This document summarizes a study on the age, growth, mortality and exploitation of Liza falcipinnis fish in Ebrié and Grand-Lahou lagoons in Ivory Coast. Population parameters were estimated using length frequency data analyzed with FiSAT software. Asymptotic length was 39.9cm for Ebrié lagoon and 42cm for Grand-Lahou lagoon. Total mortality was estimated at 1.28 years-1 for Ebrié lagoon and 1.43 years-1 for Grand-Lahou lagoon. Exploitation levels were estimated to be 0.36 for Ebrié lagoon and 0.37 for
In this paper we use a simple method for the analysis of size data to estimate mortality, growth
parameters and selectivity of the different gears which catch White marlin. The benefits of using
simple methods are their visual appeal, simple statistical basis, minimal assumptions and the ease
with which estimates can be derived from different data sets. Simple length-based methods are
valuable for stock assessment as they permit the checking of assumption made for example in
complex integrated stock assessment methods like Multifan-CL or SS3 and also to generate
hypotheses for when running such methods. For example the assumptions about selectivity by
gear are important when making projections, conducting yield-per-recruit analysis and agreeing
input values for selectivity patterns to be used in forward, separable models. Simple methods help
inform such discussions and allow stock and assessment experts to communicate and allow pre
screening of the data to identify problems that might otherwise be missed.
Size distribution and biometric relationships of little tunny Euthynnus allet...inventy
This study is taken from data of commercial fishing of the little tunny, Euthynnus alletteratus (Rafinesque, 1810) caught in the Algerian coast, sampled between november 2011 and april 2016. Data were collected in order to determine size distributions of the population and biometric relationships of species including the size - weight relationships. A total of 601 fish ranged from 30.9 and 103 cm fork length (FL) were observed. The size distribution of Euthynnus alletteratus shows multiple modal values witch the most important cohort corresponds to the age class 2 (42-46 cm). The value of the allometric coefficient (b) of the FL/TW relationship is lower than 3, indicating a negative allometric growth.
In this paper we use a simple method for the analysis of size data to estimate mortality, growth
parameters and selectivity of the different gears which catch White marlin. The benefits of using
simple methods are their visual appeal, simple statistical basis, minimal assumptions and the ease
with which estimates can be derived from different data sets. Simple length-based methods are
valuable for stock assessment as they permit the checking of assumption made for example in
complex integrated stock assessment methods like Multifan-CL or SS3 and also to generate
hypotheses for when running such methods. For example the assumptions about selectivity by
gear are important when making projections, conducting yield-per-recruit analysis and agreeing
input values for selectivity patterns to be used in forward, separable models. Simple methods help
inform such discussions and allow stock and assessment experts to communicate and allow pre
screening of the data to identify problems that might otherwise be missed.
Size distribution and biometric relationships of little tunny Euthynnus allet...inventy
This study is taken from data of commercial fishing of the little tunny, Euthynnus alletteratus (Rafinesque, 1810) caught in the Algerian coast, sampled between november 2011 and april 2016. Data were collected in order to determine size distributions of the population and biometric relationships of species including the size - weight relationships. A total of 601 fish ranged from 30.9 and 103 cm fork length (FL) were observed. The size distribution of Euthynnus alletteratus shows multiple modal values witch the most important cohort corresponds to the age class 2 (42-46 cm). The value of the allometric coefficient (b) of the FL/TW relationship is lower than 3, indicating a negative allometric growth.
Population dynamics of 15 fish species in Grand-Lahou lagoon (West Africa, Cô...Open Access Research Paper
This study described growth, mortality, recruitment patterns and exploitation rates of 15 fish species in Grand-Lahou lagoon (Côte d’Ivoire). Monthly length-frequency data collected from artisanal fisheries from November 2013 to October 2014 were analyzed with FiSAT software using the ELEFAN package to estimate the population parameters of fishes. Asymptotic values for total length (L∞) ranged from 15.75 cm for Synodontis schall to 59.80 cm for Trachinotus teraia. Growth rate (k) varied from 0.19 for Coptodon guineensis to 0.98 for Caranx hippos. The growth performance index estimates were close to the values found by other authors for most of the fish species. The total mortality (Z) high values were recorded for Synodontis schall (Z= 4.15 year-1; M = 2.50 year-1) Schilbe mandibularis (Z= 2.19 year-1; M=1.33 year-1). Fishing mortality (F) and exploitation rate (E) were found to be less than the optimum levels of exploitation for most fish species. The exploitation rate (E) was higher than the maximum sustainable yield (Emax) for Caranx hippos and higher than E0.5 for Eucinostomus melanopterus, Elops lacerta and Synodontis schall. Recruitment was noted as year-round and bimodal for most studied populations. These results demonstrate that some fish stocks necessitate effective management measures particularly C. hippos, E. melanopterus, E. lacerta and S. schall.
Recruitment, mortality and exploitation rates estimate and stock assessment o...sarmodou
SARR Serigne Modou1,
*KABRE Tinkoudgou Jean-André1 and CECCHI Philippe2
1 Laboratoire de Recherche et de Formation en Pêche et Faune (LaRFPF/ IDR), Université de Bobo-Dioulasso, BP. 1091 Bobo 01, Burkina Faso.
2 Institut de Recherche et Développement (France).
*Corresponding author.
E-mail: ankab226@yahoo.fr
Tel: +22670231734.
The overfishing is the central problem of the Mugil cephalus fisheries in the estuary of the Senegal River. This species lives in the sea during its adult stage but returns in the Senegal River to reproduce and to spend its larval and juvenile stages. This study is aimed to pinpoint the state of exploitation dynamic and to assess the M. cephalus stock. The FISAT II software was used to perform the estimate of recruitment, mortality and exploitation rates. Meanwhile, a virtual population analysis using VIT4 software estimated yield per recruit (Y/R). The analysis yielded exploitation rates E of 0.44 and 0.23 respectively for adult fish and juveniles; therefore the adult stock is overfished during the M. cephalus life stage in sea. In addition, natural mortality (M=1.20 year-1) and total mortality (Z=1.5 year-1) are remarkably high for fish mature age groups III, IV and V. However, in the river the maximum sustainable exploitation (0.50) is not exceeded for juveniles age groups 0+, I and II. In conclusion, management policies should be introduced to safeguard the M. cephalus fishery in the estuary of the Senegal River.
Length-weight models and condition factors of fishes from Okpara Stream, Ouem...AI Publications
Length frequency distributions, length-weight models and condition factors of 21 dominant fish species of the Okpara stream (Oueme River) were examined in Northern-Benin in order to evaluate the well-being of these fish taxa. Samplings were made monthly from December 2015 to May 2017 with seines, gill nets hawks and a total of 9,302 individuals were collected. Fish abundance ranged from 53 individuals for Mormyrus rume to 2,818 for Hemichromis fasciatus. Standard length (SL) varied from 1.2 cm (Coptodon guineensis) to 51.8 cm (Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus). Length-weight regressions equations showed significant (p < 0.05) correlation coefficients (r) ranging between 0.4664 and 0.9949 with slopes (b) between 2.2262 and 3.7703 corresponding to isometric, positive allometric and negative allometric growths displayed by 4, 8 and 9 species, respectively. Condition factors K varied between 0.17 - 29.38 and species with higher well-being were Oreochromis niloticus with K=29.38, Hyperopisius bebe (K=20.14), Coptodon zillii (K=19.25), Mormyrus rume (K=17.13) and Sarotherodon galilaeus multifasciatus (K=16.16). A sustainable exploitation of these fishes requires an ecosystem restoration scheme including habitat protection, species conservation and an ecological follow-up of the Okpara stream.
