Gamification involves using game mechanics and design principles to engage and motivate people in non-game contexts. It aims to make activities more fun and engaging to accomplish goals like learning, problem solving, completing tasks, or achieving behavioral change. Gamification works by appealing to human motivations like achieving goals, competing with others, receiving feedback, and attaining status or recognition. It uses elements like points, badges, leaderboards, progress bars, virtual rewards, and challenges to encourage people to continue engaging in the targeted activities. Evaluating techniques based on metrics like recency, frequency, time spent, virality, and feedback helps improve gamification design and outcomes.