This paper uses the EEG analysis to investigate the relationship between pre-learning stress, frontal lope and long-term memory in the brain. The stress on learning stage is a challenge, especially in academic life. Stress also on learning stage affects the retrieval or recall from the memory. Nowadays; there are many recent works have discovered the relationship between stress, learning and memory performance based on different techniques. Some of these techniques are biological methods. Moreover, these methods have discovered the effect of stress based on hormones levels such as cortisol, or based on physiological effects such as blood pressure. However, these techniques have given conflicting discoveries because of the instability of hormones and an extensive number of related elements. The main aim of this research is to discover the relationship between Pre-learning stress, frontal lope, and long-term memory retrieval using EEG signals. The experimental results indicate that there is a relationship between theta rhythm in the frontal lobe and long-term memory retrieval during Pre-learning stress.
Teaching Techniques: Designing Biofeedback Nuerofeedback documentary Films to...Jacob Stotler
Teaching Techniques: Designing Biofeedback Nuerofeedback documentary Films to educate about CNS depressants. Replace CNS depressants with Nuerotherapies (Stotler, 2019)
Neurological symptoms are caused by issues in the nervous system, which consists of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system. A neurologist is a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the nervous system. They examine patients, order tests like MRI and EEG to evaluate the nervous system, diagnose conditions, develop treatment plans, and monitor patient progress. Some neurologists specialize in areas like headaches, tumors, development issues, or vascular disorders of the brain.
A method for detection and reduction of stress using EEGIRJET Journal
This document proposes a method to detect stress using EEG signals and then introduce techniques to reduce stress. EEG signals would be used to measure brain activity and voltage fluctuations. A k-means clustering algorithm would classify subjects into stress level categories based on their EEG data. This detection method could then be used to develop products to reduce human stress over time by providing targeted recommendations. The goal is to help reduce the time and effort needed to determine effective stress management solutions.
Professor Jane Burridge leads a research group that aims to understand mechanisms of recovery following stroke and uses this knowledge to design rehabilitation technologies. Her research focuses on developing technologies like wearable sensors, brain stimulation, and functional electrical stimulation to measure movement and promote neuroplasticity. She conducts studies on topics like intensity of exercise in stroke recovery and links between trunk control and arm function. Her goal is to translate findings into cost-effective home-based therapies to improve outcomes for people with conditions like stroke and spinal cord injury.
Dirigiendose a sintomas neuropsiq post tecinesariaspaz
This document discusses traumatic brain injury (TBI) and the neuropsychiatric disturbances that often accompany it. It notes that cognitive, emotional, behavioral and sensorimotor disturbances are the principal clinical manifestations of TBI throughout the early post-injury period and present challenges for rehabilitation. The document reviews clinical case definitions of TBI, differential diagnoses of event-related neuropsychiatric disturbances, and heterogeneity within the diagnostic category of TBI. It proposes a framework of post-traumatic encephalopathy to understand neuropsychiatric sequelae during rehabilitation and considers approaches to evaluation and treatment.
This document summarizes a study investigating the efficacy of stimulating acupuncture points known as Jing-Well points. The study reviewed 35 studies published between 2001-2012 focusing on the clinical applications and mechanisms of Jing-Well point stimulation. The evidence found that stimulating various Jing-Well points can effectively treat conditions such as stroke, persistent vegetative state, respiratory infections, gynecological issues, and more. However, the authors call for more high-quality randomized controlled trials to improve the level of evidence regarding their effectiveness and safety.
Effect and maintenance of "EEG-biofeedback rTMS" on mood and working memory ...Amin Asadollahpour Kargar
This is a proposal presented in the 1st IBRO/APRC Iranian Associate School of Cognitive Neuroscience “Functional Human Brain Mapping”, Tehran, Iran, May 22-28, 2015
aimed:
1. To evaluate the effect of EEG-biofeedback rTMS on Mood in major depressed patients compare to EEG biofeedback and rTMS
2. To evaluate the maintenance of EEG-biofeedback rTMS on working memory in major depressed patients compare to EEG biofeedback and rTMS
Interventions to Improve Cognitive Functioning After TBILoki Stormbringer
This document discusses interventions to improve cognitive functioning after traumatic brain injury (TBI). It begins by introducing a case study of a veteran experiencing cognitive issues after multiple blast exposures during deployment. It then provides an overview of TBI, noting that while injuries are acute, cognitive deficits can persist chronically and impact individuals, families, and society. It discusses the importance of recognizing and treating chronic cognitive dysfunction, and how a combination of physical and psychological trauma from combat experiences could result in a complex "combined combat neurotrauma syndrome." The document advocates considering multiple levels of brain functioning and integrating behavioral and pharmacological therapies to effectively improve post-TBI cognitive functioning.
Teaching Techniques: Designing Biofeedback Nuerofeedback documentary Films to...Jacob Stotler
Teaching Techniques: Designing Biofeedback Nuerofeedback documentary Films to educate about CNS depressants. Replace CNS depressants with Nuerotherapies (Stotler, 2019)
Neurological symptoms are caused by issues in the nervous system, which consists of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system. A neurologist is a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the nervous system. They examine patients, order tests like MRI and EEG to evaluate the nervous system, diagnose conditions, develop treatment plans, and monitor patient progress. Some neurologists specialize in areas like headaches, tumors, development issues, or vascular disorders of the brain.
