internet measurement network composed of probes and anchors around the world. RIPE Atlas allows users to perform various measurements like ping, traceroute, DNS lookups, and more to monitor and analyze internet connectivity and infrastructure. Users can access RIPE Atlas through a web interface, API, or CLI to run customized measurements and view historical data. The document provides examples of how RIPE Atlas has been used to monitor internet outages and analyze the paths traffic takes within countries. Training and support resources are available on the RIPE Atlas website.
Proposal for The Woodlands at San Marcos apartment complexBrad Rollins
The document summarizes a proposed 45-acre multifamily development called The Woodlands of San Marcos. It would include up to 306 units with access from IH 35 and River Rd, require 1 parking space per bedroom, and dedicate 20 acres of land for parks, exceeding the required 3.21 acres. The development aims to limit impervious cover to 30% and achieve 85% removal of total suspended solids to protect the nearby San Marcos River.
The Importance Of The Construction Submittal ProcessSafe Rise
Submittals are shop drawings, product data, samples, and mock-ups that contractors provide to designers for review. They illustrate how contractors plan to complete portions of work and ensure compliance with contract documents. The submittal process involves designers specifying required submittals, contractors preparing submittal schedules, and designers tracking submittals. Designers must carefully review submittals to check for design concept compliance and identify any necessary deviations before construction proceeds.
This document contains a technical drawing with labels and dimensions for building components. It includes labels and specifications for various structural elements like gutters, downspouts, rebar, brackets, anchors, and other miscellaneous pieces. Precise dimensions are provided for the cut and placement of materials. Notes indicate that some pieces may need adjustment in the field and that contractor should verify all dimensions.
The document discusses shop drawing review processes and responsibilities. It outlines the typical review chain from subcontractors to general contractors to architects and engineers. It emphasizes coordinating trades, verifying construction methods and dimensions, and ensuring designs are being built as intended. The responsibilities of each party are defined, including properly stamping and returning submittals. It also notes best practices for scheduling submittals to avoid delays and issues that can arise without clear processes.
Submittals, such as shop drawings and mock-ups, provide additional details beyond the general construction documents to facilitate fabrication and construction. They are prepared by manufacturers and contractors to supplement the project specifications and drawings. The submittal process involves contractors submitting these details to the architect/engineer for approval before ordering and installation. This allows the design team to check that submittals meet the overall project requirements as detailed in the construction documents.
Bar Bending Schedule (BBS) is a chart which gives a clear picture of bar length, diameter of bar ,bar mark ,location of bar.
It allow workers to place steel properly.
The superstructure of a building consists of elements above the foundation like beams, columns, lintels, roofing and flooring. Beams are horizontal members that carry loads and transfer them to columns or walls. Reinforced concrete beams are designed to resist both bending moments and shear forces from loads. There are different types of beams like simply supported, fixed, cantilever, continuous and overhanging beams which are designed based on how they are supported. Columns are vertical load bearing members that transfer loads from beams and slabs to the foundation. Common column types include long, short and intermediate columns. Lintels are short horizontal members that span small openings like doors and windows and transfer loads to masonry, steel or reinforced concrete
1) APNIC is the regional internet registry for Asia Pacific and is responsible for delegating IP addresses and ASNs to the region. It provides training and supports internet development.
2) The presentation covered how to apply for and receive IP resources from APNIC, the rise of IPv6 adoption, and APNIC's services including member support, training programs, technical assistance, and research activities.
3) APNIC hosts events like NOGs and APRICOT to facilitate technical discussions and provide updates on internet infrastructure topics.
The RIPE NCC update document discusses the RIPE NCC's annual report and operations. It notes that the RIPE NCC saw strong growth in 2013 with over 1,000 new members. Financially, expenses were lower than budget while reserves remained at one year's operating costs. It also discusses risks of IPv4 hijacking and encouraging members to keep their contact information updated. Finally, it outlines the RIPE NCC's continued efforts to improve services, expand capacity building programs, and increase their regional presence.
