2. CARTOGRAPHY
• Cartography is art and science of map making
• Cartography, the modern discipline of map design, compilation, and publication, is
most often associated with the paper map, a flattened representation of the curved
surface of the Earth, but it may also refer to the creation of globes, and increasingly
it refers to the use of digital computers to manage the acquisition, manipulation,
and eventual display of geographic information on the screens of computers.
• Cartography is seldom a stand-alone profession and is now seen as a skill set
possessed by geographers, geographic information scientists, or anyone else who
wishes to create a map.
3. • A map is a graphic representation of the cultural and physical environment. The
keyword here is graphic representation, as all maps are visual representations of
the phenomenon to be modeled. The second definition of a map is that it is a
reduced, selective, and symbolized graphical representation of an environment.
• The amount of information to be represented on map depends on : (i) Scale (ii)
Projection(iii) Conventional signs (iv) Skill of the draughtsman and (v) Methods of
map-making
• The framework of the map is based on the way how the graticules , i.e , the
longitudinal and latitudinal network(C) (C2) (CS)is prepared.
MAPS
4. TYPE OF MAPS
• Maps are usually drawn of show different details on a large or small scale (here
simple concept is working small scale maps shown large area whare as large
scale maps shown small area)
• The maps are classified into two different types (i) on the basis of scale (ii) on the
basis of content
6. ELEMENTS OF MAP
• Title (and subtitle):
• Border and Neatlines:
• Compas(North)
• Map Scale
• Legends(Index)
• Graticule (Latitude and longitude, Projection)
7. SCALE
• Scale is simply ratio between two point on actual ground and two points drawn
on the paper.
• The distances on the map are smaller than the corresponding distances on actual
ground. But the map always bears a definite proportion to the mapped area. The
scale indicates the proportion which a distance between two points on a map
bears to the distance between the corresponding points on the actual ground. If
for instance, an actual distance of 5 miles is represented on the map by a distance
of 1 inch, the scale is 1" =5 miles.
8. TYPE OF SCALE
• The statement scale
• The Representative Fraction (R. F.)
• Graphical Scale
(In R:F Conversion both sides of the statement are expressed in the same unit of measurement
and we can changed any scale to another one (like R:F change into statement or graphical and
vice-versa )
