FutureBuild2015 - Talk 2 | Creative workplaces and recent future intelligent buildings | Professor Derek Clements Croombe

1. Some Intelligent Liveable
Buildings Perspectives
Professor Derek Clements-Croome
School of Construction Management and Engineering
The University of Reading—Future Build—June 25 2015
www.derekcroome.com
d.j.clements-croome@reading.ac.uk

2. www.derekcroome.com

3. MY BRIEF TALK TONIGHT WILL
FEATURE TWO ASPECTS
Creative Workplaces
Recent and Future
Intelligent Buildings

4. Intelligent Buildings for Better Health,
Well-Being and Productivity
2014 EU Report
World Green Building Council Report 2014
Health, Well-being and Productivity in
Offices
Putting People First 2015
BCO Briefing Paper

5. Environmental Design
Affects
Well-Being of People

6. Maslow’s Hierarchy of
Needs in the Workplace
Need
Physiological
Safety
Social
Esteem
Self-actualisation
Achieved by
Good working conditions, attractive salary,
subsidised housing, free catering
Private health care, pension, safe working
conditions, job security.
Good relationships, team spirit, company
sports, office parties, informal activities,
open communication.
Regular positive feedback, prestige job titles,
write-up in company news sheets, promotion
and reward.
Challenging job, discretion over work
activity, promotion on opportunities,
encouraging creativity, autonomy and
responsibilitySource: (MASLOW 1943)

7. MAT model of Behaviour
( Fogg 2008 )
 Behaviour=Motivation x Ability x Opportunity
 When mind concentrating and focussed the
Behaviour is effectively Performance
 Facilities and support systems afford
opportunity
 Healthy sensory environments help motivation

8. Amanda Levete (architect)
To live in a great space inspires
you and lights your spirit. The
environment in which you live and
work has a tremendous capacity
to change your mood and affect
the way you live your life. Space,
volume and natural light are vital
for good living.
Levete, A, Architecture at Future Systems, To live in a great space that inspires you, Financial Times, 16.02.08

9. Good Health and Well-Being
Lead to Increased Productivity
 Occupants want an enjoyable
experience in their workplace not just
a functional one
 Workplaces need to be kind to
people’s health, mood and well-being
 This leads to happier and more
creative and productive people

10. Happiness and Well-Being
 UK All-Party Parliamentary Group (APPG)
issued Well-being Economics Report 2014
in respect of Labour Market; Planning and
Transport; Mindfulness in Health and
Education; Arts and Culture
 World Happiness Report 2013 edited by
Helliwell (Vancouver School Economics),
Layard (LSE), Sachs (Columbia University)

12. PRESENTEEISM
 60% of office workers say if they felt
happy and well at work they would be
more productive (BUPA/One Poll)
 For UK this means for 18m workers on an
average salary of £26,000 pa a 1% drop
in productivity equates to about £5bn and
10% would be in the order of £50 bn.
 For the total working population of 30m
these figures would be over £8bn and
£80bn respectively.

13. Building Sickness Syndrome
 Includes respiratory, eyes, nose,
throat, headaches, dry skin irritations
all of which can be aggravated by the
internal environment
 Ergonomic design of furniture
essential to reduce musculoskeletal
problems
 Greenery helps to give calmer
environments

14. Direct effects of poorly
performing environments
Lost work hours due to sickness
Inability to reach true operational potential.
Reduction in gross domestic product
Reduced company profit
A demoralised workforce
Increased Facilities Management costs
Increased staff turnover
Lack of sustainability

15. World Green Building Council
(WGBC) 2013 Report The Business
Case for Green Buildings
 Green buildings do not necessarily cost more and
appeal to tenants because they command higher rents
and sale prices.
 Operating costs lower because of reduced energy and
water use plus reduced maintenance
 Better environments affect employees and lead to higher
staff retention rates
 Workplace illnesses and hence absenteeism are
reduced ---well-being is higher than in conventionally
designed offices where high quality environments have not
always been a priority.

16. WGBC 2014 Report recognised the
need to:
• create greater public awareness of the health
impacts of buildings;
• increase the focus on better tools and
methodologies to collect data and measure healthy
impacts;
• encourage building codes to place increased
emphasis on healthier building practices.
• If we only concentrate on energy we are in danger
of neglecting the real purpose of architecture which
is to provide for people’s well-being.