A method for detection and reduction of stress using EEGIRJET Journal
This document proposes a method to detect stress using EEG signals and then introduce techniques to reduce stress. EEG signals would be used to measure brain activity and voltage fluctuations. A k-means clustering algorithm would classify subjects into stress level categories based on their EEG data. This detection method could then be used to develop products to reduce human stress over time by providing targeted recommendations. The goal is to help reduce the time and effort needed to determine effective stress management solutions.
Professor Jane Burridge leads a research group that aims to understand mechanisms of recovery following stroke and uses this knowledge to design rehabilitation technologies. Her research focuses on developing technologies like wearable sensors, brain stimulation, and functional electrical stimulation to measure movement and promote neuroplasticity. She conducts studies on topics like intensity of exercise in stroke recovery and links between trunk control and arm function. Her goal is to translate findings into cost-effective home-based therapies to improve outcomes for people with conditions like stroke and spinal cord injury.
Dirigiendose a sintomas neuropsiq post tecinesariaspaz
This document discusses traumatic brain injury (TBI) and the neuropsychiatric disturbances that often accompany it. It notes that cognitive, emotional, behavioral and sensorimotor disturbances are the principal clinical manifestations of TBI throughout the early post-injury period and present challenges for rehabilitation. The document reviews clinical case definitions of TBI, differential diagnoses of event-related neuropsychiatric disturbances, and heterogeneity within the diagnostic category of TBI. It proposes a framework of post-traumatic encephalopathy to understand neuropsychiatric sequelae during rehabilitation and considers approaches to evaluation and treatment.
This document summarizes a study investigating the efficacy of stimulating acupuncture points known as Jing-Well points. The study reviewed 35 studies published between 2001-2012 focusing on the clinical applications and mechanisms of Jing-Well point stimulation. The evidence found that stimulating various Jing-Well points can effectively treat conditions such as stroke, persistent vegetative state, respiratory infections, gynecological issues, and more. However, the authors call for more high-quality randomized controlled trials to improve the level of evidence regarding their effectiveness and safety.
Effect and maintenance of "EEG-biofeedback rTMS" on mood and working memory ...Amin Asadollahpour Kargar
This is a proposal presented in the 1st IBRO/APRC Iranian Associate School of Cognitive Neuroscience “Functional Human Brain Mapping”, Tehran, Iran, May 22-28, 2015
aimed:
1. To evaluate the effect of EEG-biofeedback rTMS on Mood in major depressed patients compare to EEG biofeedback and rTMS
2. To evaluate the maintenance of EEG-biofeedback rTMS on working memory in major depressed patients compare to EEG biofeedback and rTMS
Interventions to Improve Cognitive Functioning After TBILoki Stormbringer
This document discusses interventions to improve cognitive functioning after traumatic brain injury (TBI). It begins by introducing a case study of a veteran experiencing cognitive issues after multiple blast exposures during deployment. It then provides an overview of TBI, noting that while injuries are acute, cognitive deficits can persist chronically and impact individuals, families, and society. It discusses the importance of recognizing and treating chronic cognitive dysfunction, and how a combination of physical and psychological trauma from combat experiences could result in a complex "combined combat neurotrauma syndrome." The document advocates considering multiple levels of brain functioning and integrating behavioral and pharmacological therapies to effectively improve post-TBI cognitive functioning.
Machine learning-based stress classification system using wearable sensor dev...IAESIJAI
University students often become victims of high-stress levels due to the highly competitive work environment. Unmonitored stress levels in students can inflict severe physiological health problems. This work aims to build a stress classification framework using wearable sensor devices to predict mental stress levels for undergraduate engineering students. It comprises a study to collect a data set of 23 university students using wearable devices for four physiological signals, i.e., electroencephalogram (EEG), electrodermal activity (EDA), skin temperature (SKT), and heart rate (HR), when the students perform the montreal imaging stress task (MIST) for the mental workload. The machine learning models proposed in this work help classify stress into three levels: rest, moderate, and high. The models achieve a classification accuracy of 99.98% using the EEG signals’ time-frequency domain features and an accuracy of 99.51% using the EDA, HR, and SKT signals. The proposed models achieve better scores than all the previous studies on stress classification, using EEG signals and EDA, HR, and SKT signals. This study is novel since it also demonstrates the applicability and proficiency of wearable sensor devices in developing accurate stress classification models to help build real-time stress monitoring systems.
Mental Strain while Driving on a Driving-Simulator: Potential Effect on Centr...CSCJournals
This document summarizes a study that examined the effects of mental strain while driving in normal and time-constrained conditions using a driving simulator. The study measured magnetoencephalographic (MEG), autonomic nervous system (ANS), and behavioral data. Under time-constrained conditions designed to elicit high strain, participants had longer reaction times when stopping at traffic lights and increased activation in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Heart rate decreased more before traffic light changes under time constraints, suggesting increased focus on potential changes. A negative correlation was observed between ANS activity and left brain activity. The results have implications for understanding the impacts of mental strain on safety while driving.
