The document outlines the developmental characteristics and needs of learners across different age groups, emphasizing the orderly progression of development in physical, social, emotional, and cognitive domains. It provides guidelines for observing and comparing learners from preschool to high school to understand their interests and challenges. Additionally, it encourages reflection on personal experiences and influential teachers to better inform future teaching practices.

1. first experience
under difficult or
dangerous
circumstances

2. disgrace to
his honor

3. follow
rules

4. achieve
success

5. through
good and
bad times

6. • Developmental
characteristics
• Needs
• Interests

8. Development is relatively
orderly. It follows
directional patterns such
as:
1. cephalocaudal (from
head to toe)
2. proximodistal ( from
the center of the
body then outwards)

9. proximodistal ( from the center of the body
then outwards)

10. cephalocaudal (from head to toe)

11. Development takes place
gradually.
While some changes occur in
a flash of insight, more often it
takes weeks, months, or years
for the person to undergo the
changes that result in the
display of developmental
characteristics.

12. All domains of
development and
learning – physical,
social and emotional,
and cognitive- are
important and they are
closely interrelated
(NAEYC, 2009).

14. Development proceeds
toward greater
complexity, self-
regulation, symbolic, or
representational
capabilities (NAEYC,
2009).

15. Learning Episode 2 : Learner Diversity:
Developmental Characteristics, Needs,
and Interests
Step 1 Observe 3 groups of learners from
different levels (preschool,
elementary, and high school)
2 Describe each of the learners based
on your observations.
3 Validate your observation by
interviewing the learners.
4 Compare them in terms of their
interests and needs.

16. An Observation guide for the Learners’ Characteristics
Physical
1. Observe their gross motor skills how they carry themselves, how
they move, walk, run, go up the stairs etc.
2. Are gross movements clumsy or deliberate/smooth?
3. How about their fine motor skills? Writing, drawing, etc.
Social
4. Describe how they interact with teachers and other adults.
5. Note how they also interact with peers. What do they talk
about? What are their concerns?

17. Emotional
1. Describe the emotional disposition or temperament of the
learners. (happy, sad, easily cries, mood shifts)
2. How do they express their wants/needs? Can they wait?
3. How do they handle frustrations?
4. Describe their level of confidence as shown in their behavior. Are
they self-conscious?
Cognitive
5. Describe their ability to use words to communicate their ideas.
Note their language proficiency.
6. Describe how they figure out things. Do they comprehend easily?
Look for evidence of their thinking skills.
7. Where there opportunities for problem solving? Describe how
they showed problem solving abilities.

18. Development Domain Preschooler
Indicate age range of
children observed: _____
Elementary
Indicate age range of
children observed: ____
High School
Indicate age range of
adolescents observed: __
Physical
Gross-motor skills
Fine-motor skills
Self-help skills
Others
Social
Interaction with teachers
Interaction with
classmates/friends
Interests
Others
Learners’ Development Matrix

19. Development Domain Preschooler
Indicate age range of
children observed: _____
Elementary
Indicate age range of
children observed: ____
High School
Indicate age range of
adolescents observed: __
Emotional
Moods and temperament
Expression of feelings
Emotional independence
Others
Cognitive
Communication skills
Thinking skills
Problem-solving
Others
Learners’ Development Matrix

20. Level Salient Characteristics
Observed
Implications to the
Teaching-Learning
Process
Preschool
Age range of learners observed
________
Elementary
Age range of learners observed
________
High School
Age range of learners observed
________
Salient Developmental Characteristics of the Learners Observed

21. My Reflection
1. While you were observing the learners, did you recall
your own experiences when you were their age? What
similarities or differences do you have with the learners
you observed?
2. Think of a teacher you cannot forget for positive or
negative reasons, How dis s/he help or not help you with
your needs (physical, emotional, social, and cognitive)?
How did it affect you?

22. My Favorite Theory of Human Development
Which is your favorite theory of human development? How
can this guide you as a future teacher? Clip some readings about
this theory and paste them here.