The document discusses services provided by the RIPE NCC, including regional events around IPv6 and IXP workshops, the RIPE Atlas measurement platform, the RIPE policy development process, and the RIPE Academic Cooperation Initiative. Upcoming events include trainings in Saint Petersburg and Baku and an ENOG meeting in Baku. The RIPE NCC is also working with the Regional Communication Commonwealth and hosting probes in Georgia to support measurements. The RIPE policy process takes months and allows community input on proposals. The RACI program funds academics to present research at RIPE meetings.
The document provides an update from the Japan Network Information Center (JPNIC) regarding their activities and statistics. It discusses JPNIC distributing returned IPv4 address blocks and making their first IPv6 address assignment for new generic top-level domain nameservers. It also mentions JPNIC's promotion of IPv6 adoption through seminars and surveys, their open policy meetings around network resource policies, and plans to deploy a reverse DNSSEC service to validate domain name responses. Finally, it briefly describes JPNIC's Internet Governance Conference Japan initiative to facilitate discussions around Internet governance issues.
Community Engagement Specialist, Sunny Chendi, provides an update of APNIC's service initiatives and activities at the second Nepal Network Operators Group meeting in Kathmandu.
1) The document discusses supporting internet growth and the transition to IPv6, focusing on statistics from APNIC surveys. It notes that IPv4 addresses will be exhausted in 2011-2012 and that IPv6 is the inevitable solution to IPv4 exhaustion.
2) Survey results from 2009 show that 71% of ISPs had IPv6 allocations but common reasons for not deploying IPv6 included lack of demand and skills. However, the ratio of IPv6 to IPv4 autonomous systems is growing exponentially.
3) Stakeholders like ISPs, enterprises, governments, and educators must prepare for a future with only IPv6 by 2012, ensuring their networks and online services are upgraded, staff are trained, and procurement requires
Deputy Director General, Sanjaya, attended the Indonesian Network Information Centre's (IDNIC) 2017 OPM and gave an update on APNIC services and activities, including IPv6 deployment measurement information.
The document summarizes the RIPE NCC's efforts to promote IPv6 adoption, including running training courses on IPv6 for members and hosting roadshows. It notes that the RIPE NCC will run out of IPv4 address space within its last /8 allocation. It provides statistics on current IPv6 adoption rates among RIPE NCC members and describes the topics covered in the IPv6 for LIRs training course.
This document summarizes information about measuring IPv6 deployment. It discusses how the RIPE NCC measures IPv6 adoption rates among its members and Internet networks. Key facts include that 54% of RIPE NCC members do not yet have IPv6, but 17% have fully implemented IPv6 according to the RIPEness rating system. World IPv6 Day in 2011 showed that many major websites can support IPv6, though additional testing and monitoring is needed. The document concludes by suggesting that events that raise awareness, like World IPv6 Day, are effective at advancing IPv6 implementation.
The document discusses the need for organizations to adopt IPv6 before the depletion of IPv4 addresses. It notes that IPv4 addresses are projected to be exhausted in April 2011, while only 5% remain unallocated. The Regional Internet Registry RIPE NCC works to raise awareness of this issue and help organizations obtain IPv6 allocations. It also engages stakeholders through various forums and meetings to facilitate the transition to IPv6.
The document provides an update on APNIC services. It summarizes APNIC's vision of an open, stable, and secure Internet for Asia Pacific and its mission to function as the regional internet registry and support community development. Key updates include continued growth in membership, IPv6 adoption, and internet number resources. Improvements to registration services and tools are noted. Activities to facilitate training and infrastructure development are reviewed, along with collaboration on measurement and analysis through APNIC Labs.
The document provides an update on APNIC services. It summarizes APNIC's vision of an open, stable, and secure Internet for Asia Pacific and its mission to function as the regional internet registry and support community development. Key updates include continued growth in membership, IPv6 adoption, and internet number resources as well as improvements to registration services and tools. APNIC also discusses its support for infrastructure, training initiatives, and collaboration activities to facilitate regional internet development.