Analysis of emotion disorders based on EEG signals ofHuman BrainIJCSEA Journal
In this research, the emotions and the patterns of EEG signals of human brain are studied. The aim of this research is to study the analysis of the changes in the brain signals in the domain of different emotions. The observations can be analysed for its utility in the diagnosis of psychosomatic disorders like anxiety and depression in economical way with higher precision.
Physical activity and nutrition are important for brain health in older adults. The document discusses measuring the effects of rehabilitation on the body through electromyography, ankle torque, and brain activity. It finds rehabilitation leads to improvement in physical function over time and supports brain plasticity, which can contribute to education. Rehabilitation measurement results show involvement in the nervous system, and rehabilitation and education issues should support people in everyday life.
The document discusses the function of memory and how stress and noradrenergic mechanisms affect memory formation and consolidation. It states that the stress response is mediated by the HPA axis and release of catecholamines, which activate pathways that stimulate long-term memory formation. However, exposure to traumatic or chronic stress can impair memory or cause memory-related disorders like PTSD. The noradrenergic system is implicated in emotional memory consolidation. Administering beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists during memory reconsolidation is a possible method for modifying intolerable memories in psychiatric patients. The paper will characterize the effects of the beta-blocker propranolol on stress-mediated memory reconsolidation.
An Evaluation of A Stroke Rehabilitation Study At Rotman Research InstituteJoanna (Yijing) Rong
This document provides an overview of the co-op placement of Joanna Rong at the Rotman Research Institute. The placement involved assisting with a stroke rehabilitation study comparing Music-Supported Rehabilitation (MSR) to Graded Repetitive Arm Supplementary Program (GRASP). Three assessment methods were used: magnetoencephalography (MEG), behavioral tests, and MRI scans. The document discusses the purpose and limitations of the assessments.
IRJET- Deep Learning Technique for Feature Classification of Eeg to Acces...IRJET Journal
This document provides a survey of research on using deep learning techniques to classify EEG signals in order to detect mental status, specifically depression. It summarizes 11 previous studies that used methods like convolutional neural networks, support vector machines, and case-based reasoning to analyze EEG features and classify subjects as depressed or healthy. Classification accuracies ranged from 81-98%. The document concludes that advances in deep learning and increased EEG data availability have led to improved detection of depression from EEG signals.
This study examined patterns of cortical activity using four different EEG testing protocols: an extended 8-minute baseline with alternating eyes open and closed, viewing a 10-minute dyadic social interaction video, and completing a personality survey. The protocols elicited different levels of activity in the alpha band and theta/beta ratio. Specifically, all protocols differed significantly in alpha activity, and the three eyes-open conditions still differed when just compared to each other. This suggests protocol design impacts EEG results and more representative real-world designs should be explored.
Psychophysiology of positive and negative emotions, dataset of 1157 cases and...Maciej Behnke
Subjective experience and physiological activity are fundamental components of emotion. There is an increasing interest in the link between experiential and physiological processes across different disciplines, e.g., psychology, economics, or computer science. However, the findings largely rely on sample sizes that have been modest at best (limiting the statistical power) and capture only some concurrent biosignals. We present a novel publicly available dataset of psychophysiological responses to positive and negative emotions that offers some improvement over other databases. This database involves recordings of 1157 cases from healthy individuals (895 individuals participated in a single session and 122 individuals in several sessions), collected across seven studies, a continuous record of selfreported affect along with several biosignals (electrocardiogram, impedance cardiogram, electrodermal activity, hemodynamic measures, e.g., blood pressure, respiration trace, and skin temperature). We experimentally elicited a wide range of positive and negative emotions, including amusement, anger, disgust, excitement, fear, gratitude, sadness, tenderness, and threat. Psychophysiology of positive and negative emotions (POPANE) database is a large and comprehensive psychophysiological dataset on elicited emotions.
This document summarizes a student research project that aims to study the effects of chronic stress on recognition memory in young adults. It provides background on chronic stress and how it can impact physical and mental health. Chronic stress is associated with increased cortisol levels and research shows cortisol can impair memory retrieval and negatively impact brain structures involved in memory like the hippocampus. The study aims to assess recognition memory performance in university students in relation to their self-reported chronic stress levels using questionnaires. It is hypothesized that students with higher chronic stress will perform more poorly on memory tasks based on previous research linking chronic stress to memory impairments. The document outlines the study methods which involve assessing chronic stress, administering a memory task, and analyzing performance between high and
fpsyg-08-01454 August 22, 2017 Time 1725 # 1REVIEWpublJeanmarieColbert3
fpsyg-08-01454 August 22, 2017 Time: 17:25 # 1
REVIEW
published: 24 August 2017
doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01454
Edited by:
Beatrice de Gelder,
Maastricht University, Netherlands
Reviewed by:
Douglas Watt,
Boston University School of Medicine,
United States
Thomas Zoëga Ramsøy,
Neurons Inc. and Singularity
University, Denmark
*Correspondence:
Aamir S. Malik
[email protected]
Specialty section:
This article was submitted to
Emotion Science,
a section of the journal
Frontiers in Psychology
Received: 29 November 2016
Accepted: 10 August 2017
Published: 24 August 2017
Citation:
Tyng CM, Amin HU, Saad MNM and
Malik AS (2017) The Influences
of Emotion on Learning and Memory.
