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Idiomi, lecture 07, 12 13
The document discusses variations that exist in fixed expressions and idioms (FEIs). Around 40% of FEIs have lexical variations and 14% have two or more variations. Variations can occur in the verb, noun, adjective, particle, conjunction, or through specificity/amplification and truncation. There are also variations between British and American English FEIs. While some variation is expected in FEIs, especially metaphorical ones, the degree of variation challenges the assumption that FEIs have fixed forms.
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Este documento resume varias fotografías tomadas con diferentes configuraciones de la cámara bajo diversas condiciones de iluminación, incluyendo luz de lámpara halógena, luz diurna nublada, luz de lámpara de dormitorio, luz anaranjada nocturna con sensor y luz de bombilla de bajo consumo. Para cada fotografía se proporciona la configuración de ISO, apertura y velocidad de obturación utilizada.
Lr
This document discusses various translation techniques including:
1. Direct translation which can be literal translation, linguistic borrowing, or calque. Calque includes expression, structural, lexical, ortographic, and typographic calques.
2. Indirect translation techniques including transposition, modulation, equivalence, adaptation, addition or amplification, and reduction or omission.
3. The author's own challenges of translation which are respecting context, collecting topic information, finding correct references, and ensuring correct grammar, spelling, and avoiding false friends.
Measures of Productivity and Lexical Diversity: Suffixation (c.1150–1350)
Measures of Productivity and Lexical Diversity: Suffixation (c.1150–1350) VARIENG, University of Helsinki
Measures of Productivity and Lexical Diversity: Suffixation (c.1150–1350) - The development of abstract noun derivations in different regions and text types (c.1150–1700).
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Change and variation_ppt
This document summarizes the findings of a study that compared language data collected in the American Southeast in 1930 to data collected in 1990 to analyze lexical changes over that 60-year period. The study looked at names for 150 things and found that regional differences were once the most influential factor in word choice but are now the least important, while males, whites, older speakers, and rural dwellers use older terms and educated speakers use newer terms. Of the 670 words tested, 145 had declined in use while 87 had become more common, and the vocabulary increased by 40%. Rural/urban speech differences remain strong. Language change occurs at different rates in different social groups and vocabulary is constantly evolving.
Ipad!!
iPads were invented by Steve Jobs to provide a new mobile device that was more interesting and engaging than traditional computers. The document discusses that iPads were created because people were bored with computers and Steve Jobs wanted to develop something novel that people would enjoy using. It also notes that iPads come in different styles.
Stylistic lexicology
This document discusses the stylistic classification of words in the English vocabulary. It is divided into three main layers: the literary layer, neutral layer, and colloquial layer. The literary layer contains terms, poetic words, archaic words, and foreignisms. These words are stable and used in written speech. The colloquial layer contains slang, dialects, vulgarisms and unstable words used in spoken communication. Most of the English vocabulary is made up of neutral words that can be used across both literary and colloquial styles. Synonyms differ in their emotional and social connotations. Words can transition between these layers over time.
Lexical change
This document discusses various types of lexical change in language, including borrowing, acronyms, blends, derivational compounding, reduplicative rhyming, abbreviations, analogy, verb plus particle constructions, productivity, and taboo/euphemism. Some examples provided include calques, acronyms like scuba and laser, blends like mockney and cosmeceutical, compounding suffixes like -athon and -gate, reduplicative rhyming words like ding-dong, and euphemisms used instead of taboo words like "honey-eater" instead of "bear".
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Idiomi, lecture 07, 12 13
The document discusses variations that exist in fixed expressions and idioms (FEIs). Around 40% of FEIs have lexical variations and 14% have two or more variations. Variations can occur in the verb, noun, adjective, particle, conjunction, or through specificity/amplification and truncation. There are also variations between British and American English FEIs. While some variation is expected in FEIs, especially metaphorical ones, the degree of variation challenges the assumption that FEIs have fixed forms.
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Este documento resume varias fotografías tomadas con diferentes configuraciones de la cámara bajo diversas condiciones de iluminación, incluyendo luz de lámpara halógena, luz diurna nublada, luz de lámpara de dormitorio, luz anaranjada nocturna con sensor y luz de bombilla de bajo consumo. Para cada fotografía se proporciona la configuración de ISO, apertura y velocidad de obturación utilizada.
Lr
This document discusses various translation techniques including:
1. Direct translation which can be literal translation, linguistic borrowing, or calque. Calque includes expression, structural, lexical, ortographic, and typographic calques.
2. Indirect translation techniques including transposition, modulation, equivalence, adaptation, addition or amplification, and reduction or omission.