- APNIC provides Internet number resources and services to members across the Asia Pacific region and works to support an open, global, stable and secure Internet.
- APNIC membership and resources delegated have grown substantially over time, though the percentage of IPv4 and IPv6 address space under ROAs is still low.
- The annual APNIC survey found that security is the biggest challenge faced by members, and APNIC aims to help by providing security training and tools.
- APNIC also works on activities like routing security, improving whois data quality, developing the APNIC foundation, and supporting Internet development in various countries.
The document provides an update from the RIPE NCC on several topics:
1) It describes RIPE Labs as a platform for the community to test new tools, contribute ideas and research, and provide feedback. Several current projects hosted on RIPE Labs are mentioned.
2) Statistics on IPv6 adoption within the RIPE NCC service region and Ireland are presented, including measurements of IPv6 routing.
3) The active Internet measurement network RIPE Atlas is introduced, which allows participants to perform various network measurements from probes around the world.
4) RIPEstat, a toolbox of Internet measurement data sources and visualizations, is highlighted as a resource for accessing data from the RIPE Database
Pubudu Jayasinghe gives an update of APNIC activities and services at the inaugural Sri Lanka Network Operators Group (LKNOG) in Colombo on 20 October 2017.
Contributing to RIPE Atlas: Operators, Researchers, CodersAPNIC
This document discusses how to use RIPE Atlas for network monitoring. It describes a three step process: 1) Creating a ping measurement in RIPE Atlas to monitor a target, 2) Creating status checks in RIPE Atlas to define alert parameters, 3) Integrating the status checks into monitoring systems like Icinga using the API and examples provided. The document provides links to documentation on scheduling measurements, defining status checks, and community contributed configuration code for Icinga.
The document summarizes an IPv6 readiness measurement BoF meeting. It includes presentations on IPv6 measurement from Japan, Thailand, Vietnam, Taiwan, RIPE, and Cisco. Good progress was reported in some countries, while more work is still needed in cellular services and content availability. Common measurement criteria like allocation, routing, and availability were discussed. Future work includes inviting more ccTLD registries and measuring additional criteria like access router and home gateway availability.
This document provides an overview and update from APNIC's Director General Paul Wilson at the RIPE 66 meeting in Dublin. It discusses APNIC's vision, mission, and key activities in serving members, supporting the Asia Pacific region, and collaborating with other organizations. Highlights include growing IPv6 and ASN delegations, a focus on IPv6 training, policies around IPv4 transfers, regional grant funding, and measurements of IPv6 and DNSSEC adoption.
Navigating IP Addresses: Insights from your Regional Internet RegistryRIPE NCC
The document summarizes insights from Alena Muravska of the RIPE NCC about navigating IP addresses. It provides statistics on Internet number resources allocated to Poland by the RIPE NCC, including that Poland has 687 members and 737 LIRs. It discusses the depletion of IPv4 addresses and the new IPv4 allocation policy, noting that 32 Polish LIRs are currently waiting in the IPv4 waiting list. It also covers IPv6 allocations and assignments for members and non-members, and provides graphs on IPv4 holdings and IPv6 capability in Poland.
The presentation discusses the RPKI system and a recent incident where a threat actor gained access to an organization's RPKI dashboard using a leaked password. This led to unexpected changes being made to the organization's RPKI ROAs, causing a routing outage that disrupted internet connectivity. The presentation emphasizes the importance of strong passwords, multi-factor authentication, network security monitoring, and having an incident response plan to prevent similar incidents and increase routing resilience.