Front. Psychol. 8:1454.
doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01454
The Influences of Emotion
on Learning and Memory
Chai M. Tyng, Hafeez U. Amin, Mohamad N. M. Saad and Aamir S. Malik*
Centre for Intelligent Signal and Imaging Research (CISIR), Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti
Teknologi Petronas, Seri Iskandar, Malaysia
Emotion has a substantial influence on the cognitive processes in humans, including
perception, attention, learning, memory, reasoning, and problem solving. Emotion has
a particularly strong influence on attention, especially modulating the selectivity of
attention as well as motivating action and behavior. This attentional and executive
control is intimately linked to learning processes, as intrinsically limited attentional
capacities are better focused on relevant information. Emotion also facilitates encoding
and helps retrieval of information efficiently. However, the effects of emotion on learning
and memory are not always univalent, as studies have reported that emotion either
enhances or impairs learning and long-term memory (LTM) retention, depending on
a range of factors. Recent neuroimaging findings have indicated that the amygdala
and prefrontal cortex cooperate with the medial temporal lobe in an integrated manner
that affords (i) the amygdala modulating memory consolidation; (ii) the prefrontal cortex
mediating memory encoding and formation; and (iii) the hippocampus for successful
learning and LTM retention. We also review the nested hierarchies of circular emotional
control and cognitive regulation (bottom-up and top-down influences) within the brain to
achieve optimal integration of emotional and cognitive processing. This review highlights
a basic evolutionary approach to emotion to understand the effects of emotion on
learning and memory and the functional roles played by various brain regions and
their mutual interactions in relation to emotional processing. We also summarize the
current state of knowledge on the impact of emotion on memory and map implications
for educational settings. In addition to elucidating the memory-enhancing effects of
emotion, neuroimaging findings extend our understanding of emotional influences on
learning and memory processes; this knowledge may be useful for the design of effectiv ...
This document summarizes research on neurofeedback efficacy for various brain disorders and conditions. It finds neurofeedback effective for ADHD, with over 60 studies showing large reductions in inattention and impulsivity. Over 30 studies show neurofeedback helps treat addictive disorders using alpha-theta protocols. Neurofeedback also helps anxiety disorders by rewarding relaxing frequencies. It is a promising new treatment for autism spectrum disorder and helps chronic fatigue syndrome, though more research is needed. Neurofeedback improves cognition in the elderly and enhances memory in healthy adults. Over 30 studies show it alleviates depression symptoms using frontal alpha asymmetry protocols.
Teaching Techniques: Neurotechnologies the way of the future (Stotler, 2019)Jacob Stotler
Presenting alternative to drugs from nuerotechnologies and teaching about clinical use of neurothreapy and therapeutic effectiveness of biological aspects of the use of clinical technologies.
Exploring students’ emotional state during a test-related task using wearabl...IJECEIAES
Using wireless sensors for brain activity, brain signals associated with the mood states of engineering students have been captured before and during the taking of a mathematics exam. The characterization of brain lobule activity related to arousal/valence states was analyzed from reports on the literature of the horizontal dimensions of pleasure-displeasure and vertical dimensions representing arousal-sleep. The results showed a direct relationship of the level of students’ arousal with the event of taking an exam as well as feelings of negative emotions during the exam presentation. The development of this research can lead to the implementation of controlled spaces for the presentation of students’ exams in which arousal/valence states can be controlled so that they do not affect their performance and the fulfillment of the goals, achievements or objectives established in a program or subject.
This document summarizes research on the physiology and neurobiology of stress and adaptation, with a focus on the central role of the brain. Key points include:
1) The brain determines what is threatening or stressful and controls physiological and behavioral responses. Beyond fight-or-flight, chronic stress can lead to "wear and tear" (allostatic load) on the body and brain.
2) Early life experiences and genetic factors influence lifelong patterns of stress responsiveness and the rate of brain and body aging.
3) Areas of the brain like the hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex undergo structural remodeling in response to stress, altering behavior and physiology.
4) Social and behavioral interventions
More advanced thinkers like Eleanor A. Maguire, a professor of Cognitive Neuroscience
at the University of London mentions in her study of taxi drivers that the hippocampus is
the seat of spatial reasoning, memory planning for the future and is located in
posterior hippocampus-the spatial processing center.
This study examined the effect of a computer game intervention on the attention capacity of 60 mentally retarded male children. The children were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group participated in 35 computer game sessions over time, while the control group received no intervention. Attention was measured before and after the intervention using the Toulouse-Pieron attention scale. Results showed the experimental group had significantly higher attention scores immediately after the intervention compared to the control group. However, 5 weeks later there was no significant difference between the groups, suggesting the attention improvements did not persist over time for these children.
Horticultural Therapy has Beneficial Effects on Brain Functions in Cerebrovascular Diseases
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110 ~
Transcendental Meditation or TM is a simple and natural meditation technique that has many benefits for both the physical and mental health of an individual. It can considerably improve brain function and energy levels while removing stress and anxiety from the mind. Certain transcendental meditation benefits for the brain have been proven by reliable studies and research reports. The following slides underline a few case studies that highlight the advantageous impact of TM on the brain.