Population structure, fecundity and morphological characteristics of M. vollenhovenii were studied around Lower Volta River, Ghana subject to dirt of information on this prawn species around the study location. The most prominent morphological characteristics already documented for identification of this species was rostrum bearing 13-15 continuous teeth dorsally and 4-5 teeth on its ventral part. These morphological traits formed the principal components for identification in this study. Results showed that morphological traits on second pereiopods such as presence of spines, spinules, teeth borne within the fingers, and dense projections of setae-like features on telson and uropod were observed relevant for identification purposes. Other results revealed that maximum total length recorded in this study (150-155mm) was higher than total length ranges (≤125mm) documented for this species in earlier studies. Consequently, two adult’s classes of prawns were identified (old adult class 81-120mm; and young adults 31-80mm) and older class was observed to be more in catches than the younger prawns. Absolute fecundity revealed that oocytes estimation varied with respect to seasons, ages of prawns and body sizes of specimens examined. In conclusion, this study observed that M. vollenhovenii fishery is operating in a sustainable manner at the time of this study around the study location.
Comparative study of reproduction cycle of mangrove oyster (Crassostrea gasar...Innspub Net
This study aims to give the bases of an efficient management of oyster stocks of the lagoons of the Ivory Coast and further bases of oyster-farming. It characterizes the reproduction cycle of mangrove oyster Crassostrea gasar in two lagoons of Côte d’Ivoire. The Ebrié lagoon; on the level of Grand-Bassam and Azito and the Aby lagoon; on the level of Assinie. Thus, a monthly sampling of 30 oysters per site for 12 months (October 2015 at September 2016) has been made. For each oyster, the linear and ponderal parameters were determined. In addition, the gonad of each oyster was extracted and subjected to a histological study. The results showed that C. gasar has a cycle of reproduction made up of five (5) stages sexual maturity. The sex-ratio is in favour of the females with respectively the ratio (male/female) of 1:2.9 ratios in Assinie, 1:4 in Grand-Bassam and 1:2.6 in Azito. It was noted that C. gasar has a continuous reproduction. However, stages III and IV were more present during the small rainy season (SRS) and the small dry season (SDS) at the level of the sites of Assinie and Grand-Bassam. It is during these two seasons that the gonadosomatic index and the condition factor had its greater values. As for the site of Azito, it recorded constancy in the evolution of gonadosomatic index and the condition factor. At the end of this study, it would be interesting to consider the culture of the mangrove oysters (C. gasar) in an environment controlled to ensure the perennity.
Population characteristics of the Japanese threadfin bream Nemipterus japonic...AbdullaAlAsif1
Nemipterus japonicus (Japanese threadfin bream) is one of the most significant fish species throughout the Indo-Pacific regions. No previous studies on the population dynamics of N. japonicus have been carried out in the Eastern Malaysia (Malaysian Borneo). The present study focused on the population dynamics of N. japonicus from April 2013 to March 2014 in the coastal area of Bintulu, South China Sea. Local fishermen provided samples, which were then analysed. The FiSAT II software was used to evaluate the collected length frequency data. The asymptotic length (L ∞) and growth coefficient (K) were 26.78 cm and 0.85 yr-1, respectively. The growth performance index (ϕ'), total mortality coefficient (Z), natural mortality (M) and fishing mortality (F) were 2.785, 2.97, 1.63 and 1.34 per year, respectively. According to the estimates, the exploitation rate (E) for N. japonicus was 0.45, while the E 0.1 , E 0.5 and E max were determined as 0.72, 0.4 and 0.806, respectively. The obtained value of exploitation was less than E max, although slightly higher than E 0.5. The recruitment characteristics of N. japonicus have been stable throughout the year, with one peak pulse. The results contribute to the knowledge of the dynamics of N. japonicus populations and are important for the sustainable management of the Sarawak fishing resources.
Assessment of size structures, length-weight models and condition factors of ...AI Publications
The Eleotridae is one of the fish family widely distributed in the Benin coastal waters where the species constitute an important component of artisanal fisheries. The current study evaluates length frequency distributions, length-weight models and condition factors of Eleotrid fishes in order to assess their wellbeing in the degrading coastal waters of Benin. Fish samplings were made during eighteen (18) consecutive months and morphometric data were recorded and analyzed using SPSS computer software. Larger Eleotrids were Eleotris vittata, E. senegalensis, E. daganensis and Bostrychus africanus while Dormitator lebretonis, the most abundant species displayed small sizes (standard length) ranging between 1.2 - 11.30 cm. Overall, all the species showed unimodal size distributions except Eleotris daganensis that exhibited a bimodal size distribution in Lake Nokoué. Length-weight models showed allometric growth with slopes b ranging between 2.4725 and 3.7296 along with significant correlation coefficients (r) varying between 0.7695 and 0.9965. Condition factors (K) varied significantly across the four (4) coastal waters and ranged between 0.79 (Dormitator lebretonis) and 3.60 (Eleotris daganensis). The sustainable exploitation of Eleotrid fishes in the Benin coastal waters requires a holistic approach of ecosystem management including ecological follow-up, habitat restauration and species valorization.
Length Frequency Distribution, Length-Weight Relationship and Condition Facto...paperpublications3
Abstract: Length –Frequency Distribution, Length – Weight relationship and condition factor of Pomadasys jubelini from the Lagos lagoon were investigated for 6months in order to study the growth pattern and wellbeing of P.jubelini. A total of 305 specimens of P.jubelini were purchased from local fisher-folks on landing sites at different locations within the Lagos lagoon ( Majidun, Makoko, Ibese, Bayeiku) from January 2012 to June 2012 and used for this study. Their Total length ranging from 12cm to 29.5cm and body weight ranged from 21.3g to 367g. The frequency distribution showed a polymodal distribution of P.jubelini. The size class of 18.0cm to 20.9cm (TL) was more abundant. The length weight relationship was determined by regression coefficient equation Log W= -1.8357+2.9628LogL (n =305, r = 0.9213). P.jubelini showed negative allometric growth (b= 2.96). The mean condition factor 1.31, indicates that P.jubelini were in good condition in the lagoon. The result from this study is relevant for fishery management and stock assessment studies of P.jubelini from the Lagos lagoon.
Study of the diet of the common cuttlefish Sepia officinalis of the exclusive...Innspub Net
The diet of the common cuttlefish Sepia officinalis was studied from samples collected in the coastal waters of
Côte d'Ivoire, for 12 months. According to the qualitative analysis of the stomach contents of all these animals,
fish and crustaceans represented respectively, 50.23% and 38.65% of the examined stomachs are the most
regularly consumed prey. The monthly evolution of the vacuity coefficient shows that this index varies according
to the sexual cycle. Juveniles feed primarily on crustaceans. The stomachs bowl of the adults contains fish but
also crustaceans and cephalopods whose frequencies are relatively significant, which would let think that Sepia
officinalis changes trophic behavior in connection with the evolution of its physiological state and that at the
adult state, the animal acquires performances which enable him to apprehend the preys with fast movements in
fact the fish.
Assessing the Sardine Multispecies Fishery of the Gulf of CaliforniaAI Publications
In the fishery of small pelagics at the Gulf of California, the South American pilchard Sardinops sagax (Jenyns, 1842) is the main target. In the years when the abundance of this species is poor and its catches are low, the fishery is diverted into other species such as the Pacific thread herring (Opisthonema libertate (Günter)), and the Pacific anchoveta (Cetengraulis mysticetus (Günter)). Since the 90s, the anchoveta (Engraulis mordax) appeared in the catch records and later on, other species of lesser importance appeared such as the mackerel (Scomberomorus sierra (Jordan & Starks)), the red eye-round herring (Etrumeus teres (DeKay)) and the shortjaw leatherjacket (Oligoplites refulgens Gilbert & Starks). When this fishery was analyzed by species, it was found that, although it is a very profitable activity, there is not a management strategy, leading it to the risk of overexploitation, as the maximum yield level of the target species (the South American pilchard), corresponds to levels of fishing mortality in which the other species of the group are depleted. It was found that there is a substitution of the dominant species over time, because at the beginning of this century the South American pilchard was the target species whilst in 2014 it was the Pacific thread herring. Therefore, this work is focused to the analysis of each species of the fishery, intending to derive recommendations for its management within a sustainable framework.45
A Novel Method for Prevention of Bandwidth Distributed Denial of Service AttacksIJERD Editor
Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attacks became a massive threat to the Internet. Traditional
Architecture of internet is vulnerable to the attacks like DDoS. Attacker primarily acquire his army of Zombies,
then that army will be instructed by the Attacker that when to start an attack and on whom the attack should be
done. In this paper, different techniques which are used to perform DDoS Attacks, Tools that were used to
perform Attacks and Countermeasures in order to detect the attackers and eliminate the Bandwidth Distributed
Denial of Service attacks (B-DDoS) are reviewed. DDoS Attacks were done by using various Flooding
techniques which are used in DDoS attack.