3. The author's own challenges of translation which are respecting context, collecting topic information, finding correct references, and ensuring correct grammar, spelling, and avoiding false friends.
Measures of Productivity and Lexical Diversity: Suffixation (c.1150–1350)
Measures of Productivity and Lexical Diversity: Suffixation (c.1150–1350) VARIENG, University of Helsinki
Measures of Productivity and Lexical Diversity: Suffixation (c.1150–1350) - The development of abstract noun derivations in different regions and text types (c.1150–1700).
Anne Gardner
Change and variation_ppt
This document summarizes the findings of a study that compared language data collected in the American Southeast in 1930 to data collected in 1990 to analyze lexical changes over that 60-year period. The study looked at names for 150 things and found that regional differences were once the most influential factor in word choice but are now the least important, while males, whites, older speakers, and rural dwellers use older terms and educated speakers use newer terms. Of the 670 words tested, 145 had declined in use while 87 had become more common, and the vocabulary increased by 40%. Rural/urban speech differences remain strong. Language change occurs at different rates in different social groups and vocabulary is constantly evolving.
Ipad!!
iPads were invented by Steve Jobs to provide a new mobile device that was more interesting and engaging than traditional computers. The document discusses that iPads were created because people were bored with computers and Steve Jobs wanted to develop something novel that people would enjoy using. It also notes that iPads come in different styles.
Stylistic lexicology
This document discusses the stylistic classification of words in the English vocabulary. It is divided into three main layers: the literary layer, neutral layer, and colloquial layer. The literary layer contains terms, poetic words, archaic words, and foreignisms. These words are stable and used in written speech. The colloquial layer contains slang, dialects, vulgarisms and unstable words used in spoken communication. Most of the English vocabulary is made up of neutral words that can be used across both literary and colloquial styles. Synonyms differ in their emotional and social connotations. Words can transition between these layers over time.
Lexical change
This document discusses various types of lexical change in language, including borrowing, acronyms, blends, derivational compounding, reduplicative rhyming, abbreviations, analogy, verb plus particle constructions, productivity, and taboo/euphemism. Some examples provided include calques, acronyms like scuba and laser, blends like mockney and cosmeceutical, compounding suffixes like -athon and -gate, reduplicative rhyming words like ding-dong, and euphemisms used instead of taboo words like "honey-eater" instead of "bear".
Lexical variation
This document discusses lexical variation in language and how languages change over time. It provides an example of lexical variation, noting that it is using a linguistic element instead of another without changing the meaning. The document then discusses three main aspects of how language changes over time: vocabulary, sentence structure, and pronunciations. It provides an example of how the word "pea" developed a plural form over hundreds of years. The document also discusses regional dialects and differences in past tense formations between languages and dialects. It notes that linguistic changes occur when a new form used by a subgroup is adopted more widely as a norm.
Instructional methods pp
This document discusses four instructional methods - centers, community circles, debates, and dramatic activities. It provides examples of how each method could be implemented in a classroom. Centers allow students to work independently or in small groups on assigned activities, like sorting pictures into digraph groups. Community circles help students get to know each other by answering "About Me" questions. Debates engage students in researching and discussing topics, such as school uniforms. Dramatic activities make lessons more interactive, for example by having first graders role play different community jobs. The document emphasizes that these methods help address different learning needs and styles.
Language based approach
This document discusses using literature in language learning and describes two main approaches: a language-based approach and using literature as content. It focuses on the language-based approach and stylistic analysis. With this approach, literary texts are analyzed closely to understand how linguistic features convey meaning and help students interpret the text. Stylistic analysis uses familiar grammatical terms and procedures to help students appreciate literature and expand their language knowledge. The document provides steps for identifying linguistic features in a text and developing questions to help students analyze and understand the text based on those features.
Phonology
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The document outlines the differences between stylistics and practical criticism as literary approaches. Stylistics involves analyzing the language used in a text to arrive at an objective view, looking at elements like sentence structure and grammar. Practical criticism focuses on analyzing the literary devices used in a text, viewing the work as a self-contained piece of art. Both approaches can provide useful insights but also have limitations when used alone.
Introduction to Linguistic_ General Review
this presentation explain about what are Language and Linguistic, what are element of language, what are general linguistic. this presentation from Mr. Nando Saragih, he is a lecturer faculty of letter ion University of Papua
Lexical approach Presentation
The lexical approach focuses on teaching language as fixed expressions and chunks that occur frequently, rather than as single words. Students are thought to learn grammar patterns and vocabulary more effectively by perceiving language this way. Key aspects of this approach include teaching collocations, idioms, social greetings, and other combinations of words that commonly go together, as well as having students accumulate and store chunks in a lexical notebook. However, the lexical approach lacks a detailed learning theory and full characterization as an approach.
