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Game Architecture with Scriptable Objects
- 3. Schell Games VR / AR Theme Parks Transformational Games
- 4. Game Architecture with Scriptable Objects
- 6. Modular Systems not directly dependent on each other Scenes are clean slates Prefabs work on their own Components!
- 7. Editable Focus on data Change the game without code Emergent Design Change at runtime
- 8. Debuggable Test in isolation (modularity) Debug views and features Never fix a bug you do not understand
- 11. Primer Serializable Unity Class Similar to MonoBehaviour, no Transform Saved as .asset file
- 12. Simple Use Cases Game config files Inventory Enemy stats AudioCollection
- 13. Architecture
- 18. Singleton Benefits Access anything from anywhere Persistent State Easy to understand Consistent pattern Easy to “plan” *Lies *
- 19. Singleton Problems Rigid Connections / Not Modular No Polymorphism Not Testable Dependency Nightmare Single Instance!
- 20. Solutions Reduce need for global managers Inversion of Control Example: Dependency Injection Objects are given dependencies Single responsibility principle
- 21. Modular Data
- 22. Enemy Prefab Example EnemyManager.Instance.MoveSpeed? Hard reference Dependency on manager being loaded EnemyConfig ScriptableObject reference? Lumps all part of the enemy stats together Limits extension / modularity Better?
- 23. ScriptableObject Variables [CreateAssetMenu] public class FloatVariable : ScriptableObject { public float Value; }
- 24. ScriptableObject Variables Hitpoints Damage Amounts Timing Data public class DumbEnemy : MonoBehaviour { public FloatVariable MaxHP; public FloatVariable MoveSpeed; }
- 25. Float Reference [Serializable] public class FloatReference { public bool UseConstant = true; public float ConstantValue; public FloatVariable Variable; public float Value { get { return UseConstant ? ConstantValue : Variable.Value; } } }
- 26. Float Variable public class DumbEnemy : MonoBehaviour { public FloatVariable MaxHP; public FloatVariable MoveSpeed; } public class DumbEnemy : MonoBehaviour { public FloatReference MaxHP; public FloatReference MoveSpeed; }
- 27. Float Variable Secrets [CreateAssetMenu] public class FloatVariable : ScriptableObject { public float Value; }
- 30. Demo!
- 32. Event Architecture Modularize systems Reuse in other projects Isolates Prefabs Optimize, only execute when needed Highly debuggable
- 34. UnityEvent Advantages Editor hook-ups Less code, fewer assumptions Pass Arguments Extend UnityEvent<T> Static / dynamic arguments
- 35. UnityEvent Problems Rigid bindings Button hard references what responds to it Limited serialization Garbage allocation
- 36. Making Our Own Events Data driven Designer authorable Debuggable
- 37. Making Our Own Events [CreateAssetMenu] public class GameEvent : ScriptableObject { private List<GameEventListener> listeners = new List<GameEventListener>(); public void Raise() { for(int i = listeners.Count -1; i >= 0; i--) listeners[i].OnEventRaised(); } public void RegisterListener(GameEventListener listener) ... public void UnregisterListener(GameEventListener listener) ... }
- 38. Making Our Own Events public class GameEventListener : MonoBehaviour { public GameEvent Event; public UnityEvent Response; private void OnEnable() { Event.RegisterListener(this); } private void OnDisable() { Event.UnregisterListener(this); } public void OnEventRaised() { Response.Invoke(); } }
- 39. Demo!
- 40. Scriptable Objects vs ...
- 41. Singleton Manager Goals Track all enemies in a scene Understand player Issue commands
- 42. Singleton Manager Problems Race conditions Rigid singleton Only one
- 43. Runtime Sets Keep track of a list of objects in the scene Avoid race conditions More flexible than Unity tags, singleton
- 44. Runtime Sets public abstract class RuntimeSet<T> : ScriptableObject { public List<T> Items = new List<T>(); public void Add(T t) { if (!Items.Contains(t)) Items.Add(t); } public void Remove(T t) { if (Items.Contains(t)) Items.Remove(t); } }
- 45. Runtime Sets Buildings placed in an RTS Renderers for special effects Items on a map
- 46. Demo!
- 47. Enums Must change in code Difficult to remove / reorder Can’t hold additional data
- 48. Demo!
- 50. Generic Systems System is ScriptableObject Asset in project Reference directly with inspector No code lookup No scene-only references Like AudioMixer / AudioMixerGroup
- 51. Inventory ScriptableObject Master List ScriptableObject per item Use different inventories in different scenes
- 53. Demo!