Stress detection during job interview using physiological signalIJECEIAES
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a method for detecting stress levels during job interviews using physiological signals. The method analyzes electrocardiogram (ECG) signals collected from 10 male subjects recording video resumes and interviews. Five significant ECG features related to stress level are identified and fed into a neural network classifier called multi-layer perceptron (MLP). When tested on the video interview dataset, the proposed stress detection method achieved 92.93% accuracy in classifying stress levels.
Square transposition: an approach to the transposition process in block cipherjournalBEEI
The transposition process is needed in cryptography to create a diffusion effect on data encryption standard (DES) and advanced encryption standard (AES) algorithms as standard information security algorithms by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The problem with DES and AES algorithms is that their transposition index values form patterns and do not form random values. This condition will certainly make it easier for a cryptanalyst to look for a relationship between ciphertexts because some processes are predictable. This research designs a transposition algorithm called square transposition. Each process uses square 8 × 8 as a place to insert and retrieve 64-bits. The determination of the pairing of the input scheme and the retrieval scheme that have unequal flow is an important factor in producing a good transposition. The square transposition can generate random and non-pattern indices so that transposition can be done better than DES and AES.
Hyper-parameter optimization of convolutional neural network based on particl...journalBEEI
The document proposes using a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to optimize the hyperparameters of a convolutional neural network (CNN) for image classification. The PSO algorithm is used to find optimal values for CNN hyperparameters like the number and size of convolutional filters. In experiments on the MNIST handwritten digit dataset, the optimized CNN achieved a testing error rate of 0.87%, which is competitive with state-of-the-art models. The proposed approach finds optimized CNN architectures automatically without requiring manual design or encoding strategies during training.
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Machine learning-based stress classification system using wearable sensor dev...IAESIJAI
University students often become victims of high-stress levels due to the highly competitive work environment. Unmonitored stress levels in students can inflict severe physiological health problems. This work aims to build a stress classification framework using wearable sensor devices to predict mental stress levels for undergraduate engineering students. It comprises a study to collect a data set of 23 university students using wearable devices for four physiological signals, i.e., electroencephalogram (EEG), electrodermal activity (EDA), skin temperature (SKT), and heart rate (HR), when the students perform the montreal imaging stress task (MIST) for the mental workload. The machine learning models proposed in this work help classify stress into three levels: rest, moderate, and high. The models achieve a classification accuracy of 99.98% using the EEG signals’ time-frequency domain features and an accuracy of 99.51% using the EDA, HR, and SKT signals. The proposed models achieve better scores than all the previous studies on stress classification, using EEG signals and EDA, HR, and SKT signals. This study is novel since it also demonstrates the applicability and proficiency of wearable sensor devices in developing accurate stress classification models to help build real-time stress monitoring systems.
Mental Strain while Driving on a Driving-Simulator: Potential Effect on Centr...CSCJournals
This document summarizes a study that examined the effects of mental strain while driving in normal and time-constrained conditions using a driving simulator. The study measured magnetoencephalographic (MEG), autonomic nervous system (ANS), and behavioral data. Under time-constrained conditions designed to elicit high strain, participants had longer reaction times when stopping at traffic lights and increased activation in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Heart rate decreased more before traffic light changes under time constraints, suggesting increased focus on potential changes. A negative correlation was observed between ANS activity and left brain activity. The results have implications for understanding the impacts of mental strain on safety while driving.
Analysis of emotion disorders based on EEG signals ofHuman BrainIJCSEA Journal
In this research, the emotions and the patterns of EEG signals of human brain are studied. The aim of this research is to study the analysis of the changes in the brain signals in the domain of different emotions. The observations can be analysed for its utility in the diagnosis of psychosomatic disorders like anxiety and depression in economical way with higher precision.
Physical activity and nutrition are important for brain health in older adults. The document discusses measuring the effects of rehabilitation on the body through electromyography, ankle torque, and brain activity. It finds rehabilitation leads to improvement in physical function over time and supports brain plasticity, which can contribute to education. Rehabilitation measurement results show involvement in the nervous system, and rehabilitation and education issues should support people in everyday life.
The document discusses the function of memory and how stress and noradrenergic mechanisms affect memory formation and consolidation. It states that the stress response is mediated by the HPA axis and release of catecholamines, which activate pathways that stimulate long-term memory formation. However, exposure to traumatic or chronic stress can impair memory or cause memory-related disorders like PTSD. The noradrenergic system is implicated in emotional memory consolidation. Administering beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists during memory reconsolidation is a possible method for modifying intolerable memories in psychiatric patients. The paper will characterize the effects of the beta-blocker propranolol on stress-mediated memory reconsolidation.
An Evaluation of A Stroke Rehabilitation Study At Rotman Research InstituteJoanna (Yijing) Rong
This document provides an overview of the co-op placement of Joanna Rong at the Rotman Research Institute. The placement involved assisting with a stroke rehabilitation study comparing Music-Supported Rehabilitation (MSR) to Graded Repetitive Arm Supplementary Program (GRASP). Three assessment methods were used: magnetoencephalography (MEG), behavioral tests, and MRI scans. The document discusses the purpose and limitations of the assessments.