The main purpose of this paper is to design an architecture which can reduce the Bandwidth
Distributed Denial of service Attack and make the victim site or server available for the normal users by
eliminating the zombie machines. Our Primary focus of this paper is to dispute how normal machines are
turning into zombies (Bots), how attack is been initiated, DDoS attack procedure and how an organization can
save their server from being a DDoS victim. In order to present this we implemented a simulated environment
with Cisco switches, Routers, Firewall, some virtual machines and some Attack tools to display a real DDoS
attack. By using Time scheduling, Resource Limiting, System log, Access Control List and some Modular
policy Framework we stopped the attack and identified the Attacker (Bot) machines
Hearing loss is one of the most common human impairments. It is estimated that by year 2015 more
than 700 million people will suffer mild deafness. Most can be helped by hearing aid devices depending on the
severity of their hearing loss. This paper describes the implementation and characterization details of a dual
channel transmitter front end (TFE) for digital hearing aid (DHA) applications that use novel micro
electromechanical- systems (MEMS) audio transducers and ultra-low power-scalable analog-to-digital
converters (ADCs), which enable a very-low form factor, energy-efficient implementation for next-generation
DHA. The contribution of the design is the implementation of the dual channel MEMS microphones and powerscalable
ADC system.
Population dynamics of 15 fish species in Grand-Lahou lagoon (West Africa, Cô...Open Access Research Paper
This study described growth, mortality, recruitment patterns and exploitation rates of 15 fish species in Grand-Lahou lagoon (Côte d’Ivoire). Monthly length-frequency data collected from artisanal fisheries from November 2013 to October 2014 were analyzed with FiSAT software using the ELEFAN package to estimate the population parameters of fishes. Asymptotic values for total length (L∞) ranged from 15.75 cm for Synodontis schall to 59.80 cm for Trachinotus teraia. Growth rate (k) varied from 0.19 for Coptodon guineensis to 0.98 for Caranx hippos. The growth performance index estimates were close to the values found by other authors for most of the fish species. The total mortality (Z) high values were recorded for Synodontis schall (Z= 4.15 year-1; M = 2.50 year-1) Schilbe mandibularis (Z= 2.19 year-1; M=1.33 year-1). Fishing mortality (F) and exploitation rate (E) were found to be less than the optimum levels of exploitation for most fish species. The exploitation rate (E) was higher than the maximum sustainable yield (Emax) for Caranx hippos and higher than E0.5 for Eucinostomus melanopterus, Elops lacerta and Synodontis schall. Recruitment was noted as year-round and bimodal for most studied populations. These results demonstrate that some fish stocks necessitate effective management measures particularly C. hippos, E. melanopterus, E. lacerta and S. schall.
Recruitment, mortality and exploitation rates estimate and stock assessment o...sarmodou
SARR Serigne Modou1,
*KABRE Tinkoudgou Jean-André1 and CECCHI Philippe2
1 Laboratoire de Recherche et de Formation en Pêche et Faune (LaRFPF/ IDR), Université de Bobo-Dioulasso, BP. 1091 Bobo 01, Burkina Faso.
2 Institut de Recherche et Développement (France).
*Corresponding author.
E-mail: ankab226@yahoo.fr
Tel: +22670231734.
The overfishing is the central problem of the Mugil cephalus fisheries in the estuary of the Senegal River. This species lives in the sea during its adult stage but returns in the Senegal River to reproduce and to spend its larval and juvenile stages. This study is aimed to pinpoint the state of exploitation dynamic and to assess the M. cephalus stock. The FISAT II software was used to perform the estimate of recruitment, mortality and exploitation rates. Meanwhile, a virtual population analysis using VIT4 software estimated yield per recruit (Y/R). The analysis yielded exploitation rates E of 0.44 and 0.23 respectively for adult fish and juveniles; therefore the adult stock is overfished during the M. cephalus life stage in sea. In addition, natural mortality (M=1.20 year-1) and total mortality (Z=1.5 year-1) are remarkably high for fish mature age groups III, IV and V. However, in the river the maximum sustainable exploitation (0.50) is not exceeded for juveniles age groups 0+, I and II. In conclusion, management policies should be introduced to safeguard the M. cephalus fishery in the estuary of the Senegal River.
Length-weight models and condition factors of fishes from Okpara Stream, Ouem...AI Publications
Length frequency distributions, length-weight models and condition factors of 21 dominant fish species of the Okpara stream (Oueme River) were examined in Northern-Benin in order to evaluate the well-being of these fish taxa. Samplings were made monthly from December 2015 to May 2017 with seines, gill nets hawks and a total of 9,302 individuals were collected. Fish abundance ranged from 53 individuals for Mormyrus rume to 2,818 for Hemichromis fasciatus. Standard length (SL) varied from 1.2 cm (Coptodon guineensis) to 51.8 cm (Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus). Length-weight regressions equations showed significant (p < 0.05) correlation coefficients (r) ranging between 0.4664 and 0.9949 with slopes (b) between 2.2262 and 3.7703 corresponding to isometric, positive allometric and negative allometric growths displayed by 4, 8 and 9 species, respectively. Condition factors K varied between 0.17 - 29.38 and species with higher well-being were Oreochromis niloticus with K=29.38, Hyperopisius bebe (K=20.14), Coptodon zillii (K=19.25), Mormyrus rume (K=17.13) and Sarotherodon galilaeus multifasciatus (K=16.16). A sustainable exploitation of these fishes requires an ecosystem restoration scheme including habitat protection, species conservation and an ecological follow-up of the Okpara stream.
Population structure, fecundity and morphological characteristics of M. vollenhovenii were studied around Lower Volta River, Ghana subject to dirt of information on this prawn species around the study location. The most prominent morphological characteristics already documented for identification of this species was rostrum bearing 13-15 continuous teeth dorsally and 4-5 teeth on its ventral part. These morphological traits formed the principal components for identification in this study. Results showed that morphological traits on second pereiopods such as presence of spines, spinules, teeth borne within the fingers, and dense projections of setae-like features on telson and uropod were observed relevant for identification purposes. Other results revealed that maximum total length recorded in this study (150-155mm) was higher than total length ranges (≤125mm) documented for this species in earlier studies. Consequently, two adult’s classes of prawns were identified (old adult class 81-120mm; and young adults 31-80mm) and older class was observed to be more in catches than the younger prawns. Absolute fecundity revealed that oocytes estimation varied with respect to seasons, ages of prawns and body sizes of specimens examined. In conclusion, this study observed that M. vollenhovenii fishery is operating in a sustainable manner at the time of this study around the study location.
Comparative study of reproduction cycle of mangrove oyster (Crassostrea gasar...Innspub Net
This study aims to give the bases of an efficient management of oyster stocks of the lagoons of the Ivory Coast and further bases of oyster-farming. It characterizes the reproduction cycle of mangrove oyster Crassostrea gasar in two lagoons of Côte d’Ivoire. The Ebrié lagoon; on the level of Grand-Bassam and Azito and the Aby lagoon; on the level of Assinie. Thus, a monthly sampling of 30 oysters per site for 12 months (October 2015 at September 2016) has been made. For each oyster, the linear and ponderal parameters were determined. In addition, the gonad of each oyster was extracted and subjected to a histological study. The results showed that C. gasar has a cycle of reproduction made up of five (5) stages sexual maturity. The sex-ratio is in favour of the females with respectively the ratio (male/female) of 1:2.9 ratios in Assinie, 1:4 in Grand-Bassam and 1:2.6 in Azito. It was noted that C. gasar has a continuous reproduction. However, stages III and IV were more present during the small rainy season (SRS) and the small dry season (SDS) at the level of the sites of Assinie and Grand-Bassam. It is during these two seasons that the gonadosomatic index and the condition factor had its greater values. As for the site of Azito, it recorded constancy in the evolution of gonadosomatic index and the condition factor. At the end of this study, it would be interesting to consider the culture of the mangrove oysters (C. gasar) in an environment controlled to ensure the perennity.
