The document discusses emerging technology trends including digital reality (virtual, augmented, and mixed reality), blockchain technology, artificial intelligence, and social entrepreneurship. It highlights the implications and potential applications of these trends in libraries and other sectors, emphasizing the opportunities and challenges they may present. The document encourages brainstorming on how libraries can adapt and integrate these technologies into their services and programs.

1. FromVirtual Reality to
Blockchain: Current and
EmergingTechTrends
Bohyun Kim
ChiefTechnology Officer & Associate Professor,
University of Rhode Island Libraries
LibraryLinkNJWebinar series, Online. May 8, 2018.

2. Add your questions or comments here:
https://bit.ly/2wjaAvl

3. Trend 1. Digital Reality / Extended Reality
• Virtual Reality
• Augmented Reality
• Mixed Reality

5. https://www.flickr.com/photos/albert_hsieh/28236326333

6. https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/mixed-reality-technology-brings-mars-to-earth

7. Devices forVR
• HTCVive
• Oculus Rift
• Google Cardboard
• Samsung GearVR

8. Devices for AR
https://www.wired.com/story/google-glass-2-is-here/

9. https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/hololens
Devices for MR

10. Use Cases
• Education
• Healthcare
• Manufacturing
• Aviation
• Engineering

13. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zC5097mA9f4

14. https://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2017/03/18/514299682/google-glass-didnt-disappear-you-can-
find-it-on-the-factory-floor

15. https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/global/article/detail/T0258902EN/bmw-opts-to-incorporate-htc-vive-vr-
headsets-and-mixed-reality-into-the-development-of-new-vehicle-models-computer-images-instead-of-
laboriously-constructed-draft-models:-greater-flexibility-faster-results-and-lower-costs?language=en

16. Why Does Digital Reality Matter?

17. https://lookingglassfactory.com/product/holoplayer-one/

18. https://lookingglassfactory.com/product/holoplayer-one/

19. Brainstorm – Digital Reality
• What are the opportunities and challenges that this digital reality
trend may bring to libraries and beyond?
• What potential library services or program ideas do you see in
relation to this digital reality trend?
• https://bit.ly/2wjaAvl

20. http://gciel.sites.grinnell.edu/

21. https://www.lib.ncsu.edu/spaces/vr-studio

22. Trend 2. DLT aka Blockchain
• DLT = Digital LedgerTechnology
• Developed for Bitcoin, the first distributed cryptocurrency that
appeared in Jan 2009
• Security
• Speed
• Privacy
• Decentralized

23. https://blockchain.info/charts/n-transactions

24. https://blockchain.info/charts/estimated-transaction-volume-usd?daysAverageString=7&timespan=all

25. Immutable and Irreversible
• Linked hashes with time stamps
• Security
• Speed
• Privacy
• Decentralized
• How does it work… ??

26. https://blockgeeks.com/guides/what-is-blockchain-technology/

27. How Does BlockchainWork?
Ameer Rosic, “What Is Hashing? UnderThe Hood Of Blockchain,” Blockgeeks (blog), July 2017,
https://blockgeeks.com/guides/what-is-hashing/.

28. Key Components
• Public key cryptography
• Hashing
• Nonce
• Mining
https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/File:Blockchain.png

29. HASH
https://passwordsgenerator.net/sha256-hash-generator/

30. “The Great Chain of Being Sure about
Things,” The Economist, October 31, 2015,
https://www.economist.com/news/briefin
g/21677228-technology-behind-bitcoin-
lets-people-who-do-not-know-or-trust-
each-other-build-dependable.

31. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkle_tree

32. Ameer Rosic, “What Is Hashing? UnderThe Hood Of Blockchain,” Blockgeeks (blog), July 2017,
https://blockgeeks.com/guides/what-is-hashing/.

33. Ameer Rosic, “What Is Hashing? UnderThe Hood Of
Blockchain - Blockgeeks,” Blockgeeks (blog), July 2017,
https://blockgeeks.com/guides/what-is-hashing/.

34. Process
• A transaction is transformed into a hash.
• The hash of a whole block is created.
• A nonce (random string) is appended to the hash and hashed again.
• The resulting hash is compared to the difficulty level required by a
blockchain.
• If it is less than the difficulty level, other nodes on the network checks and
confirms the solution and updates their instances of the blockchain.
• If it not, then the nonce is changed and the trial-and-error process repeats.
• The hash of the header becomes the new block’s identifying string, and
the addition is propagated through the network. That block is now part of
the ledger.
• The miners responsible for this are rewarded (if there is a reward
associated with mining).

