This document summarizes arguments for and against gay parenting. It notes that as many as 13 million children currently live with a gay or lesbian parent. Research suggests that children of gay parents differ only minimally from those of heterosexual parents and may be more tolerant. However, some argue that children are better off with married, heterosexual parents and risk exposure to a "homosexual lifestyle." The document acknowledges methodological flaws in some studies and calls for more longitudinal research on diverse family arrangements and the support networks around them.