Population characteristics of the Japanese threadfin bream Nemipterus japonic...AbdullaAlAsif1
Nemipterus japonicus (Japanese threadfin bream) is one of the most significant fish species throughout the Indo-Pacific regions. No previous studies on the population dynamics of N. japonicus have been carried out in the Eastern Malaysia (Malaysian Borneo). The present study focused on the population dynamics of N. japonicus from April 2013 to March 2014 in the coastal area of Bintulu, South China Sea. Local fishermen provided samples, which were then analysed. The FiSAT II software was used to evaluate the collected length frequency data. The asymptotic length (L ∞) and growth coefficient (K) were 26.78 cm and 0.85 yr-1, respectively. The growth performance index (ϕ'), total mortality coefficient (Z), natural mortality (M) and fishing mortality (F) were 2.785, 2.97, 1.63 and 1.34 per year, respectively. According to the estimates, the exploitation rate (E) for N. japonicus was 0.45, while the E 0.1 , E 0.5 and E max were determined as 0.72, 0.4 and 0.806, respectively. The obtained value of exploitation was less than E max, although slightly higher than E 0.5. The recruitment characteristics of N. japonicus have been stable throughout the year, with one peak pulse. The results contribute to the knowledge of the dynamics of N. japonicus populations and are important for the sustainable management of the Sarawak fishing resources.
Assessment of size structures, length-weight models and condition factors of ...AI Publications
The Eleotridae is one of the fish family widely distributed in the Benin coastal waters where the species constitute an important component of artisanal fisheries. The current study evaluates length frequency distributions, length-weight models and condition factors of Eleotrid fishes in order to assess their wellbeing in the degrading coastal waters of Benin. Fish samplings were made during eighteen (18) consecutive months and morphometric data were recorded and analyzed using SPSS computer software. Larger Eleotrids were Eleotris vittata, E. senegalensis, E. daganensis and Bostrychus africanus while Dormitator lebretonis, the most abundant species displayed small sizes (standard length) ranging between 1.2 - 11.30 cm. Overall, all the species showed unimodal size distributions except Eleotris daganensis that exhibited a bimodal size distribution in Lake Nokoué. Length-weight models showed allometric growth with slopes b ranging between 2.4725 and 3.7296 along with significant correlation coefficients (r) varying between 0.7695 and 0.9965. Condition factors (K) varied significantly across the four (4) coastal waters and ranged between 0.79 (Dormitator lebretonis) and 3.60 (Eleotris daganensis). The sustainable exploitation of Eleotrid fishes in the Benin coastal waters requires a holistic approach of ecosystem management including ecological follow-up, habitat restauration and species valorization.
Length Frequency Distribution, Length-Weight Relationship and Condition Facto...paperpublications3
Abstract: Length –Frequency Distribution, Length – Weight relationship and condition factor of Pomadasys jubelini from the Lagos lagoon were investigated for 6months in order to study the growth pattern and wellbeing of P.jubelini. A total of 305 specimens of P.jubelini were purchased from local fisher-folks on landing sites at different locations within the Lagos lagoon ( Majidun, Makoko, Ibese, Bayeiku) from January 2012 to June 2012 and used for this study. Their Total length ranging from 12cm to 29.5cm and body weight ranged from 21.3g to 367g. The frequency distribution showed a polymodal distribution of P.jubelini. The size class of 18.0cm to 20.9cm (TL) was more abundant. The length weight relationship was determined by regression coefficient equation Log W= -1.8357+2.9628LogL (n =305, r = 0.9213). P.jubelini showed negative allometric growth (b= 2.96). The mean condition factor 1.31, indicates that P.jubelini were in good condition in the lagoon. The result from this study is relevant for fishery management and stock assessment studies of P.jubelini from the Lagos lagoon.
Study of the diet of the common cuttlefish Sepia officinalis of the exclusive...Innspub Net
The diet of the common cuttlefish Sepia officinalis was studied from samples collected in the coastal waters of
Côte d'Ivoire, for 12 months. According to the qualitative analysis of the stomach contents of all these animals,
fish and crustaceans represented respectively, 50.23% and 38.65% of the examined stomachs are the most
regularly consumed prey. The monthly evolution of the vacuity coefficient shows that this index varies according
to the sexual cycle. Juveniles feed primarily on crustaceans. The stomachs bowl of the adults contains fish but
also crustaceans and cephalopods whose frequencies are relatively significant, which would let think that Sepia
officinalis changes trophic behavior in connection with the evolution of its physiological state and that at the
adult state, the animal acquires performances which enable him to apprehend the preys with fast movements in
fact the fish.
Assessing the Sardine Multispecies Fishery of the Gulf of CaliforniaAI Publications
In the fishery of small pelagics at the Gulf of California, the South American pilchard Sardinops sagax (Jenyns, 1842) is the main target. In the years when the abundance of this species is poor and its catches are low, the fishery is diverted into other species such as the Pacific thread herring (Opisthonema libertate (Günter)), and the Pacific anchoveta (Cetengraulis mysticetus (Günter)). Since the 90s, the anchoveta (Engraulis mordax) appeared in the catch records and later on, other species of lesser importance appeared such as the mackerel (Scomberomorus sierra (Jordan & Starks)), the red eye-round herring (Etrumeus teres (DeKay)) and the shortjaw leatherjacket (Oligoplites refulgens Gilbert & Starks). When this fishery was analyzed by species, it was found that, although it is a very profitable activity, there is not a management strategy, leading it to the risk of overexploitation, as the maximum yield level of the target species (the South American pilchard), corresponds to levels of fishing mortality in which the other species of the group are depleted. It was found that there is a substitution of the dominant species over time, because at the beginning of this century the South American pilchard was the target species whilst in 2014 it was the Pacific thread herring. Therefore, this work is focused to the analysis of each species of the fishery, intending to derive recommendations for its management within a sustainable framework.45
A Novel Method for Prevention of Bandwidth Distributed Denial of Service AttacksIJERD Editor
Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attacks became a massive threat to the Internet. Traditional
Architecture of internet is vulnerable to the attacks like DDoS. Attacker primarily acquire his army of Zombies,
then that army will be instructed by the Attacker that when to start an attack and on whom the attack should be
done. In this paper, different techniques which are used to perform DDoS Attacks, Tools that were used to
perform Attacks and Countermeasures in order to detect the attackers and eliminate the Bandwidth Distributed
Denial of Service attacks (B-DDoS) are reviewed. DDoS Attacks were done by using various Flooding
techniques which are used in DDoS attack.
The main purpose of this paper is to design an architecture which can reduce the Bandwidth
Distributed Denial of service Attack and make the victim site or server available for the normal users by
eliminating the zombie machines. Our Primary focus of this paper is to dispute how normal machines are
turning into zombies (Bots), how attack is been initiated, DDoS attack procedure and how an organization can
save their server from being a DDoS victim. In order to present this we implemented a simulated environment
with Cisco switches, Routers, Firewall, some virtual machines and some Attack tools to display a real DDoS
attack. By using Time scheduling, Resource Limiting, System log, Access Control List and some Modular
policy Framework we stopped the attack and identified the Attacker (Bot) machines
Hearing loss is one of the most common human impairments. It is estimated that by year 2015 more
than 700 million people will suffer mild deafness. Most can be helped by hearing aid devices depending on the
severity of their hearing loss. This paper describes the implementation and characterization details of a dual
channel transmitter front end (TFE) for digital hearing aid (DHA) applications that use novel micro
electromechanical- systems (MEMS) audio transducers and ultra-low power-scalable analog-to-digital
converters (ADCs), which enable a very-low form factor, energy-efficient implementation for next-generation
DHA. The contribution of the design is the implementation of the dual channel MEMS microphones and powerscalable
ADC system.