Stylistics - Norm and Deviation.
This document provides an overview of norm and deviation in stylistics. It discusses how deviation occurs when something departs from an established norm or convention. Deviations can happen at various linguistic levels, such as phonological, syntactic, or semantic levels. The document also categorizes different types of deviations, such as discourse deviation, semantic deviation, lexical deviation, and morphological deviation. It explains norms as regulators that control linguistic variants and how norms allow for flexible fluctuations in language.
Phonetics & phonology, INTRODUCTION, Dr, Salama Embarak
This document provides information about a Phonetics and Phonology course being offered on Saturdays from 12-15 in Room 44. The course facilitator is Dr. Salama Embark and will cover topics like consonants, vowels, phonology, and the production of speech sounds over 14 lectures. Key readings include books by Peter Roach, Peter Ladefoged, and Susan Cameron. Phonetics is the study of speech sounds and their production, while phonology examines how sounds pattern and function in languages.
Lexical Relations in Semantic
SEMANTIC, LEXICAL RELATIONS, COMPONENTIAL ANALYSIS
by AYU MONITA and ABILL WIMANDA
UDINUS INDONESIA
STYLISTIC ANALYSIS OF Emily Dickinson
This poem describes a dialogue between two people who have died, one for beauty and one for truth. They find themselves buried in adjoining rooms and have a conversation through the wall between their tombs. They realize that beauty and truth are ultimately one and the same. As moss grows over their lips, their names are covered and they can no longer speak.
The rules of phonology
Phonological rules are part of a speaker's knowledge of their language. They describe predictable changes in sounds and allow for more concise representations. Some key rules discussed include assimilation rules, which make sounds more similar to neighbors; vowel nasalization before nasal consonants; addition of features like aspiration; deletion or insertion of segments; and metathesis, or reordering of sounds. Phonological rules function to derive the phonetic form from an underlying phonemic representation. Speech errors provide evidence that these rules operate in language production.
Lexical Approach
The lexical approach is a language teaching method published in 1993 that focuses on developing learner proficiency with lexis (words and phrases). It views lexis as the central component of language, rather than grammar or other elements. The approach involves teaching lexical chunks, collocations, and other multi-word units. The teacher's role is to help learners notice patterns in language and discover knowledge independently. While it lacks a fully developed learning theory, the lexical approach provides an alternative to traditional grammar-focused methods.
Discourse Analysis (Linguistic 101)
Discourse is a set of utterances that constitute a recognizable speech event such as a conversation, joke, sermon, or interview. Discourse analysis attempts to discover linguistic regularities in discourse using grammatical, phonological, and semantic criteria to interpret what a speaker or writer intends to convey within a social context. There are various tools and devices used for discourse analysis, including cohesion, coherence, parallelism, speech events, background knowledge, and conversational interaction principles.
Language variation
Here are the key points about pidgins and creoles:
- Pidgins develop as a means of communication between groups that don't share a common language. They are simplified linguistic systems.
- Creoles develop when pidgins are passed down to children and become their native language. Creoles are more fully developed systems compared to pidgins.
- Pidgins borrow features from the languages in contact, like vocabulary and word order. They simplify phonology and morphology.
- Creolization occurs when a pidgin becomes the native language of a community and takes on richer linguistic properties through natural language acquisition by children.
Stylistics introduction, Definitions of Stylistics
This document defines stylistics and discusses its branches. Stylistics is the analysis of linguistic variation in actual language use. It examines how the same content can be expressed differently and analyzes styles across texts. Stylistics considers the natural properties of language that ensure intended effects. The document also distinguishes between spoken and written language at the phonetic, lexical, and syntactic levels, and categorizes words as common, formal, technical, and slang.
Cpu ppt cse
The CPU is the central processing unit of a computer that carries out instructions to perform basic arithmetic, logical, and input/output operations. It acts as the brain of the computer. Early CPUs were custom-designed for specific applications but are now mass-produced. The CPU consists of a control unit, arithmetic logic unit, registers, and communicates with memory and peripheral devices. It reads instructions from memory and directs the flow of data between different components.