35. Why Does DLT/Blockchain matter?
• Immediate, low cost, and secure
• Enables decentralized authority
(No longer a mediating 3rd-party authority is required)
• Disruptive

36. Blockchain Is aTrust Protocol.
• Transparency
• Privacy
• Application in a wide range of areas

37. https://tnw.to/Sl2Oo

38. https://www.technologyrevie
w.com/s/610806/inside-the-
jordan-refugee-camp-that-
runs-on-blockchain/

39. https://e-estonia.com/solutions/e-identity/e-residency/

40. Smart Contract
https://blockgeeks.com/guides/ethereum/

41. https://www.technologyre
view.com/s/610718/states-
that-are-passing-laws-to-
govern-smart-contracts-
have-no-idea-what-
theyre-doing/

43. Blockchain Start-Ups
• Everledger
• Horizon State
• Augur
• Livepeer
• EventChain

46. https://dock.io/how-it-works

47. https://joincivil.com/how-it-works/

48. https://techcrunch.com/2017/08/09/sony-education-blockchain/

49. Issues with DLT/Blockchain
• Implementation barriers
• Speed
• Interoperability
• Energy consumption
• 51% attack

50. Brainstorm - DLT
• What are the opportunities and challenges that the DLT - aka
Blockchain - may bring to libraries and beyond?
• What potential library services or program ideas do you see in
relation to this trend?
• https://bit.ly/2wjaAvl

51. https://ischoolblogs.sjsu.edu/blockchains/

52. Trend 3. Artificial Intelligence
• Purpose of AI
• What is a uniquely human task?

53. https://www.wired.
com/story/uber-
self-driving-crash-
video-arizona/

55. What drove the recent advancement in AI?

56. https://poundforabrown.wordpress.com/2013/07/20/the-chinese-room/

57. Machine Learning ⊂ Artificial Intelligence
https://webdam.com/blog/machine-learning-making-dam-better/

58. https://blogs.nvidia.com/blog/2016/07/29/whats-difference-artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-deep-learning-ai/

59. https://www.amchkg.com/shileiblog/2017.1.4deep-learning

60. https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/26/technology/in-a-big-network-of-computers-evidence-of-machine-
learning.html

61. https://www.technologyreview.c
om/s/525586/facebook-creates-
software-that-matches-faces-
almost-as-well-as-you-do/

63. https://techcrunch.com/2018/04/26/alexa-will-soon-gain-a-memory-converse-more-
naturally-and-automatically-launch-skills/

65. https://hbr.org/2018/03/ai-will-change-radiology-but-it-wont-replace-radiologists

69. https://yewno.com/edu/concept/102e6bf8445dff7c922e1cc4e997ebf3

71. Brainstorm - AI
• What are the opportunities and challenges that new developments in
AI may bring to libraries and beyond?
• What potential library services or program ideas do you see in
relation to this trend?
• https://bit.ly/2wjaAvl

72. Possible AI Innovations for Libraries
• Automatic feature detection (such as railroads) in the map data
• Solving a problem in their library’s space assessment
• Automated abstract & Indexing
• Automated information discovery & retrieval
• VUI (Voice User Interface), facial recognition, chatbot …
• Information verification, validation, evaluation
• How to collaborate effectively (with people & machines)

73. https://www.technologyreview.com/s/604
087/the-dark-secret-at-the-heart-of-ai/

74. https://www.aclu.org/blog/privacy-technology/pitfalls-artificial-intelligence-decisionmaking-highlighted-idaho-aclu-case

75. http://explainableai.com/

76. Trend 4. Social Entrepreneurship
• Begins with “DesignThinking”
• Solving a problem
• From a user’s point of view
• Based upon users needs
• Re-examine how the problem itself has been phrased from multiple
points of view.

77. http://www.ocregister.com/2007/07/31/shimano-peddles-new-bike/
How Does ItWork?

78. DesignThinking for Innovation
• Human-centered exploration of the problem through
empathy,
experimentation,
and prototyping,
which creates a better solution - better UX.

79. A desirable solution that is financially viable and
technologically feasible
A desirable solution that is financially viable and technologically feasible.
Image source: IDEO, DesignThinking for Libraries, http://designthinkingforlibraries.com/.

80. Social Entrepreneurship
• = Social innovation
• = Social design
• = Creative entrepreneurship
• = Social venture capital
• Applying design thinking and a business approach to solve social
issues
• Social impact + Business goals

82. http://www.pallottateamworks.com/financial_netincome.php

86. http://acumen.org/our-investments/

89. Why Does Social Entrepreneurship Matter?
• A new approach to problem-solving in social issues
• Steady and growing interests in social innovation that is creative and
sustainable at the same time

92. Social Design for Libraries?
• Significant to libraries at multiple levels

93. Brainstorm – Social Innovation
• What are the opportunities and challenges that social design/
entrepreneurship may bring to libraries and beyond?
• What potential library services or program ideas do you see in
relation to this trend?
• https://bit.ly/2wjaAvl

94. http://designthinkingforlibraries.com/

96. ThankYou!
Bohyun Kim
@bohyunkim [Twitter]