Influence of tensile behaviour of slab on the structural Behaviour of shear c...IJERD Editor
-A composite beam is composed of a steel beam and a slab connected by means of shear connectors
like studs installed on the top flange of the steel beam to form a structure behaving monolithically. This study
analyzes the effects of the tensile behavior of the slab on the structural behavior of the shear connection like slip
stiffness and maximum shear force in composite beams subjected to hogging moment. The results show that the
shear studs located in the crack-concentration zones due to large hogging moments sustain significantly smaller
shear force and slip stiffness than the other zones. Moreover, the reduction of the slip stiffness in the shear
connection appears also to be closely related to the change in the tensile strain of rebar according to the increase
of the load. Further experimental and analytical studies shall be conducted considering variables such as the
reinforcement ratio and the arrangement of shear connectors to achieve efficient design of the shear connection
in composite beams subjected to hogging moment.
Gold prospecting using Remote Sensing ‘A case study of Sudan’IJERD Editor
Gold has been extracted from northeast Africa for more than 5000 years, and this may be the first
place where the metal was extracted. The Arabian-Nubian Shield (ANS) is an exposure of Precambrian
crystalline rocks on the flanks of the Red Sea. The crystalline rocks are mostly Neoproterozoic in age. ANS
includes the nations of Israel, Jordan. Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Yemen, and Somalia.
Arabian Nubian Shield Consists of juvenile continental crest that formed between 900 550 Ma, when intra
oceanic arc welded together along ophiolite decorated arc. Primary Au mineralization probably developed in
association with the growth of intra oceanic arc and evolution of back arc. Multiple episodes of deformation
have obscured the primary metallogenic setting, but at least some of the deposits preserve evidence that they
originate as sea floor massive sulphide deposits.
The Red Sea Hills Region is a vast span of rugged, harsh and inhospitable sector of the Earth with
inimical moon-like terrain, nevertheless since ancient times it is famed to be an abode of gold and was a major
source of wealth for the Pharaohs of ancient Egypt. The Pharaohs old workings have been periodically
rediscovered through time. Recent endeavours by the Geological Research Authority of Sudan led to the
discovery of a score of occurrences with gold and massive sulphide mineralizations. In the nineties of the
previous century the Geological Research Authority of Sudan (GRAS) in cooperation with BRGM utilized
satellite data of Landsat TM using spectral ratio technique to map possible mineralized zones in the Red Sea
Hills of Sudan. The outcome of the study mapped a gossan type gold mineralization. Band ratio technique was
applied to Arbaat area and a signature of alteration zone was detected. The alteration zones are commonly
associated with mineralization. The alteration zones are commonly associated with mineralization. A filed check
confirmed the existence of stock work of gold bearing quartz in the alteration zone. Another type of gold
mineralization that was discovered using remote sensing is the gold associated with metachert in the Atmur
Desert.
Reducing Corrosion Rate by Welding DesignIJERD Editor
The paper addresses the importance of welding design to prevent corrosion at steel. Welding is
used to join pipe, profiles at bridges, spindle, and a lot more part of engineering construction. The
problems happened associated with welding are common issues in these fields, especially corrosion.
Corrosion can be reduced with many methods, they are painting, controlling humidity, and also good
welding design. In the research, it can be found that reducing residual stress on the welding can be
solved in corrosion rate reduction problem.
Preheating on 500oC and 600oC give better condition to reduce corosion rate than condition after
preheating 400oC. For all welding groove type, material with 500oC and 600oC preheating after 14 days
corrosion test is 0,5%-0,69% lost. Material with 400oC preheating after 14 days corrosion test is 0,57%-0,76%
lost.
Welding groove also influence corrosion rate. X and V type welding groove give better condition to reduce
corrosion rate than use 1/2V and 1/2 X welding groove. After 14 days corrosion test, the samples with
X welding groove type is 0,5%-0,57% lost. The samples with V welding groove after 14 days corrosion test is
0,51%-0,59% lost. The samples with 1/2V and 1/2X welding groove after 14 days corrosion test is 0,58%-
0,71% lost.
Router 1X3 – RTL Design and VerificationIJERD Editor
Routing is the process of moving a packet of data from source to destination and enables messages
to pass from one computer to another and eventually reach the target machine. A router is a networking device
that forwards data packets between computer networks. It is connected to two or more data lines from different
networks (as opposed to a network switch, which connects data lines from one single network). This paper,
mainly emphasizes upon the study of router device, it‟s top level architecture, and how various sub-modules of
router i.e. Register, FIFO, FSM and Synchronizer are synthesized, and simulated and finally connected to its top
module.
Active Power Exchange in Distributed Power-Flow Controller (DPFC) At Third Ha...IJERD Editor
This paper presents a component within the flexible ac-transmission system (FACTS) family, called
distributed power-flow controller (DPFC). The DPFC is derived from the unified power-flow controller (UPFC)
with an eliminated common dc link. The DPFC has the same control capabilities as the UPFC, which comprise
the adjustment of the line impedance, the transmission angle, and the bus voltage. The active power exchange
between the shunt and series converters, which is through the common dc link in the UPFC, is now through the
transmission lines at the third-harmonic frequency. DPFC multiple small-size single-phase converters which
reduces the cost of equipment, no voltage isolation between phases, increases redundancy and there by
reliability increases. The principle and analysis of the DPFC are presented in this paper and the corresponding
simulation results that are carried out on a scaled prototype are also shown.
Mitigation of Voltage Sag/Swell with Fuzzy Control Reduced Rating DVRIJERD Editor
Power quality has been an issue that is becoming increasingly pivotal in industrial electricity
consumers point of view in recent times. Modern industries employ Sensitive power electronic equipments,
control devices and non-linear loads as part of automated processes to increase energy efficiency and
productivity. Voltage disturbances are the most common power quality problem due to this the use of a large
numbers of sophisticated and sensitive electronic equipment in industrial systems is increased. This paper
discusses the design and simulation of dynamic voltage restorer for improvement of power quality and
reduce the harmonics distortion of sensitive loads. Power quality problem is occurring at non-standard
voltage, current and frequency. Electronic devices are very sensitive loads. In power system voltage sag,
swell, flicker and harmonics are some of the problem to the sensitive load. The compensation capability
of a DVR depends primarily on the maximum voltage injection ability and the amount of stored
energy available within the restorer. This device is connected in series with the distribution feeder at
medium voltage. A fuzzy logic control is used to produce the gate pulses for control circuit of DVR and the
circuit is simulated by using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
Study on the Fused Deposition Modelling In Additive ManufacturingIJERD Editor
Additive manufacturing process, also popularly known as 3-D printing, is a process where a product
is created in a succession of layers. It is based on a novel materials incremental manufacturing philosophy.
Unlike conventional manufacturing processes where material is removed from a given work price to derive the
final shape of a product, 3-D printing develops the product from scratch thus obviating the necessity to cut away
materials. This prevents wastage of raw materials. Commonly used raw materials for the process are ABS
plastic, PLA and nylon. Recently the use of gold, bronze and wood has also been implemented. The complexity
factor of this process is 0% as in any object of any shape and size can be manufactured.
Spyware triggering system by particular string valueIJERD Editor
This computer programme can be used for good and bad purpose in hacking or in any general
purpose. We can say it is next step for hacking techniques such as keylogger and spyware. Once in this system if
user or hacker store particular string as a input after that software continually compare typing activity of user
with that stored string and if it is match then launch spyware programme.
A Blind Steganalysis on JPEG Gray Level Image Based on Statistical Features a...IJERD Editor
This paper presents a blind steganalysis technique to effectively attack the JPEG steganographic
schemes i.e. Jsteg, F5, Outguess and DWT Based. The proposed method exploits the correlations between
block-DCTcoefficients from intra-block and inter-block relation and the statistical moments of characteristic
functions of the test image is selected as features. The features are extracted from the BDCT JPEG 2-array.
Support Vector Machine with cross-validation is implemented for the classification.The proposed scheme gives
improved outcome in attacking.