IRJET- Deep Learning Technique for Feature Classification of Eeg to Acces...IRJET Journal
This document provides a survey of research on using deep learning techniques to classify EEG signals in order to detect mental status, specifically depression. It summarizes 11 previous studies that used methods like convolutional neural networks, support vector machines, and case-based reasoning to analyze EEG features and classify subjects as depressed or healthy. Classification accuracies ranged from 81-98%. The document concludes that advances in deep learning and increased EEG data availability have led to improved detection of depression from EEG signals.
This study examined patterns of cortical activity using four different EEG testing protocols: an extended 8-minute baseline with alternating eyes open and closed, viewing a 10-minute dyadic social interaction video, and completing a personality survey. The protocols elicited different levels of activity in the alpha band and theta/beta ratio. Specifically, all protocols differed significantly in alpha activity, and the three eyes-open conditions still differed when just compared to each other. This suggests protocol design impacts EEG results and more representative real-world designs should be explored.
Psychophysiology of positive and negative emotions, dataset of 1157 cases and...Maciej Behnke
Subjective experience and physiological activity are fundamental components of emotion. There is an increasing interest in the link between experiential and physiological processes across different disciplines, e.g., psychology, economics, or computer science. However, the findings largely rely on sample sizes that have been modest at best (limiting the statistical power) and capture only some concurrent biosignals. We present a novel publicly available dataset of psychophysiological responses to positive and negative emotions that offers some improvement over other databases. This database involves recordings of 1157 cases from healthy individuals (895 individuals participated in a single session and 122 individuals in several sessions), collected across seven studies, a continuous record of selfreported affect along with several biosignals (electrocardiogram, impedance cardiogram, electrodermal activity, hemodynamic measures, e.g., blood pressure, respiration trace, and skin temperature). We experimentally elicited a wide range of positive and negative emotions, including amusement, anger, disgust, excitement, fear, gratitude, sadness, tenderness, and threat. Psychophysiology of positive and negative emotions (POPANE) database is a large and comprehensive psychophysiological dataset on elicited emotions.
This document summarizes a student research project that aims to study the effects of chronic stress on recognition memory in young adults. It provides background on chronic stress and how it can impact physical and mental health. Chronic stress is associated with increased cortisol levels and research shows cortisol can impair memory retrieval and negatively impact brain structures involved in memory like the hippocampus. The study aims to assess recognition memory performance in university students in relation to their self-reported chronic stress levels using questionnaires. It is hypothesized that students with higher chronic stress will perform more poorly on memory tasks based on previous research linking chronic stress to memory impairments. The document outlines the study methods which involve assessing chronic stress, administering a memory task, and analyzing performance between high and
fpsyg-08-01454 August 22, 2017 Time 1725 # 1REVIEWpublJeanmarieColbert3
fpsyg-08-01454 August 22, 2017 Time: 17:25 # 1
REVIEW
published: 24 August 2017
doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01454
Edited by:
Beatrice de Gelder,
Maastricht University, Netherlands
Reviewed by:
Douglas Watt,
Boston University School of Medicine,
United States
Thomas Zoëga Ramsøy,
Neurons Inc. and Singularity
University, Denmark
*Correspondence:
Aamir S. Malik
[email protected]
Specialty section:
This article was submitted to
Emotion Science,
a section of the journal
Frontiers in Psychology
Received: 29 November 2016
Accepted: 10 August 2017
Published: 24 August 2017
Citation:
Tyng CM, Amin HU, Saad MNM and
Malik AS (2017) The Influences
of Emotion on Learning and Memory.
Front. Psychol. 8:1454.
doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01454
The Influences of Emotion
on Learning and Memory
Chai M. Tyng, Hafeez U. Amin, Mohamad N. M. Saad and Aamir S. Malik*
Centre for Intelligent Signal and Imaging Research (CISIR), Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti
Teknologi Petronas, Seri Iskandar, Malaysia
Emotion has a substantial influence on the cognitive processes in humans, including
perception, attention, learning, memory, reasoning, and problem solving. Emotion has
a particularly strong influence on attention, especially modulating the selectivity of
attention as well as motivating action and behavior. This attentional and executive
control is intimately linked to learning processes, as intrinsically limited attentional
capacities are better focused on relevant information. Emotion also facilitates encoding
and helps retrieval of information efficiently. However, the effects of emotion on learning
and memory are not always univalent, as studies have reported that emotion either
enhances or impairs learning and long-term memory (LTM) retention, depending on
a range of factors. Recent neuroimaging findings have indicated that the amygdala
and prefrontal cortex cooperate with the medial temporal lobe in an integrated manner
that affords (i) the amygdala modulating memory consolidation; (ii) the prefrontal cortex
mediating memory encoding and formation; and (iii) the hippocampus for successful
learning and LTM retention. We also review the nested hierarchies of circular emotional
control and cognitive regulation (bottom-up and top-down influences) within the brain to
achieve optimal integration of emotional and cognitive processing. This review highlights
a basic evolutionary approach to emotion to understand the effects of emotion on
learning and memory and the functional roles played by various brain regions and
their mutual interactions in relation to emotional processing. We also summarize the
current state of knowledge on the impact of emotion on memory and map implications
for educational settings. In addition to elucidating the memory-enhancing effects of
emotion, neuroimaging findings extend our understanding of emotional influences on
learning and memory processes; this knowledge may be useful for the design of effectiv ...