Phonology Introduction
Phonology is the study of sound systems in languages. It has four branches: segmental phonology which analyzes speech into discrete segments like phonemes; suprasegmental phonology which analyzes features over multiple segments like intonation and stress; diachronic phonology which studies sound patterns through a language's history; and synchronic phonology which studies sound patterns regardless of historical change. Phonology also examines phones which are minimal speech units, phonemes which are distinctive minimal units, and allophones which are variants of phonemes that occur in different phonetic environments. A syllable contains a sonority peak like a vowel with optional onset and coda consonants. Syllable structure and distinctive features are also
Cpu presentation
The document discusses the CPU (central processing unit), which is the brain of the computer that carries out instructions. It describes the parts of the CPU including the socket and cooling assembly. The summary provides step-by-step instructions for removing an old CPU, installing a new CPU, applying thermal compound, and securing the cooling assembly.
Phonology -- The Sound Patterns of Language Made Easy
1) Phonology is the study of speech sounds and how they are organized in languages. It examines units of sound like phonemes, morphemes, and their patterns.
2) Speech sounds can be classified as either consonants or vowels. Consonants involve restricting air flow while vowels allow free flow of air to create different sounds.
3) The relationship between phonemic representations of words and their phonetic pronunciations is governed by rules of phonology. These rules include assimilation, dissimilation, and epenthesis.
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Lexical variation
This document discusses lexical variation in language and how languages change over time. It provides an example of lexical variation, noting that it is using a linguistic element instead of another without changing the meaning. The document then discusses three main aspects of how language changes over time: vocabulary, sentence structure, and pronunciations. It provides an example of how the word "pea" developed a plural form over hundreds of years. The document also discusses regional dialects and differences in past tense formations between languages and dialects. It notes that linguistic changes occur when a new form used by a subgroup is adopted more widely as a norm.
Instructional methods pp
This document discusses four instructional methods - centers, community circles, debates, and dramatic activities. It provides examples of how each method could be implemented in a classroom. Centers allow students to work independently or in small groups on assigned activities, like sorting pictures into digraph groups. Community circles help students get to know each other by answering "About Me" questions. Debates engage students in researching and discussing topics, such as school uniforms. Dramatic activities make lessons more interactive, for example by having first graders role play different community jobs. The document emphasizes that these methods help address different learning needs and styles.
Language based approach
This document discusses using literature in language learning and describes two main approaches: a language-based approach and using literature as content. It focuses on the language-based approach and stylistic analysis. With this approach, literary texts are analyzed closely to understand how linguistic features convey meaning and help students interpret the text. Stylistic analysis uses familiar grammatical terms and procedures to help students appreciate literature and expand their language knowledge. The document provides steps for identifying linguistic features in a text and developing questions to help students analyze and understand the text based on those features.
Phonology
Part of a lecture series on English Language Pedagogy for Vietnamese in-service English language teachers, 14 October 2014 @ UCSI International School, Port Dickson MY.
A2 English Literature & Language - Practical & Stylistics
The document outlines the differences between stylistics and practical criticism as literary approaches. Stylistics involves analyzing the language used in a text to arrive at an objective view, looking at elements like sentence structure and grammar. Practical criticism focuses on analyzing the literary devices used in a text, viewing the work as a self-contained piece of art. Both approaches can provide useful insights but also have limitations when used alone.
Introduction to Linguistic_ General Review
this presentation explain about what are Language and Linguistic, what are element of language, what are general linguistic. this presentation from Mr. Nando Saragih, he is a lecturer faculty of letter ion University of Papua
Lexical approach Presentation
The lexical approach focuses on teaching language as fixed expressions and chunks that occur frequently, rather than as single words. Students are thought to learn grammar patterns and vocabulary more effectively by perceiving language this way. Key aspects of this approach include teaching collocations, idioms, social greetings, and other combinations of words that commonly go together, as well as having students accumulate and store chunks in a lexical notebook. However, the lexical approach lacks a detailed learning theory and full characterization as an approach.
Stylistics - Norm and Deviation.
This document provides an overview of norm and deviation in stylistics. It discusses how deviation occurs when something departs from an established norm or convention. Deviations can happen at various linguistic levels, such as phonological, syntactic, or semantic levels. The document also categorizes different types of deviations, such as discourse deviation, semantic deviation, lexical deviation, and morphological deviation. It explains norms as regulators that control linguistic variants and how norms allow for flexible fluctuations in language.
Phonetics & phonology, INTRODUCTION, Dr, Salama Embarak
This document provides information about a Phonetics and Phonology course being offered on Saturdays from 12-15 in Room 44. The course facilitator is Dr. Salama Embark and will cover topics like consonants, vowels, phonology, and the production of speech sounds over 14 lectures. Key readings include books by Peter Roach, Peter Ladefoged, and Susan Cameron. Phonetics is the study of speech sounds and their production, while phonology examines how sounds pattern and function in languages.