Secure Image Transmission for Cloud Storage System Using Hybrid SchemeIJERD Editor
- Data over the cloud is transferred or transmitted between servers and users. Privacy of that
data is very important as it belongs to personal information. If data get hacked by the hacker, can be
used to defame a person’s social data. Sometimes delay are held during data transmission. i.e. Mobile
communication, bandwidth is low. Hence compression algorithms are proposed for fast and efficient
transmission, encryption is used for security purposes and blurring is used by providing additional
layers of security. These algorithms are hybridized for having a robust and efficient security and
transmission over cloud storage system.
Application of Buckley-Leverett Equation in Modeling the Radius of Invasion i...IJERD Editor
A thorough review of existing literature indicates that the Buckley-Leverett equation only analyzes
waterflood practices directly without any adjustments on real reservoir scenarios. By doing so, quite a number
of errors are introduced into these analyses. Also, for most waterflood scenarios, a radial investigation is more
appropriate than a simplified linear system. This study investigates the adoption of the Buckley-Leverett
equation to estimate the radius invasion of the displacing fluid during waterflooding. The model is also adopted
for a Microbial flood and a comparative analysis is conducted for both waterflooding and microbial flooding.
Results shown from the analysis doesn’t only records a success in determining the radial distance of the leading
edge of water during the flooding process, but also gives a clearer understanding of the applicability of
microbes to enhance oil production through in-situ production of bio-products like bio surfactans, biogenic
gases, bio acids etc.
Gesture Gaming on the World Wide Web Using an Ordinary Web CameraIJERD Editor
- Gesture gaming is a method by which users having a laptop/pc/x-box play games using natural or
bodily gestures. This paper presents a way of playing free flash games on the internet using an ordinary webcam
with the help of open source technologies. Emphasis in human activity recognition is given on the pose
estimation and the consistency in the pose of the player. These are estimated with the help of an ordinary web
camera having different resolutions from VGA to 20mps. Our work involved giving a 10 second documentary to
the user on how to play a particular game using gestures and what are the various kinds of gestures that can be
performed in front of the system. The initial inputs of the RGB values for the gesture component is obtained by
instructing the user to place his component in a red box in about 10 seconds after the short documentary before
the game is finished. Later the system opens the concerned game on the internet on popular flash game sites like
miniclip, games arcade, GameStop etc and loads the game clicking at various places and brings the state to a
place where the user is to perform only gestures to start playing the game. At any point of time the user can call
off the game by hitting the esc key and the program will release all of the controls and return to the desktop. It
was noted that the results obtained using an ordinary webcam matched that of the Kinect and the users could
relive the gaming experience of the free flash games on the net. Therefore effective in game advertising could
also be achieved thus resulting in a disruptive growth to the advertising firms.
Hardware Analysis of Resonant Frequency Converter Using Isolated Circuits And...IJERD Editor
-LLC resonant frequency converter is basically a combo of series as well as parallel resonant ckt. For
LCC resonant converter it is associated with a disadvantage that, though it has two resonant frequencies, the
lower resonant frequency is in ZCS region[5]. For this application, we are not able to design the converter
working at this resonant frequency. LLC resonant converter existed for a very long time but because of
unknown characteristic of this converter it was used as a series resonant converter with basically a passive
(resistive) load. . Here, it was designed to operate in switching frequency higher than resonant frequency of the
series resonant tank of Lr and Cr converter acts very similar to Series Resonant Converter. The benefit of LLC
resonant converter is narrow switching frequency range with light load[6] . Basically, the control ckt plays a
very imp. role and hence 555 Timer used here provides a perfect square wave as the control ckt provides no
slew rate which makes the square wave really strong and impenetrable. The dead band circuit provides the
exclusive dead band in micro seconds so as to avoid the simultaneous firing of two pairs of IGBT’s where one
pair switches off and the other on for a slightest period of time. Hence, the isolator ckt here is associated with
each and every ckt used because it acts as a driver and an isolation to each of the IGBT is provided with one
exclusive transformer supply[3]. The IGBT’s are fired using the appropriate signal using the previous boards
and hence at last a high frequency rectifier ckt with a filtering capacitor is used to get an exact dc
waveform .The basic goal of this particular analysis is to observe the wave forms and characteristics of
converters with differently positioned passive elements in the form of tank circuits.
Simulated Analysis of Resonant Frequency Converter Using Different Tank Circu...IJERD Editor
LLC resonant frequency converter is basically a combo of series as well as parallel resonant ckt. For
LCC resonant converter it is associated with a disadvantage that, though it has two resonant frequencies, the
lower resonant frequency is in ZCS region [5]. For this application, we are not able to design the converter
working at this resonant frequency. LLC resonant converter existed for a very long time but because of
unknown characteristic of this converter it was used as a series resonant converter with basically a passive
(resistive) load. . Here, it was designed to operate in switching frequency higher than resonant frequency of the
series resonant tank of Lr and Cr converter acts very similar to Series Resonant Converter. The benefit of LLC
resonant converter is narrow switching frequency range with light load[6] . Basically, the control ckt plays a
very imp. role and hence 555 Timer used here provides a perfect square wave as the control ckt provides no
slew rate which makes the square wave really strong and impenetrable. The dead band circuit provides the
exclusive dead band in micro seconds so as to avoid the simultaneous firing of two pairs of IGBT’s where one
pair switches off and the other on for a slightest period of time. Hence, the isolator ckt here is associated with
each and every ckt used because it acts as a driver and an isolation to each of the IGBT is provided with one
exclusive transformer supply[3]. The IGBT’s are fired using the appropriate signal using the previous boards
and hence at last a high frequency rectifier ckt with a filtering capacitor is used to get an exact dc
waveform .The basic goal of this particular analysis is to observe the wave forms and characteristics of
converters with differently positioned passive elements in the form of tank circuits. The supported simulation
is done through PSIM 6.0 software tool
Amateurs Radio operator, also known as HAM communicates with other HAMs through Radio
waves. Wireless communication in which Moon is used as natural satellite is called Moon-bounce or EME
(Earth -Moon-Earth) technique. Long distance communication (DXing) using Very High Frequency (VHF)
operated amateur HAM radio was difficult. Even with the modest setup having good transceiver, power
amplifier and high gain antenna with high directivity, VHF DXing is possible. Generally 2X11 YAGI antenna
along with rotor to set horizontal and vertical angle is used. Moon tracking software gives exact location,
visibility of Moon at both the stations and other vital data to acquire real time position of moon.
“MS-Extractor: An Innovative Approach to Extract Microsatellites on „Y‟ Chrom...IJERD Editor
Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR), also known as Microsatellites, have been extensively used as
molecular markers due to their abundance and high degree of polymorphism. The nucleotide sequences of
polymorphic forms of the same gene should be 99.9% identical. So, Microsatellites extraction from the Gene is
crucial. However, Microsatellites repeat count is compared, if they differ largely, he has some disorder. The Y
chromosome likely contains 50 to 60 genes that provide instructions for making proteins. Because only males
have the Y chromosome, the genes on this chromosome tend to be involved in male sex determination and
development. Several Microsatellite Extractors exist and they fail to extract microsatellites on large data sets of
giga bytes and tera bytes in size. The proposed tool “MS-Extractor: An Innovative Approach to extract
Microsatellites on „Y‟ Chromosome” can extract both Perfect as well as Imperfect Microsatellites from large
data sets of human genome „Y‟. The proposed system uses string matching with sliding window approach to
locate Microsatellites and extracts them.
Importance of Measurements in Smart GridIJERD Editor
- The need to get reliable supply, independence from fossil fuels, and capability to provide clean
energy at a fixed and lower cost, the existing power grid structure is transforming into Smart Grid. The
development of a smart energy distribution grid is a current goal of many nations. A Smart Grid should have
new capabilities such as self-healing, high reliability, energy management, and real-time pricing. This new era
of smart future grid will lead to major changes in existing technologies at generation, transmission and
distribution levels. The incorporation of renewable energy resources and distribution generators in the existing
grid will increase the complexity, optimization problems and instability of the system. This will lead to a
paradigm shift in the instrumentation and control requirements for Smart Grids for high quality, stable and
reliable electricity supply of power. The monitoring of the grid system state and stability relies on the
availability of reliable measurement of data. In this paper the measurement areas that highlight new
measurement challenges, development of the Smart Meters and the critical parameters of electric energy to be
monitored for improving the reliability of power systems has been discussed.
