This document discusses the key characteristics of fungi and bacteria. It notes that fungi are eukaryotic, have cell membranes containing sterols, and cell walls composed of glucans, mannans, and chitin. Fungi can be decomposers and produce both sexual and asexual reproductive spores. The document contrasts fungi and bacterial characteristics and discusses fungal morphology, types of hyphae and reproduction. It also summarizes methods for identifying fungi based on spore and colony examination, biochemical profiling, and detecting dimorphism.

1. By
Dr. Jawad Nazir
Department Of Microbiology
University OfVeterinary And Animal Sciences, Lahore

2. Eukaryotes
Aerobic or facultative anaerobic
Chemohetrotrophic
Most are decomposers
Mycology is the study of fungi

3. Characteristics Fungi Bacteria
Cell type Eukaryotic Prokaryotic
Cell membrane Sterols present Sterols absent
Cell wall Glucans;mannas;chitin (not
polypeptide)
Peptidoglycan
Spores Produce a variety of sexual
and asexual reproductive
spores
Endospores (not for
reproduction) some asexual
reproductive spores
Metabolism Limited to
hetrotrophic;aerobic,
facultative anaerobic
Hetrotrophic,
chemoautotrophic,
photoautotrophic, aerobic,
facultative anaerobic,
anaerobic
Sensitivity to antibiotics Often sensitive to polyenes,
imida zoles and griseofulvin
Often sensitive to
pencilline,tetracyclines and
aminoglycosidase

4. Unicellular fungi
Fission yeasts divide
symmetrically
Budding yeasts divide
asymmetrically
The fungi

5. The fungi thallus consists of hyphae; a mass
of hyphae is a mycelium
The fungi

6.  Septate
 Coenocytic
 Vegatative
 Arial or reproductive
pseudohyphae
The fungi

7. Pathogenic dimorphic
fungi are yeasts like at 37C
and mold like at 28C
CO2 concentration effects
mucor rouxii growth
 yeast like on surface
 mold like deep inside
The fungi

8. Asexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction
Fugal spore
asexual spore
sexual spore

9.  Conidiospor (conidium)
• Arthrospore
Blastoconidia
Chlamidoconidia
Sporangiospore (Sac)
The fungi

10.  Three phases
The fungi
Plasmogamy Haploid donor cell nucleus (+) penetrates the cytoplasm of
recipient cell (-)
Karyogamy + and – nuclei fuse
Meiosis Diploid nucleus produces haploid nuclei (sexual spores)

11.  Ascospore
formed in a sac
fusion of nuclei form
morphologically similar
or dissimilar
The fungi

12. The fungi

13. Telomorphs
reproduce both sexually and
asexually
Anamorphs
lost the ability to reproduce
sexually
Deutromycota (fungi imperfectii)
historically no sexual cycle has
been observed
now recognized as anamorphs
of ascomycota or basidiomycota

14. Fungi grow better in acidic media (pH:
5.00)
Almost all molds are aerobic but most
yeasts are facultative anaerobic
Most fungi are most resistant to osmotic
pressure and can grow in relatively high
sugar or salt conc.
Fungi can grow on a substance with a
very low moisture content, generally too
low to support the growth of bacteria
Fungi requires somewhat less nitrogen
than bacteria for equivalent amount of
growth
Fungi are often capable of metabolizing
complex CHO, such as lignin (a
component of wood) that most bacteria
can not use for nutrients

15. Systemic
mycoses
Deep within the body
Subcutaneou
s mycoses
Beneath the skin
Cutaneous
mycoses
Affect hair, skin, nails
Superficial
mycoses
Localized e.g hair shaft
Opportunistic
s mycoses
Caused by normal microbiota of fungi that are
normally non-pathogenic
Mycotoxicosi
s mycoses
By the ingestion of preformed mycotoxins produced
by fungi

16. Sexual spore
Examination of spore heads (asexual
spores) to detect
arrangement of conidia
type and morphology of spore
Features of hyphae
septate of coenocetic
hyaline (colorless) or dematiaceous
(pigmented)
special characters i.e spiral or
racquet shaped
Colony characters
size and appearance after
specialized incubation time
color of both obverse and reverse
side
surface elevation and depression

17. Yeasts can be differentiated by
colony appearance
size and shape of individual
cell
biochemical profile
Dimorphic of fungi
on SDA grow as yeasts at 25 C
and mold at 37 C
immunologically reactions to
detect soluble antigens
nucleic acid probes