Quackery refers to health fraud involving products and services that have not been proven safe or effective. It is typically operated by individuals without proper medical qualifications who use meaningless jargon and scare tactics. Characteristics of health quackery include it being very lucrative, spreading rapidly, and preying on incurable illnesses. Forms include medical, nutrition, and device quackery. Psychological and physical harms can result. Complementary medicine is used together with conventional medicine, while alternative medicine is used instead of it. Approved alternative modalities in the Philippines include acupuncture, cupping massage therapy, reflexology, acupressure, and nutrition therapy.

2.  Types and Harmful
Physical, and
Psychological
Effects

3. QUACKERY
 a form of a health fraud, is any advertisement,
promotion, or sale of products and services that
have not been scientifically proven safe and
effective.
 dishonest practices and claims to have special
knowledge and skills in some field, typically in
medicine
 It is being operated by a quack. A quack is an
individual that has little or no professional
qualifications to practice medicine. He/She also
pretentiously uses meaningless medical jargon and
relies on scare tactics, paranoid accusations, and
quick fixes.

4. CHARACTERISTICS OF HEALTH
QUACKERY
 First, it is a big business. A huge amount of
money is spent on fraudulent health
products and services.
 Second, it multiplies and spreads fast.
 Lastly, it thrives on individuals who are
diagnosed with illnesses that are known to
have no cure.

5.  FORMS OF QUACKERY
 a. Medical quackery Medical quackery includes cures,
treatments, and remedies of various health conditions
that are drugless or bloodless in nature.
 b. Nutrition quackery Nutrition quackery involves
promotion of food fads and other nutritional practices
that claim to be all-natural. These are believed to have
beneficial properties of multiple plants in one product.
 c. Device quackery Device quackery makes use of
miraculous gadgets (such as dials, gauges, electrodes,
magnets, and blinkers) that are believed to cure
certain health conditions.

6. Psychological and Physical effect
 Psychological harm includes irrational fears,
guilt, anti social behavior
 Physically illness become worse, body parts
and deformities may arise

8.  A complementary medicine is
availed and integrated together
with traditional medicine or
conventional medicine. On the
other hand, alternative
medicine is offered in place of
traditional medicine, products
and practices that is not a part
of standard care.

9. Domains of complementary and
alternative medicine
 biology-based practices- taking herbal medicine and
availing of special diets and vitamins
 energy medicine- uses magnetic fields or biofields in
belief that energy fields may enter various points in the
body
 manipulative and body-based practices- are bodily-
kinesthetic in nature and are concerned with movement
therapy.
 mind-body medicine - uses mental exercises in belief
that the brain is central to the health of an individual.

10.  In our country, Republic Act No. 8423 or the
Traditional and Alternative Medicine Act of
1997 provisioned the creation of the
Philippine Institute of Traditional and
Alternative Healthcare (PITAHC), which
works closely with the Department of
Health. The PITAHC is also the law-making
body with regards to the effective use of
traditional and alternative medicine. Here
are examples of the PITAHC-approved
alternative modalities

11. Naturopathy
“Naturopathic medicine views diseases
as a manifestation of an alteration in
the processes by which the body
naturally heals itself” (Donatelle,
2006). Naturopathy offers a wide range
of natural practices including herbal
medicine acupuncture, acupressure,
nutritional therapy, and ventosa
cupping massage therapy.

13. 1. Acupuncture It is a form of energy
medicine where long thin needles are
inserted to specific parts of the body to
affect the energy flow. Acupuncture is
believed to treat musculoskeletal
dysfunctions.
 2. Ventosa cupping massage therapy
This procedure is done by placing
inverted glasses that have flames from
burning cotton, on specific points in the
body. It is believed to relieve muscle and
joint pains.

14.  3. Reflexology Similar to acupuncture,
reflexology focuses on treating specific
disorders through massaging of the soles of
the feet.
 4. Acupressure Acupressure uses the same
technique as that of acupuncture. The only
difference is that acupressure does not use
needles but hands to apply pressure on
certain points of the body.
 5. Nutrition Therapy Nutrition therapy
approaches treatment of a medical condition
by providing a tailored diet for the patient.