Study of Macro level Properties of SCC using GGBS and Lime stone powderIJERD Editor
One of the major environmental concerns is the disposal of the waste materials and utilization of
industrial by products. Lime stone quarries will produce millions of tons waste dust powder every year. Having
considerable high degree of fineness in comparision to cement this material may be utilized as a partial
replacement to cement. For this purpose an experiment is conducted to investigate the possibility of using lime
stone powder in the production of SCC with combined use GGBS and how it affects the fresh and mechanical
properties of SCC. First SCC is made by replacing cement with GGBS in percentages like 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and
by taking the optimum mix with GGBS lime stone powder is blended to mix in percentages like 5, 10, 15, 20 as
a partial replacement to cement. Test results shows that the SCC mix with combination of 30% GGBS and 15%
limestone powder gives maximum compressive strength and fresh properties are also in the limits prescribed by
the EFNARC.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptx
G1074651
1. International Journal of Engineering Research and Development
e-ISSN: 2278-067X, p-ISSN: 2278-800X, www.ijerd.com
Volume 10, Issue 7 (July 2014), PP.46-51
The use of Electronic Length Frequency Analysis computer
program for age, growth and management assessment of
Mugilidae Liza falcipinnis (Linné, 1758) from Ebrié and
Grand-Lahou lagoons, Ivory Coast.
1,2Ebram Luc Gervais DJADJI, 1Justin Kouadio KONAN, 1Soumaïla SYLLA,
3Wongbé YTE, 1*Boua Célestin ATSE, 2Paul Essetchi KOUAMELN
1Centre de Recherches Océanologiques (CRO), BPV 18 Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
2UFR Biosciences, Université Felix Houphouët-Boigny, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Côte d’Ivoire
3Centre National de Recherche Agronomique (CNRA), 01 BP 1740 Abidjan 01, Côte d'Ivoire
Abstract:- Age, growth, mortality and exploitation status of Liza falcipinnis were studied in Ebrié and Grand-
Lahou lagoons, Ivory Coast from January 2006 to December 2007. A total of 2162 specimens were examined
(914 and 1248 in Ebrié and Grand-Lahou lagoons respectively). Monthly length frequency data were analyzed
by FiSAT software for estimation of population parameters. Asymptotic length (L∞) was 39.9 and 42.0 cm for
Ebrié and Grand-Lahou lagoons respectively. Growth coefficient (K) was 0.36 year-1 and 0.20 year-1
respectively in Ebrié and Grand-Lahou lagoons, and the calculated growth performance index (φ’) was 2.76 and
2.59 for Ebrié and Grand-Lahou lagoons respectively. Total mortality (Z) by length-converted catch curve was
estimated at 1.28 year-1 and 1.43 year-1 respectively in Ebrié and Grand-Lahou lagoons, fishing mortality (F) at
0.46 year-1 and 0.53 year-1, and natural mortality (M) at 0.82 year-1 and 0.90 year-1 respectively in Ebrié and
Grand-Lahou lagoons The exploitation level (E) was estimated to be 0.36 and 0.37 in Ebrié and Grand-Lahou
lagoons respectively. The recruitment pattern was continuous with two major peaks event per year. The
exploitation level (E = 0.36 and 0.37 < 0.50) and lower fishing mortality (0.46 year-1 and 0.53 year-1) indicate
that the Liza falcipinnis stock is under-exploited. Wherever, the majority of fish caught in the both lagoons at a
size far below the first sexual length. This suggests for management purpose and conservation the reproducing
part in the both lagoons.
Keywords:- Sickle fin mullet, length frequency, first maturity, population structure, West Africa
I. INTRODUCTION
Studies of age, growth, mortality rate and exploitation rate are crucial for stock assessment [1]. The
growth parameters and the mortality rate are the important tools to assessment the exploitation level of the
pelagic species [2]. However, fish stock assessment should be carried out for each stock separately, since an
essential characteristic of a stock is that its population parameters remain constant throughout its area of
distribution [2]. There are many tools for assessing the exploitation level and stock status. Of these, FiSAT
(FAO-ICLARM Stock Assessment Tools) has been most frequently used for estimating population parameters
of fish and shellfish [3].
Mugilidae fishes are important ichthyofaunal components of tropical fresh and brackish water
ecosystems. They are important ecologically and commercially, and are widely exploited and cultured. Liza
falcipinnis is one of the most valued fish for Ivorian consumers [4]. This species has a wide distribution in the
Ivorian lagoons. In spite of its widespread occurrence in the Ivorian waters and economic importance, very little
is known about the dynamic population of Liza falcipinnis. The purpose of this study was to estimate the
population parameters and exploitation level of Liza falcipinnis to assess the stock position of the species from
two complex lagoons (Ebrié and Grand Lahou in Ivory Coast.
II. MATERIAL AND METHODS
46
A. Study area
Their areas were 566 km² and 190 km² with a maximum depth of 20 and 3 m respectively in Ebrié and
Grand-Lahou lagoons [5]. Liza falcipinnis were collected in the Ebrié and lagoon and Grand-Lahou lagoons, as
shown in Fig. 1.
2. Age, growth and management assessment of Mugilidae Liza falcipinnis...
Fig 1: Map of Ebrié and Grand-Lahou lagoons (Ivory Coast) showing the sampling site (●)
47
B. Fish sampling
Monthly samples of Liza falcipinnis were collected at five sites in Ebrié and Grand-Lahou lagoons
from January 2006 to December 2007. At each level lagoon, the experimental fishing has been carried out at
night and daylight. The fish were caught using gillnet and identified by Albaret’s key [4].
C. Measurements
Each fish was measured to the nearest cm for the fork length (FL), total body weight (TW) and
eviscerated body weight (EW) were measured to the nearest 0.01 g. The sex was determined by the macroscopic
gonad investigation. The size of the first sexual maturity was given for the males and the females while
regarding as mature fish presenting of the gonads at the stage equal to or higher than 4 and 5 of sexual
maturation [6]. The proportion of mature individuals (P), by class of size of 1cm, was adjusted by the function
of Ghorbel et al. (1996) [7]. Ebrié and Grand-Lahou lagoons’ data sites were pooled monthly and subsequently
grouped into length classes at 2 cm intervals. Population parameters data analysis were based on the Electronic
Length Frequency Analysis (ELEFAN 1) computer program, incorporated in Food and Agriculture
Organization-International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management (FAO-ICLARM) Stock
Assessment Tool (FiSAT) were used to estimate the growth parameters (K, L∞, to) [8]. The estimation of the
growth parameters were based on the Von Bertalanffy Growth Formula (VBGF) expressed as: Lt= L∞ [1-e-k(t-to)],
where Lt = mean length at age t; L∞ = asymptotic length; K = growth coefficient; t = age, t0 = the hypothetical
age at which the length is zero [9] with log10(-t0) = - 0.392- 0.275log10 L∞ - 1.038 log10 K. Once the growth
parameters of VBGF were obtained, a linearized length-converted catch curve [10] was constructed using the
following formula to estimate total mortality (Z): Ln (Nt / Δt) = a + bt, where N = is the number of individuals
of relative age (t) and Δt is the time needed for the Liza falcipinnis to growth through a length class. The slope (b)
of the curve with its sign changed gives Z. Natural mortality (M) was estimated using the empirical relationship
of Pauly ([11] 1980). Log10 M = - 0.0066 – 0.279 log10 L∞ + 0.6543 Log10 K + 0.4634 Log10 T where M is the
natural mortality, L∞ the asymptotic length, K the growth coefficient of the VBGF and T the mean annual habitat
water temperature (°C). Z and M obtained, fishing mortality (F) was estimated using the relationship: F = Z – M;
where Z is the total mortality and M, natural mortality. The exploitation level (E) was obtained from E = F/ Z =
F/ F + M. The recruitment pattern was obtained by projecting the length-frequency data backwards on the time
axis using growth parameters [12]. Relative yield per recruit (Y / R) and biomass per recruit (B / R) were
estimated according to the model of Beverton & Holt (1957) [13] using the knife-edge selection.
