The document provides historical and artistic background information from India. It discusses Indian nationalism in the 19th century under British rule. It then focuses on notable figures like Rabindranath Tagore, a poet and musician who won the Nobel Prize, and Mahatma Gandhi, the leader of India's independence movement. It summarizes Gandhi's life, education, experiences in South Africa which led him to develop non-violent protest, return to India and campaigns for independence through non-cooperation and civil disobedience which led to Indian independence.