LIA HESTINA - Minimising impact before incidents occur with RIPE Atlas and RISRIPE NCC
This document discusses how network operators can minimize the impact of incidents on their networks using RIPE Atlas and Routing Information Services (RIS). It recommends strategically deploying RIPE Atlas probes and peering with RIS to continuously monitor the network. It also suggests setting up alerts to detect abnormalities and anomalies swiftly. Additional recommendations include maintaining low latency through debugging, and impressing customers by showcasing network performance.
IGF UA - Dialog with I_ organisations - Alena Muavska RIPE NCC.pdfRIPE NCC
This document summarizes Alena Muravska's presentation on engaging the Ukrainian community during times of war. It discusses how the Ukrainian community can participate in the RIPE community through various working groups and meetings. It also outlines how the RIPE NCC has supported Ukraine, including dedicating sessions to discuss the internet in Ukraine and forming a task force on best practices to survive disasters or war. Finally, it discusses efforts taken to protect Ukrainian resource holders, such as preventing unauthorized transfers of internet resources and examining changes made to country codes during the invasion.
Opportunities for Youth in IG - Alena Muravska RIPE NCC.pdfRIPE NCC
The document discusses opportunities for youth involvement in internet governance through the RIPE NCC. It describes the RIPE NCC as the regional internet registry for Europe, the Middle East, and Central Asia that allocates IP addresses and supports the open internet community. It outlines how individuals can participate in RIPE community working groups, meetings, policy development processes, and more. It specifically highlights the RIPE Fellowships and RIPE Academic Cooperation Initiative programs that fund youth attendance at RIPE meetings and encourage engagement between academia and the RIPE community.
The document discusses the RIPE NCC's Internet measurement tools - RIPE Routing Information Service (RIPE RIS), RIPEstat, and RIPE Atlas. It provides details on each tool, including how they collect and analyze routing data, Internet traffic maps, and performance measurements from over 12,000 probes worldwide. The tools are used by network operators, researchers, and policymakers to monitor routing, identify incidents, and inform future plans. Future plans include improving data collection and analysis, open sourcing components, and renewing back-end systems.
This document discusses RPKI (Resource Public Key Infrastructure) for securing Internet routing. It provides statistics on RPKI adoption in Luxembourg and neighboring countries, showing that while Luxembourg has over 65% of its address space covered by ROAs, not all networks have fully implemented RPKI. The goal is 100% RPKI implementation to validate all routes and prevent route hijacking, but obstacles still exist to full deployment. The presenter's contact information is provided for any questions.
The document discusses RIPE NCC's engagement in Southeast Europe, including organizing meetings, supporting network operator groups, developing internet exchange points, and funding opportunities. It then covers the topics of internet resiliency, analyzing networks in Belarus, Ukraine, Turkey and Poland using routing data. Next, it provides an analysis of internet landscapes in specific Southeast European countries. Key findings include the role of incumbent telecom operators, efficiency of regional routing but some anomalies, and modest diversity in routes into the region. Data sources used are also listed.
Know Your Network: Why Every Network Operator Should Host RIPE AtlasRIPE NCC
The document discusses the benefits of network operators hosting RIPE Atlas probes. It describes RIPE Atlas as an active measurements platform that monitors internet reachability through probes hosted by volunteers around the world. It highlights that RIPE Atlas data is publicly available and can be used by network operators to monitor performance, identify issues, validate findings, and plan improvements. The document encourages network operators in Africa to install RIPE Atlas probes to better monitor their networks and neighborhoods.
Minimising Impact When Incidents Occur With RIPE AtlasRIPE NCC
The document discusses how the online gaming company Mbappe uses RIPE Atlas to monitor network performance and minimize latency issues for their global users. It recommends strategically deploying RIPE Atlas probes, continuously monitoring measurements, and setting up alerts to quickly detect anomalies. When issues are found, the recommended actions are to identify network problems swiftly, debug issues to maintain low latency, and showcase network performance to impress customers. Installing probes in specific autonomous systems and networks could help identify parts of the network with high latency that are important to address.
