The document discusses different types of forces and friction. It begins by asking about balanced and unbalanced forces on a book sitting on a desk. It then lists several scenarios involving objects in motion and asks about their similarities. It defines friction as the force between two surfaces in contact and notes that the amount of friction is affected by how hard the surfaces push together and their material. It outlines four types of friction - static, sliding, rolling, and fluid friction - and provides examples of each type.
Kinds of Friction
A moving object is affected by friction. However, the amount of friction may vary depending on the type of surface the object gets in contact with.
Rolling Friction
When an object rolls over a surface , rolling friction is produced. One of the most common examples of rolling friction is the movement of motor vehicle tires on the road , a process that generates heat and sound as by-products. Rolling friction is easier to overcome than sliding friction for similar materials. This type of friction is important to engineers who design certain products. For example, skates, skateboards, and bicycles need wheels that move freely.
Sliding Friction
Sliding friction occurs when two solid surfaces slide over each other. Sliding friction can be useful. For example, you can spread sand on an icy path to improve your footing. Ballet dancers apply a sticky powder to the soles of their ballet slippers so they won’t slip on the dance floor. And when you stop a bicycle with hand brakes, rubber pads slide against the tire surfaces, causing the wheels to slow and eventually stop. On the other hand, sliding friction is a problem if you fall off your bike and skin your knee!
Fluid Friction
Fluids, such as water, oil, or air, are materials that flow easily. Fluid friction occurs when a solid object moves through a fluid. Like rolling friction, fluid friction is easier to overcome than sliding friction.
Static Friction
The friction that acts on objects that are not moving is called static friction. Because of static friction, you must use extra force to start the motion of stationary objects. For example, think about what happens when you try to push a heavy desk across a floor. If you push on the desk with a force less than the force of static friction between the desk and the floor, the desk will not move. To make the desk move, you must exert a force greater than the force of static friction.
Friction is a force that slows down moving objects or prevents stationary objects from moving .
Friction is a contact force .
Friction produces heat .
For example – A matchstick
Friction opposes the motion of an object
When one surface moves over another , these grooves and ridges get caught up with each other and slow down the motion . This causes friction .
Best ppt on friction explaination, types of friction ,advantage & disadvantage of friction.effects of friction, methods of increacing and reducing friction,with example
Kinds of Friction
A moving object is affected by friction. However, the amount of friction may vary depending on the type of surface the object gets in contact with.
Rolling Friction
When an object rolls over a surface , rolling friction is produced. One of the most common examples of rolling friction is the movement of motor vehicle tires on the road , a process that generates heat and sound as by-products. Rolling friction is easier to overcome than sliding friction for similar materials. This type of friction is important to engineers who design certain products. For example, skates, skateboards, and bicycles need wheels that move freely.
Sliding Friction
Sliding friction occurs when two solid surfaces slide over each other. Sliding friction can be useful. For example, you can spread sand on an icy path to improve your footing. Ballet dancers apply a sticky powder to the soles of their ballet slippers so they won’t slip on the dance floor. And when you stop a bicycle with hand brakes, rubber pads slide against the tire surfaces, causing the wheels to slow and eventually stop. On the other hand, sliding friction is a problem if you fall off your bike and skin your knee!
Fluid Friction
Fluids, such as water, oil, or air, are materials that flow easily. Fluid friction occurs when a solid object moves through a fluid. Like rolling friction, fluid friction is easier to overcome than sliding friction.
Static Friction
The friction that acts on objects that are not moving is called static friction. Because of static friction, you must use extra force to start the motion of stationary objects. For example, think about what happens when you try to push a heavy desk across a floor. If you push on the desk with a force less than the force of static friction between the desk and the floor, the desk will not move. To make the desk move, you must exert a force greater than the force of static friction.
Friction is a force that slows down moving objects or prevents stationary objects from moving .
Friction is a contact force .
Friction produces heat .
For example – A matchstick
Friction opposes the motion of an object
When one surface moves over another , these grooves and ridges get caught up with each other and slow down the motion . This causes friction .
Best ppt on friction explaination, types of friction ,advantage & disadvantage of friction.effects of friction, methods of increacing and reducing friction,with example
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
1. Daily Science
1. If a book is sitting on a desk would it be a
balanced force or unbalanced force? Using
arrows, show what forces are acting on the
book.
2.How would you make the book become
unbalanced if it’s balanced.
2. Scenarios
What are the similarities between each
scenario:
•You sitting in a chair
•Puck gliding across the rink
•Brakes stopping a car
•Football players colliding
•Tires screeching across the pavement
•Riding your bike
•Surfing on some killer waves
3. What is friction?
• Friction is a force that two surfaces exert
on each other when they rub against each
other.
• What two factors do you think affect
friction?
4. Two factors that affect friction.
• The first factor is how hard the surfaces
push together.
• Ex. Rubbing your hands together, the
harder you rub your hands the warmer
they get.
• The second factor is the types of surfaces
involved.
• Would you rather rub your face with sand
paper or wax paper?
5. Types of Friction
• There are four types of friction:
1. Static Friction
2. Sliding Friction
3. Rolling Friction
4. Fluid Friction
6. Static Friction
• Static Friction is when friction is acting on
objects that aren’t moving.
• What could be some examples of this?
• Example: desk not moving, standing still,
pencil laying on desk.
• The objects aren’t moving because of
friction.
7. Sliding Friction
• Sliding Friction occurs when two solid
surfaces slide over each other.
• How can this be useful?
• Spreading sand on ice for more traction,
using your brakes on your bike to stop.
• How can this not be useful?
• Slipping and falling on ice, falling off bike
and skinning your knee.
8. Rolling Friction
• Rolling friction is when objects roll across
something. This provides rolling friction.
• What are some examples of rolling
friction?
• Skateboard, rollerblades
• What do scientist use to reduce the
amount of friction in wheels?
• They use ball bearings.
9. Fluid Friction
• Fluid friction occurs when a solid object
moves through a fluid.
• Some types of fluids are water, air, and oil.
• What are some examples of fluid friction?
• Surfing
• How is riding a bike an example of fluid
friction.
• A cyclists cuts through the air.
10. Fluid Friction
• Fluid friction occurs when a solid object
moves through a fluid.
• Some types of fluids are water, air, and oil.
• What are some examples of fluid friction?
• Surfing
• How is riding a bike an example of fluid
friction.
• A cyclists cuts through the air.