Lexical Relations in Semantic
SEMANTIC, LEXICAL RELATIONS, COMPONENTIAL ANALYSIS
by AYU MONITA and ABILL WIMANDA
UDINUS INDONESIA
STYLISTIC ANALYSIS OF Emily Dickinson
This poem describes a dialogue between two people who have died, one for beauty and one for truth. They find themselves buried in adjoining rooms and have a conversation through the wall between their tombs. They realize that beauty and truth are ultimately one and the same. As moss grows over their lips, their names are covered and they can no longer speak.
The rules of phonology
Phonological rules are part of a speaker's knowledge of their language. They describe predictable changes in sounds and allow for more concise representations. Some key rules discussed include assimilation rules, which make sounds more similar to neighbors; vowel nasalization before nasal consonants; addition of features like aspiration; deletion or insertion of segments; and metathesis, or reordering of sounds. Phonological rules function to derive the phonetic form from an underlying phonemic representation. Speech errors provide evidence that these rules operate in language production.
Lexical Approach
The lexical approach is a language teaching method published in 1993 that focuses on developing learner proficiency with lexis (words and phrases). It views lexis as the central component of language, rather than grammar or other elements. The approach involves teaching lexical chunks, collocations, and other multi-word units. The teacher's role is to help learners notice patterns in language and discover knowledge independently. While it lacks a fully developed learning theory, the lexical approach provides an alternative to traditional grammar-focused methods.
Discourse Analysis (Linguistic 101)
Discourse is a set of utterances that constitute a recognizable speech event such as a conversation, joke, sermon, or interview. Discourse analysis attempts to discover linguistic regularities in discourse using grammatical, phonological, and semantic criteria to interpret what a speaker or writer intends to convey within a social context. There are various tools and devices used for discourse analysis, including cohesion, coherence, parallelism, speech events, background knowledge, and conversational interaction principles.
Language variation
Here are the key points about pidgins and creoles:
- Pidgins develop as a means of communication between groups that don't share a common language. They are simplified linguistic systems.
- Creoles develop when pidgins are passed down to children and become their native language. Creoles are more fully developed systems compared to pidgins.
- Pidgins borrow features from the languages in contact, like vocabulary and word order. They simplify phonology and morphology.
- Creolization occurs when a pidgin becomes the native language of a community and takes on richer linguistic properties through natural language acquisition by children.
Stylistics introduction, Definitions of Stylistics
This document defines stylistics and discusses its branches. Stylistics is the analysis of linguistic variation in actual language use. It examines how the same content can be expressed differently and analyzes styles across texts. Stylistics considers the natural properties of language that ensure intended effects. The document also distinguishes between spoken and written language at the phonetic, lexical, and syntactic levels, and categorizes words as common, formal, technical, and slang.
Cpu ppt cse
The CPU is the central processing unit of a computer that carries out instructions to perform basic arithmetic, logical, and input/output operations. It acts as the brain of the computer. Early CPUs were custom-designed for specific applications but are now mass-produced. The CPU consists of a control unit, arithmetic logic unit, registers, and communicates with memory and peripheral devices. It reads instructions from memory and directs the flow of data between different components.
Phonology Introduction
Phonology is the study of sound systems in languages. It has four branches: segmental phonology which analyzes speech into discrete segments like phonemes; suprasegmental phonology which analyzes features over multiple segments like intonation and stress; diachronic phonology which studies sound patterns through a language's history; and synchronic phonology which studies sound patterns regardless of historical change. Phonology also examines phones which are minimal speech units, phonemes which are distinctive minimal units, and allophones which are variants of phonemes that occur in different phonetic environments. A syllable contains a sonority peak like a vowel with optional onset and coda consonants. Syllable structure and distinctive features are also
Cpu presentation
The document discusses the CPU (central processing unit), which is the brain of the computer that carries out instructions. It describes the parts of the CPU including the socket and cooling assembly. The summary provides step-by-step instructions for removing an old CPU, installing a new CPU, applying thermal compound, and securing the cooling assembly.
Phonology -- The Sound Patterns of Language Made Easy
1) Phonology is the study of speech sounds and how they are organized in languages. It examines units of sound like phonemes, morphemes, and their patterns.
2) Speech sounds can be classified as either consonants or vowels. Consonants involve restricting air flow while vowels allow free flow of air to create different sounds.
3) The relationship between phonemic representations of words and their phonetic pronunciations is governed by rules of phonology. These rules include assimilation, dissimilation, and epenthesis.
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