- RIPE NCC provides internet measurement services including the Routing Information Service (RIS), RIPEstat, and RIPE Atlas to collect and provide data on internet routing and performance.
- RIS collects raw BGP data from remote route collectors at internet exchange points to observe real internet routing. RIPEstat and RIPE Atlas provide tools to analyze and visualize this data.
- RIPE Atlas specifically operates a global network of internet measurement devices that actively monitor connectivity, reachability, and performance. Its data and custom measurement tools are available to both network operators and researchers.
RIPE Atlas is a global measurement platform that uses probes hosted by volunteers to monitor internet connectivity and latency. It provides latency maps showing routes between networks and allows custom measurements. The presentation highlighted how RIPE Atlas can be used to identify networks with high latency, view routes and locations of probes, and conduct DNS and traceroute tests while remaining secure and low cost. Hosting a RIPE Atlas probe or improving coverage in certain regions would further benefit internet monitoring.
Presentasi menjelaskan tentang penggunaan RIPE Atlas untuk mendeteksi masalah latensi di internet. RIPE Atlas adalah platform pengukuran internet global yang menggunakan probe di seluruh dunia untuk melakukan pengukuran kinerja jaringan seperti ping dan traceroute. Presentasi mendemonstrasikan bagaimana RIPE Atlas dapat digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi anomali latensi dan membantu perusahaan game online menyelesaikan masalah kinerja mereka.
RIPE Atlas is a global network measurement platform that uses volunteer-hosted probes to monitor Internet performance and availability. It runs tests including ping, traceroute, and DNS to identify issues like high latency. The presentation discusses using RIPE Atlas to help an online gaming company identify and address latency problems impacting users in different regions. It also provides examples of the probes and measurements available in Southeast Asian countries like the Philippines.
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...Neo4j
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
This keynote will reveal how Deloitte leverages Neo4j’s graph power for groundbreaking digital twin solutions, achieving a staggering 100x performance boost. Discover the essential role knowledge graphs play in successful generative AI implementations. Plus, get an exclusive look at an innovative Neo4j + Generative AI solution Deloitte is developing in-house.
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
AI 101: An Introduction to the Basics and Impact of Artificial IntelligenceIndexBug
Imagine a world where machines not only perform tasks but also learn, adapt, and make decisions. This is the promise of Artificial Intelligence (AI), a technology that's not just enhancing our lives but revolutionizing entire industries.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024Neo4j
Neha Bajwa, Vice President of Product Marketing, Neo4j
Join us as we explore breakthrough innovations enabled by interconnected data and AI. Discover firsthand how organizations use relationships in data to uncover contextual insights and solve our most pressing challenges – from optimizing supply chains, detecting fraud, and improving customer experiences to accelerating drug discoveries.
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalizationZilliz
Mike Del Balso, CEO & Co-Founder at Tecton, presents "Full RAG," a novel approach to AI recommendation systems, aiming to push beyond the limitations of traditional models through a deep integration of contextual insights and real-time data, leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation architecture. This talk will outline Full RAG's potential to significantly enhance personalization, address engineering challenges such as data management and model training, and introduce data enrichment with reranking as a key solution. Attendees will gain crucial insights into the importance of hyperpersonalization in AI, the capabilities of Full RAG for advanced personalization, and strategies for managing complex data integrations for deploying cutting-edge AI solutions.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slackshyamraj55
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
Mind map of terminologies used in context of Generative AI
IPv6 Deployment in Europe
1. GEN6 IPv6 Roadshow Germany, 24 - 25 November 2014
IPv6 Deployment in
Europe
Mirjam Kühne, RIPE NCC
2. IPv6 Statistics - 24 November 2014
RIPE NCC - Who Are We?