This document summarizes research on neurofeedback efficacy for various brain disorders and conditions. It finds neurofeedback effective for ADHD, with over 60 studies showing large reductions in inattention and impulsivity. Over 30 studies show neurofeedback helps treat addictive disorders using alpha-theta protocols. Neurofeedback also helps anxiety disorders by rewarding relaxing frequencies. It is a promising new treatment for autism spectrum disorder and helps chronic fatigue syndrome, though more research is needed. Neurofeedback improves cognition in the elderly and enhances memory in healthy adults. Over 30 studies show it alleviates depression symptoms using frontal alpha asymmetry protocols.
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4) Social and behavioral interventions
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Horticultural Therapy has Beneficial Effects on Brain Functions in Cerebrovascular Diseases
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For more information, Please see websites below:
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Frontal lobe and long-term memory retrieval analysis during pre-learning stress using EEG signals
1. Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics
Vol. 9, No. 1, February 2020,pp. 141~145
ISSN: 2302-9285,DOI: 10.11591/eei.v9i1.1335 141
Journal homepage: http://beei.org
Frontal lobe and long-term memory retrieval analysis during
pre-learning stress using EEG signals
Omar Al Shorman1, Ahmad Al Shorman2
1
Electrical Engineering Department, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
2
Mechanical Engineering Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
Article Info ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received Sep 23, 2018
Revised Jan 7, 2019
Accepted Sep 26, 2019
This paper uses the EEG analysis to investigate the relationship between
pre-learning stress, frontal lobe and long-term memory in the brain.
The stress on learning stage is a challenge, especially in academic life.
Stress also on learning stage affects the retrieval or recall from the memory.
Nowadays; there are many recent works have discovered the relationship
between stress, learning and memory performance based on different
techniques. Some of these techniques are biological methods.
Moreover, these methods have discovered the effect of stress based on
hormones levels such as cortisol, or based on physiological effects such as
blood pressure. However, these techniques have given conflicting discoveries
because of the instability of hormones and an extensive number of related
elements. The main aim of this research is to discover the relationship
between Pre-learning stress, frontal lobe, and long-term memory retrieval
using EEG signals. The experimental results indicate that there
is a relationship between theta rhythm in the frontal lobe and long-term
memory retrieval during Pre-learning stress.
Keywords:
EEG
Frontal lobe
Long-term memory
Pre-Learning stress
This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license.
Corresponding Author:
Omar Al Shorman,
Electrical Engineering Department,
Najran University, Najran,SaudiArabia.
Email: omar2007_ahu@yahoo.com
1. INTRODUCTION
These days, there are many people in the world suffer from worry and stress through regular daily
existence. In 2008, the American Institute of Stress reported that approximately 80% of college students
normally feel stress often in their daily learning tasks and assignments. Moreover, in 2013, American College
Health Association also showed that approximately 30.7% of undergraduate college students suffer from
stress during their academic life. Importantly, these discoveries demonstrate very dangerous risk of stress.
Hazardously, chronic stress capable to hurt a hippocampus region in the brain [1, 2]. However, the effect of
stress for the human body could be physical (i.e. increasing of heart rate), emotional (i.e. anger, anxiety,
and depression), behavioral (i.e. lacking of eating and sleeping), and cognitive (i.e. learning and memory
problems) [3-5]. Consequently, stress influences the human daily activities such as managing life's tasks,
working and educational performance depending on the kind of stressors) [6]. Moreover, when the human
faces stress biochemical reactions will be secreted as a response of stressor, which includes increasing
of several body hormones’levels such as cortisol.
Stress can also influence short-term memory (STM) and long–term memory (LTM) and for all
memory stages: encoding, retention (consolidation), a nd retrieval (recall) [7-11]. Furthermore, there are many
factors interferes with studying the affection of stress on learning and memory processes which increase
2. ISSN: 2302-9285
Bulletin of Electr Eng & Inf, Vol. 9, No. 1, February 2020 : 141 – 145
142
the complexity of discovering that affection. On the other hand, the effect of stress on memory
(encoding, retention and retrieval) may be varied during the learning or during the time of stressor.
Studying the effect of stress on learning and memory processes from psychobiological point of view
have focused on different factors related with stress [12], which includes, nature of stressor and timing of
stressor [13], intensity and severity of stressor [14], source of stressor, gender [15],
individual differences [16] and learning types [17]. To diagnose the mental disorders and abnormalities for
humans; recently, the electroencephalogram (EEG) has become very valuable and vital technique.
The main goal of this technique is to measure brain activities. Morover, the desired features could be
extracted from the signals, which are recorded from the scalp of the brain.
Nowadays, EEG has been used extensively to detect and study human stress [18]. In EEG analysis,
alpha, theta and gamma rhythms have an essential role in hum an cognitive process and functionality of
the brain. Moreover, Theta rhythm is associated and related to memory and learning process, especially for
encoding and retrieval phases in all types of memories [19]. In [20], memory retrieval process has been
discussed, however, the authors discovered that power of parrietal theta increases for normal memory
retrieval. Moreover, In [21], the main power for theta and gamma bands are measured during memory
encoding stage. In conclusion, successful encoding is related to decreasing alpha band activity at both
pre-frontaland occipital lobes.