17. CONDITIONS FOR A HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT
• A fresh thermal environment.
• Ventilation rates to provide clean
fresh air; good distribution and low
CO2.
• Plenty of natural lighting; no glare
• Views on Nature
• Acceptable acoustic climate.
• Minimum pollution from external
sources, including noise.

18. More recent aspects
• Spatial settings to suit various types of
working: more contemplative spaces
• Encourage active sit/stand working.
• Ergonomic workplaces that have been
designed to minimise musculoskeletal
disorders;
• Landscaped biophilic surroundings
should be part of the internal and
external space design.

19. Beyond Environmental Comfort
REFERENCES
See References in EU Report 2014 by
Clements-Croome
eg Book by Ong 2013; WGBC Report
2014

20. Beyond Environmental Comfort

21. Office workers are distracted by
phone calls, emails and text
messages. Constant interruptions
reduce productivity and leave
people tired and lethargic and less
creative.
Productivity Losses in Offices
TNS Research (Hewlett Packard)
Dr Glenn Wilson, Kings College, London in The Guardian, April 22 2005
Professor Sir Cary Cooper Daily Mail page 5 on 7 May 2015 article by Jenny Hope

22. Technology
Upsides v Downsides debate
needed
Choose and select wisely
Plan for updating
Keep simple and reliable

23. PRODUCTIVITY
Organisation
Personal Environment
Indoor climate
Workplace
IAQ
Managerial role
Organisational structure
Career Achievement
Home/Work interface
Intrinsic to job
Relationship with others
Conceptual Basis for Impact of
Environment on Productivity
Clements-Croome (2000 , 2006, 2004, 2013)
Social

24. CONCLUSIONS

25. Designers, Facilities Managers and
Executive
 Spaces for mind refreshment
 Open Communication with occupants
 Calming Features—greenery/colours/décor……
 Spaces arranged for ‘people flow and
interaction’; mingle space important.
 Flexible working office/remote/mobile
 Encourage active working—
walking/contemplation/exercise
 Make workplaces fun, joyful and soulful

26. Performance Metrics
 Economic – productivity, profitability and
predictability
 Customer satisfaction – quality of service,
overall performance, value for money
 Environment- energy, CO2 emissions,
transport, waste reduction, water usage.
 People – safety at work, sickness,
absenteeism.
 BCO Guide to Post-Occupancy Evaluation
2007
BCO Case Study: Post Occupancy Evaluation-An Occupiers Perspective April 2015

27. Metrics in WGBC 2014 Report
 Absenteeism
 Staff turnover/retention rates
 Medical complaints and costs
 Physical environment complaints
 Self reported attitudes via perception studies
 Physical environment measures
Health, Well-being and Productivity
in Offices 2014

28. BCO Briefing Paper May 2015

29. PUTTING PEOPLE FIRST
 This paper builds upon the 2014 BCO
Report --Making the Business Case for
Wellbeing.
(Clements-Croome, Aguilar and Taub 2015)

30. Is this the Future Workplace?
 Second Home in Hanbury St., London,
offices designed by Rohan Silva , Sam
Aldenton, Jose Selgas and Lucia Cano
 Features—1000 plants, furnishings, décor,
colour , light , transparency……….
 What is the secret of its success? Creative
imaginative design that seduces the
senses but is practical too?
 Office or home mind set?

34. Tree pop-up office for co-
working in Hoxton Square

36. Recent and Future
Intelligent Buildings

37. TRENDS
1980s Processes
1990s Process and
Technology
Today—
Process+Technology+People

38. Learn from Vernacular
Architecture and also
Nature blended with
Technology

39. Green Mega City: Lilypads by Vincent
Callebaut
http://www.popsci.com/futurecity/plan.html

40. These Lilypads are constructed with a titanium dioxide skin to absorb CO2

41. Green Mega City: Lilypads by Vincent
Callebaut
http://www.popsci.com/futurecity/plan.html
 Titanium Dioxide skin to absorb CO2
 2 seater electric pod cars
 Biodiesel/electric buses guided by embedded
road magnets
 Footstep energy
 Wind turbines using air movement from wind
from passing cars
 Hydrogen from an Algae Park
 Tidal power Solar energy from paint
containing solar nanoparticles

42. Green Mega City: Lilypads
by Vincent Callebaut
 Solar energy from paint containing solar
nanoparticles
 Clear water from desalination
 Robotic maintenance
 Bubble Houses
 Phase change materials give temperature regulation
 Hydroponic farms
 Plant water from sewage filtered via zebra mussels
 10 storey concrete tower with embedded
photovoltaics
 Geothermal wells for heating/cooling
http://www.popsci.com/futurecity/plan.html