• Réseaux IP Européens Network Coordination
Center
• Located in Amsterdam
• Not-for-profit membership association under
Dutch law
• 11,000 members in 76 countries
• One of five Regional Internet Registries
• Independent, neutral, open
2
3. IPv6 Statistics - 24 November 2014
RIPE NCC Services
Member Services
• Resource Distribution
(IPv4, IPv6, ASNs)
• Resource Certification
(RPKI)
• Training, Webinars
3
Public Services
• RIPE Database
• K-root server
• Open community
meetings
• Various operator tools
(RIPE Atlas, RIPEstat,
RIPE Labs, DNSmon)
4. IPv6 Statistics - 24 November 2014
IPv6 RIPEness
• Rating system to monitor IPv6 adoption rates
amongst RIPE NCC Members
• Stars are awarded for various steps in IPv6
deployment:
- Obtaining IPv6 addresses
- Visibility in global routing table
- Setting up routing registry entries
- Setting up reverse DNS
• Per country statistics published daily
- http://ripeness.ripe.net/
4
5. IPv6 Statistics - 24 November 2014
IPv6 RIPEness in DE (1,097 Members) 5
35%
19% 7%
19%
21%
No IPv6 1 star 2 star 3 star 4 star
4 stars
1 star
0 stars
3 stars 2 stars
6. IPv6 Statistics - 24 November 2014
IPv6 RIPEness All Members (11,004) 6
22%
14%
9% 28%
27%
No IPv6 1 star 2 star 3 star 4 star
4 stars 0 stars
2 stars
3 stars
1 stars
7. IPv6 Statistics - 24 November 2014
IPv6 RIPEness GEN6 Countries 7
0
300
600
900
1200
CY CZ DE ES GR LU NL PT SI TR
No IPv6 1 star 2 stars 3 stars 4 stars
8. IPv6 Statistics - 24 November 2014
IPv6 RIPEness GEN6 Countries (relative) 8
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
CY CZ DE ES GR LU NL PT SI TR
No IPv6 1 star 2 stars 3 stars 4 stars
9. IPv6 Statistics - 24 November 2014
IPv6 RIPEness Over Time (All) 9
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Jan2011
Apr2011
Jul2011
Oct2011
Jan2012
Apr2012
Jul2012
Oct2012
Jan2013
Apr2013
Jul2013
Oct2013
Jan2014
Apr2014
Jul2014
No IPv6 1 star 2 stars 3 stars 4 stars
10. IPv6 Statistics - 24 November 2014
IPv6 RIPEness Over Time (DE) 10
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Jan2011
Apr2011
Jul2011
Oct2011
Jan2012
Apr2012
Jul2012
Oct2012
Jan2013
Apr2013
Jul2013
Oct2013
Jan2014
Apr2014
Jul2014
No IPv6 1 star 2 stars 3 stars 4 stars
11. IPv6 Statistics - 24 November 2014
Members With and Without IPv6 11
0
225
450
675
900
CY CZ DE ES GR LU NL PT SI TR
No IPv6 With IPv6
12. IPv6 Statistics - 24 November 2014
Members With and Without IPv6 12
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
CY CZ DE ES GR LU NL PT SI TR
No IPv6 With IPv6
13. IPv6 Statistics - 24 November 2014
IPv6 Membership Statistics
• Statistics Dashboard on RIPE Labs
- https://labs.ripe.net/statistics/?tags=ipv6
13
14. IPv6 Statistics - 24 November 2014
IPv6 in Routing
• RIPE NCC monitors global routing table for
statistical analysis
- Data available via RIPEstat (http://stat.ripe.net)
• Dedicated interactive tool for IPv6
- Measures number of networks that originate routes for
IPv6 address blocks
- Grouped by country and regions
- http://v6asns.ripe.net
14
16. IPv6 Statistics - 24 November 2014
Networks Originating IPv6 Routes 16
Try it yourself at http://v6asns.ripe.net
17. IPv6 Statistics - 24 November 2014
RIPEstat on Countries
• RIPEstat also takes ISO
code as input
- Shows statistics on
number of resources and
bandwidth
- Try it yourself at
http://stat.ripe.net
17