Stress assessment based on EEG analysis is discussed in [22], in one hand, busy brain decreases
alpha power and increases beta power. In the other hand, the power in left pre-frontal increases during
stress [23, 24]. Until now, studying pre-learning stress using EEG signals still infant and there is a lack of
contributes in this regard [25-27]. Twenty-two non-smoking, undergraduate university male healthy students
between 18 and 22 of age participated in the experiment. According to exclusion criteria; all subjects must be
healthy and none of them has an illness history, acute disorders, chronic disorders, or took medication or
drugs. All subjects will sign written informed consent. The experiment conducted afternoon (as known
medically the cortisol level is stable in afternoon time). Moreover, cortisol level is high in the morning and
low at the night. The experiment consists of two sessions. The participants in the experiment are divided into
2 groups, first group is called control group and second group is called pre-stressed group.
In more details, for the control group; all subjects in this group are learned some neutral content or
list of neutral words without facing the stress and in comfortable state. In the pre-stressed group,
before the encoding phase in 5 minutes, the subjects were laid under stressor, after that, they are learned
some neutral content or list of neutral words. After 2 months (to measure the long term memory retrieval)
with comfortable state,the subjectsin both groups asked verbally to free recall the neutral contents that were
learned previously in the encoding phase for 5 minutes. Importantly, 128 channels EEG were used in both
groups to record the EEG activities. The main contribution of this paper is to discover the relationship
between theta rhythm and frontallobe during pre-learning stress.
2. RESEARCH METHOD
All the latest studies in the effect of stress on memory and learning have investigated
the relationships between biological factors (i.e. Hormones) and memory performance. According to these
studies, it is observable that there is a conflict in the findings. This research conflict comes from
the instability of human hormones. Moreover, there are many factors such as, gender, age, mood, health
status, drugs usage, smoking and so forth interferes with studying stress. Importantly, all these factors play
a crucial role of inconsistency in the findings and the result. So, the searching for another technique to study
stress is becoming very important and useful. However, stress affects learning stage and all memory stages
(learning, consolidation and recall) in the brain that depends mainly on the time of the stressor.
Moreover, stress may interfere with encoding stage, consolidation stage and retrieval stage as
shown in Figure 1.
Retrieval phase of long-term memory is very important. Remembering the informa tion that
previously encoded and stored in the memory is very important for the humans. Importantly, enhancement
the memory retrieval leads to enhancement human performance and daily activities especially, academic
performance for students. Moreover, strong and deep learning (encoding) leads to strong recall (retrieval).
That why the motivation of this research comes from. In this research study, EEG analysis is applied to
discover the effect of pre-learning stress in EEG bands (alpha, beta, theta and gamma) in the frontal lobe.
The methodology of the study is shown in Figure 2.
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Frontal lobe and long-term memory retrieval analysis during pre-learning stress… (Omar Al Shorman)
143
Figure 1. The relationship between stress and time of stressor for learning and memory stages
Figure 2. Flow chart for EEG pre-stress analysis algorithm
3. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
In order to assess the effect of pre-learning stress; the EEG data [24] has been recorded from
the subjects using 128 EEG channels system. The recording process was conducted after two months from
the learning session to assess long-term memory. Firstly, notch filter has been used to filter the signal and to
remove AC power noise. After that, the filtered signal is passed through band pass filter with cut-off
frequency 0.1-30 HZ. As the EEG data is sensitive to other artifacts such as EOG and EMG, Independent
component analysis (ICA) is applied to remove these artifacts. EEG Lab MATLAB toolbox for EEG
processing is used to process the EEG data. Mean power spectrum for EEG bands theta (4-8 Hz) for 128
channels were recorded and extracted. Consequently, the changes in EEG rhythm (theta) in frontal lobe were
shown. In addition to the changes in the rhythms, paired sample t-test is used to investigate the significance
of the difference in theta band during long-term memory retrieval and eyes open (EO, control) in frontallobe,
as shown in Figures 3, 4 and 5. Figure 3 shows the main power for theta band, beta band and alpha band at
frontallobe during long-term memory retrieval.
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Bulletin of Electr Eng & Inf, Vol. 9, No. 1, February 2020 : 141 – 145
144
Figure 3. Mean power of Theta,beta and alpha bands at Frontallobe during LTM retrieval
Figure 4 shows the main power for theta band,beta band and alpha band at frontallobe during Eyes
Open (EO) state. The difference of theta band power between Eyes Open (EO) state and long-term memory
retrieval at frontallobe is shown in Figure 5.
Figure 4. Mean power of Theta,beta and alpha bands
at frontallobe during EO
Figure 5. Difference of theta band power between
EO and LTM retrieval at frontallobe
4. CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the current study shows effects of pre-learning stress in theta rhythm at the frontal
lobe in the brain. In general, it has been concluded that the theta band (4-8 Hz) means power increased at
frontal lobe during long term memory retrieval for the pre-stressed group compared with theta power in
frontal lobe for the control group. The results suggest that pre-learning stress increases theta main power in
the frontal lobe. That also may consider as a long-term memory retrieval performance index.
Furthermore, statistically, paired sample t-test showed that the P value for theta band between long-term
memory LTM retrieval for pre-stressed group and EO at frontallobe was equaled to 0.0431.
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