43. Vertical garden cities
and buildings
EDIBLE ARCHITECTURE

44. DNA-inspired twisting
Agora Garden
underway in Taipei City
by Vincent Callebaut

49. Asian Cairns in Shenzhen
by Vincent Callebaut 2013
Six buildings on 70 acres produce their
own food and generate energy using PV
solar and axial wind turbines.
Each ‘pebble’ can be for different uses.
Orchards, vegetables and gardens are
planted within and outside the buildings

53. Nanyang Technology University
Singapore –Heatherwick Studio

54. .
To avoid creating "miles of corridors linking box-
like lecture rooms", Nanyang Technological
University was designed as a cluster of tapered
towers surrounding an expansive atrium. The
idea was to combine learning facilities with social
spaces including balconies, gardens and open-air
corridors, to encourage as many opportunities for
staff and student interactions as possible

57. Cybertecture Egg-Shaped Building
 Cybertecture New form Architecture
James Law Cybertecture Designs
Technosphere The Capital The Vasukamal
(The Fountain Head)

59. Cybertecture Egg-Shaped Building
 Indoor comfort
- “Best space to work in”
J.L. Cybertecture
- ‘Cybertecture Health’
provides
 Interactive features
Presents people’s health
statistics such as blood
pressure and weight

60. CARBON POSITIVE BUILDINGS
Artificial Leaf can generate
hydrogen

61. Hydrogen Production in Leaves

62. Artificial Leaf Mechanism
Using Sunlight and Water

63. Hydrogen Producing Façade
 A Water Wall with Artificial Leaves
Immersed Within
 Sunlight Radiates Causing Reaction
 Hydrogen Produced

64. Hydrogen Producing Artificial
Leaf Facade

65. FUTURES
 Carbon positive buildings like artificial
leaf hydrogen generating facades also
 Algae biofuel facades
 Green living facades
 Applications of biomimetics
 Smart materials for reactive
facades;embedded sensors, nanotubes ,
graphene
 Application of nanotechnologies

66. FUTURES
 Robotics for prefabrication, cleaning,
maintenance and site assembly
 Fully integrated interoperable
systems
 Buildings into smart grid system
 Wireless Sensor Technology linking
climate, building, systems and occupants
 Innovation with respect for passive low
technology
 New culture of value, systems and
holistic thinking and vision

67. Bio Intelligent Quotient building by
Arup/Splitterwerk £4.8m 3 years
129 Algae louvred tanks SE/SW facades
Algae +nutrients+CO2+sunlight
Algae harvested and processed for biogas
Also shades building
Solar heat used too
BIQ Algae Powered
Building Hamburg 2013

68. BIQ Algae Powered Building
Hamburg 2013

69. GRAPHENE
 Carbon atomic scale honeycomb lattice
 Lightest strongest and stiffest substance
known
 Can self repair
 Many applications

70. GRAPHENE LAYER

71. Changing World
 Transdisciplinary serendipity
 Choice and Autonomy
 Business Agility
 Clear Identity and Brand
 Work Life Blend
 Awareness of social and technological
changes
 Global Connectivity
 Community Interaction

72. WHAT WE CALL THE
BEGINNING IS OFTEN THE END
AND TO MAKE AN END IS TO
MAKE A BEGINNING
THE END IS WHERE WE START
FROM
T.S.ELIOT-- FOUR QUARTETS-- LITTLE GIDDING

76. WORKPLACE HEALTH IN UK
 131 m days sick absences per year costs
£15+ bn( Black and Frost 2011)
 Significant number due to physical conditions
 11.3 m days lost to mental stress costing
£26bn (OECD 2014; Stress Management
Society)
 Other sources to data are PWC; Labour
Force Survey)
 See Raconteur in the Times 24 March 2015

77. Sickness Causes and Days Lost
 Musculoskeletal 30.6 m/year
 Minor symptoms 27.4
 Other 21.7
 Stress, depression, anxiety 15.2
 Stomach 8.7
 Respiratory 5.3
 Eye ear nose throat dental 5.2
 Heart 5.0
 Headaches and migraines 1.7
 Serious Mental health 1.0

78. Building Related Satisfaction
Factors
 Jobs in which people are not tied to one
place.
 Shallow building depth, in particular with a
high proportion of window seats.
 Small workgroups
 Low occupation densities
 Good perceived control
 High management responsiveness
With reference to Bordass, 1998, Factors for Success or how to compensate for things you take away