Maritime workers are workers who are regulated internationally through the Maritime LAbour Convention (MLC) 2006 which has been ratified by the Indonesian government through Law No. 15 of 2016. In the convention regulated aspects include health care on ships and on land, social security, welfare facilities on land, access to seafarers' complaints, protection of health and safety and accident prevention. This study aims to evaluate the application of the convention so far through the gap analysis method. Gap analysis is used to get the difference between the perceptions and expectations of the respondents. Indonesian sailors who are respondents have a variety of experience both from the type of ship, position and flag of the ship so that it is considered sufficient to fill in the questionnaire that has been prepared. There are gaps in several aspects evaluated as a result of the gap analysis. As a follow up, stakeholders can use the results of this study as a decision support tool in improving the application of MLC in Indonesia, especially for Indonesian seafarers

1. 3rd ICMET 2019
Surabaya 21 November 2019 – Sheraton Hotel Surabaya
Future Challenges In The Implementation of MLC 2006: A Study On
Healthcare, Social Security Welfare of Indonesian Seafarers On Board
Ships
Imam Fahcruddin
fahrudinuin@gmail.com
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Pelayaran, Jakarta, Indonesia
Damayanto Purba
damayanto_purba@dephub.go.id
Politeknik Pelayaran, Surabaya, Indonesia
Antoni Arif Priadi
antoni.kemenhub@gmail.com
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Pelayaran, Jakarta, Indonesia
Abstract: Maritime workers are workers who are regulated internationally through the
Maritime LAbour Convention (MLC) 2006 which has been ratified by the Indonesian
government through Law No. 15 of 2016. In the convention regulated aspects include
health care on ships and on land, social security, welfare facilities on land, access to
seafarers' complaints, protection of health and safety and accident prevention. This
study aims to evaluate the application of the convention so far through the gap analysis
method. Gap analysis is used to get the difference between the perceptions and
expectations of the respondents. Indonesian sailors who are respondents have a variety
of experience both from the type of ship, position and flag of the ship so that it is
considered sufficient to fill in the questionnaire that has been prepared. There are gaps
in several aspects evaluated as a result of the gap analysis. As a follow up, stakeholders
can use the results of this study as a decision support tool in improving the application
of MLC in Indonesia, especially for Indonesian seafarers.
Key words: Maritime Labor Convention, health care, social security, welfare facilities, access to
seafarers' complaints, health protection

2. 3rd ICMET 2019
Surabaya 21 November 2019 – Sheraton Hotel Surabaya
The Maritime Labour Convention 2006 (MLC) is an international agreement of the
International Labour Organisation (‘ILO’) which sets out seafarers’ rights to decent
conditions of work. As of January 2019, a total of 90 countries had ratified the MLC
2006, which has resulted in more than 91% of the world’s shipping fleet being
regulated. The convention consists of the sixteen articles containing general provisions
as well as the Code. The Code consists of five Titles in which specific provisions are
grouped by standard (Zhang & Phillips, 2016; Zhang & Zhao, 2014, 2015, 2017; Zhao et
al., 2017):
Title 1: Minimum requirements for seafarers to work on a ship
Title 2: Conditions of employment
Title 3: Accommodation, recreational facilities, food and catering
Title 4: Health protection, medical care, welfare and social security protection
Title 5: Compliance and enforcement
For Each Title, there are general Regulations, which are further specified in mandatory
Standards as well as Guidelines. Guidelines generally form a form of implementation of
a Regulation according to the requirements, but States are free to have different
implementation measures. Regulations and Standards should in principle be
implemented fully, but a country can implement a "substantially equivalent" regulation,
which it should declare upon ratification.
Some seafarers criticize the convention, saying that it lacks teeth, does not address real
issues, and skirts important seafarer needs such as decent sized cabins, cupboards in
cabins, shore leave, and rest hours by including them into Guidelines of the convention
or worse, by not addressing them at all (Jennifer, 2006).
In Indonesia, the regulation on maritime affairs is generally regulated in Government
Regulation No. 7 of 2000 concerning Maritime Affairs. In 2016, the Indonesian
government approved regulations No. 15 of 2016 concerning the Implementation of the
Maritime Labor Convention, 2006. The enactment of the MLC into Indonesian regulation,
resulted in all provisions of this convention being enforced in Indonesia.
There is a lot of research on seafarers, covering the field of maritime education (Abila &
Tang, 2014; Acomi, 2014; Adăscăliţei, 2014a, 2014b, Fan, Fei, Schriever, & Fan, 2017b,
2017a; Featherstone, 2015), maritime (Boockmann, 2010; Branten & Purju, 2014),
maritime transport (Gagatsi, Giannopoulos, Aifantopoulou, & Charalampous, 2017),
seaferers (Chen & Shan, 2017), MLC (Østermark Jensen & Leth, 2013, Wu & Jeng, 2012).
This article examines how seafarers' perceptions and expectations are related to the
implementation of MLC in Indonesia, especially in the aspects of health care, social
security and welfare on board.
Main Section Heading
Perception is a process that starts from the utilization of the human senses, from sight,
hearing and others to the formation of responses that occur within the individual so
that the individual is aware of everything in the environment through the senses he has.
The expectations reflect individual perceptions of the ability to clearly define goals, to
take the initiative and to retain the motivation to use strategies, and to develop specific
strategies to achieve those goals [Snyder, 1994]. The expextation is something that can
be formed and can be used as a step for change. Profitable changes can cause the