3. Age, growth and management assessment of Mugilidae Liza falcipinnis...
48
D. Data analysis
The percentages of the sexes were compared by means of the test of homogeneity (χ²). The statistical
analyzes were carried out with the software Statistica 7.1 for the reproductive biology data and FiSAT (FAO-ICLARM
Stock Assessment Tools) software for the population dynamic data.
III. RESULTS
A. First maturity size
A total of 1001 specimens (408 males, 506 females and 87 juveniles) in Ebrié lagoon and 1327
specimens of Liza falcipinnis (519 males, 729 females and 79 juveniles) in Grand Lahou lagoon were analysed.
The first sexual maturity size was 21.0 cm (FL) for males and 27.9 cm (FL) for females in Ebrié lagoon and,
24.7 cm (FL) for males and 27.9 cm (FL) for females in Grand Lahou lagoon, as shown in Fig. 2. But, any
significant difference were observed between the both sex and the both lagoons (χ2= 0.97; p > 0.05 for males;
χ2= 0.19; p > 0.05 for females).
A
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
males
females
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Fork Length (cm)
0
Percentage of mature specimens (%)
21.0 cm (FL50, males mature)
27.9 cm (FL50, females mature)
B
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Fork Length (cm)
0
Percentage of specimens mature (%)
24.7 cm (FL50, males mature)
27.9 cm (FL50, females mature)
Figure 2: Fork length at first sexual maturity (L50) for male and female Liza falcipinnis caught in Ebrié (A)
and Grand-Lahou (B) lagoons from January 2006 to December 2007.
4. Age, growth and management assessment of Mugilidae Liza falcipinnis...
49
A. Growth parameters
The values of L∞ and K obtained were 39.9 cm and 0.34 year-1 for Liza falcipinnis in Ebrié lagoon.
They were 42 cm and 0.43 year-1 respectively in Grand-Lahou lagoon. The hypothetic age (to) was -0.45 and -
0.35 year-1 in Ebrié and Grand Lahou lagoons respectively.
C. Mortality and exploitation rates
The total mortality coefficient, the natural mortality coefficient and the fishing mortality coefficient
were respectively 1.28; 0.82 and 0.46 year-1 in Ebrié lagoon. In the same order, the parameters were 1.43; 0.90
and 0.53 year-1 in Grand-Lahou lagoon. Exploitation level is estimated to be 0.36 and 0.37 in Ebrié and Grand-
Lahou lagoons respectively, as shown in Fig. 3.
D. Length at first capture Lc
The length at first capture was FL50 = 19.57 and 16.28 cm in Ebrié and Grand-Lahou lagoons respectively, as
shown in Fig. 3.
Ebrié
Figure 3: Dynamic population parameters : mortalities, probability of capture, recruitment and exploitation rate
of Liza falcipinnis in Ebrie (A) and Grand-Lahou (B) lagoon.
Recruitment
Figure 3 shows that the recruitment of Liza falcipinnis is continuous throughout the year with two peaks of
inequal importance. The first appeared from March to May and the second is observed from August to October
in the lagoon Ebrie. In Grand-Lahou lagoon, the first takes place from April to June and the second from August
to September
Figure 3: Dynamic population parameters : mortalities, probability of capture, recruitment and
exploitation rate of Liza falcipinnis in Ebrié (A) and Grand-Lahou (B) lagoon.
Mortalities
Grand Lahou
Mortalities
Probability of capture
Probability of capture
Recruitment
Recruitment
Exploitation rate
Exploitation rate
5. Age, growth and management assessment of Mugilidae Liza falcipinnis...
IV. DISCUSSION
In the present study, the males reach sexual maturity faster than females. Abou-Seedo & Dadzie (2004)
[14] are agreed with our results. The size frequency distribution obtained may be attributed at the selectivity of
gillnet. In fact, the fish are trapped by their gills when they try to swim through or many sheets of various mesh
sizes of which they are entangled. According to Von Brandt (1984) [15], gillnet is a passive gear and it is a large
wall of netting vertically hanging in the water. Gillnets are highly selective for smaller size of fish. Also, age
structure and size distribution could be related to fishing pressure [16]. Generally, the effects of fishing on fish
communities include a decrease in their abundance, changes in age structure and size composition, and in
species composition [17].
The estimated value of L∞ in Ebrié lagoon is less than that of Grand Lahou lagoon. It is the same of K.
The reasons for the variation in these values may be due to the ecological differences between Ebrié and Grand-
Lahou lagoons, feeding variability and fishing pressure. According to Amrollahi et al. (2011) [18] and
Seyedahmadreza et al. (2011) [19], it is possible that the variations in population parameters of Liza falcipinnis
represent epigenetic responses to the different environmental conditions (temperature, food, geographic
location). In this study, the natural mortality was higher than the fishing mortality in the both lagoons and were
the same order (F = 0.82 year-1 in Ebrié lagoon and F = 0.90 year-1 in Grand-Lahou lagoon). The high values of
natural mortality in the both lagoons could be explained by the environmental conditions (temperatures and
currents), the physiological factors (diseases and old age) and factors due to the fates (meeting with possible
predators and predation of eggs) [20]. Information about the magnitude of natural mortality is essential for
effective management of exploited fish populations. Unfortunately, natural mortality is difficult to estimate
directly because natural deaths are rarely observed [21]. The both lagoons present a similar exploitation rate
(0.36 and 0.37 in Ebrié and Grand-Lahou lagoons respectively). These exploitation rates (0.36 and 0.37) are
lowest than the maximum allowable limite (Emax = 0.5). Gulland (1969) [22] suggested that in an optimally
exploited stock, fishing mortality should be equal to natural mortality, resulting in an exploitation rate of 0.50
year–1. Consequently, it indicates that Liza falcipinnis is underexploited in the both lagoons. The length at first
capture (Lc50 = 19.57 and 16.28 cm in Ebrié and Grand-Lahou lagoons) is lowest than the length at first sexual
maturity (21 and 27.9 cm for male and female in Ebrié lagoon, 24.7 and 27.9 cm for male and female in Grand-
Lahou lagoon). The results of this study show that Liza falcipinnis is caught in a size smaller than the size at
first maturity at both lagoons. The norm is that the length at first capture is greater than the first sexual maturity.
In order to maintain a population in equilibrium it is of great importance to give each fish the chance of
reproducing at least once in its lifetime to recruit the stock, and therefore the length at first capture should be
bigger than size at first maturity [18]. For Morgan (1985) [23], for a sustainable fishery, the length at first
capture must be equal to length at first maturity. There exists more than on recruitment. The recruitment pattern
shows that the recruitment of Liza falcipinnis is continuous all the year with two peaks. This means that two
cohorts are produced annually. These observations are similar to those of Djiby (1990) [24]. According to this
author, in tropical zone, recruitment is often continuous all the year, with one (which is rare) or more (which is
often) maxima separated by minima. The characteristics of recruitment provide additional information on the
adaptation strategy and the vulnerability of species in relation to changes in environmental conditions [25]. For
this author, the type and intensity of recruitment are important. In specie with short life, a failure of recruitment
has an immediate negative effect on the exploitable stock. In revenge, for species with high life, recruitment less
directly influences the abundance stock.
V. CONCLUSION
In the both lagoons, natural mortality is higher than the fishing mortality. Though Liza falcipinnis is
underexploited (E= 0.36 and 0.37 in Ebrié and Grand-Lahou lagoons respectively). It is necessary to impose
fishing regulation or by restricting fishing for certain seasons especially in spawning areas or spawning period to
maintain stock of equilibrium in the both lagoons. The majority of fish caught in the both lagoons at a size far
below the first sexual length. It is also important to change the mesh sizes to catch larger fishes to conserve the
reproducing part of Liza falcipinnis population in the both lagoons.
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