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Freshman literary terms
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- 2. Plot • Is theframework of a story—the arrangement of related events that makes the story hang together. • The action in the story. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WH5jlk K4aUI
- 3. Exposition • Introduces thebasic situation of the story and any information the reader needs (setting, background, characters) to get oriented to the story.
- 4. Rising action •Is thedramatic events that move the plot along to its point of greatest emotional intensity.
- 5. complication •Is the pointin the story the main character encounters an obstacle.
- 6. Internal conflict • Occurswhen a character struggles with a personal trait.
- 7. External conflict • Occurswhen a character struggles with forces outside of him or herself.
- 8. Climax • Is thepoint of most emotional intensity in a story and often the turning point. • The point at which the action in a story or play reaches its emotional peak. • the moment in the story or play at which a crisis reaches its highest intensity and a decisive turning point.
- 9. Conflict • Conflict: The elementsthat create a plot. Traditionally, every plot is build from the most basic elements of a conflict and an eventual resolution. The conflict can be internal (within one character) or external (among or between characters, society, and/or nature).
- 10. Falling action • Isthe resolution of dramatic action after the climax
- 11. Resolution • Is thepart of the plot in which the problems are settled and everything is made clear or explained.
- 12. Suspense • Is atechnique used to hold the reader’s interest.
- 13. Foreshadowing • Is thetechnique of providing the readers wit hints, clues, or indications about future action. • A technique in which an author gives clues about something that will happen later in the story. • a device in which the author drops hints or otherwise prepared the reader for an event to come later • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tooj33VgjaA
- 14. flashback • Is thetechnique of going to a previous time, not within the time frame of the story to provide the reader with back ground information or to relate the story as if it is being remembered.
- 15. Indirect characterization • Occurswhen the writer reveals the nature of his characters through their appearance, speech, actions, thoughts, and responses of other characters
- 16. protagonist • Is astory’s main character • Is the good guy in the story • Is the hero of the story
- 17. antagonist • Is thecharacter or force that comes into conflict with the main character. • Is the bad guy or villain in the story • A major character who opposes the protagonist in a story or play. • the major character in opposition to the hero or protagonist of a narrative or drama
- 18. Characters • The people,animals, or creatures in a story.
- 19. Dynamic character • Changesignificantly during the course of a story.
- 20. Static character • Charactersremain the same throughout a story.
- 21. Flat characters • Haveonly one or two key personality traits
- 22. Round character • Arethree-dimensional characters
- 23. Stock characters • Fita preconceived notion about a specific type, much like a stereotype.
- 24. Omniscient • Is anarrator that is godlike observer who knows everything thing that is going on and who can see into every character’s heart and mind
- 25. First-person • Is anarrator that relates events of the story, and takes part in the action using “I.” • The point of view of writing which the narrator refers to himself as “I.” • narrator is a character in the story; uses “I,” “we,” etc.
- 26. Third Person • narratoroutside the story; uses “he,” “she,” “they”
- 27. Limited third-person • Isa narrator that speaks form the vantage point of a single character. • narrator tells only what one character perceives
- 28. Third-person objective. • Iswhen the narrator is not a character in the story and reports only what can be seen and heard. Unspoken thoughts and feelings are not revealed.
- 29. Figurative language • Isa language that goes beyond its usual literal meaning to achieve emphasis or to express a relationship between unlike things. A figurative expression usually contains a stated or implied comparison. • Examples: The redcoats are coming!, • Language that does not mean exactly what it says. For example, you can call someone who is very angry “steaming.” Unless steam was actually coming out of your ears, you were using figurative language.
- 30. Simile • Is afigure of speech in which two essentially unlike things are directly compared, usually with words like or as. • Examples: As busy as a bee, As cold as ice, Our soldiers are as brave as lions, Her cheeks are red like a rose, She swims like a fish, The world is like a stage, The night was as black as coal, “Do you ever feel like a plastic bag?”, as busy as a bee, as snug as a bug in a rug, as black as coal, as blind as a bat, as smooth as glass, as gentle as a lamb, as clear as a crystal, as hard as rock, as flat as a pancake, as white as snow, as clean as a whistle, as free as a bird, as hot as hell, as mad as a hatter, as pretty as a picture, as sharp as a knife, as wise as an owl, as fat as a pig, as brave as a lion, as gentle as a lamb,
- 31. Metaphor • Is animplied comparison between things essentially • A comparison that doesn’t use “like” or “as”—such as “He’s a rock” or “I am an island.” unlike. • Examples: Her voice is music to his ears, you are my sunshine, she froze with fear, I’m the king of the world, love is a battlefield, food for thought,
- 32. Extended metaphor • Isa metaphor, an implied comparison that runs through an entire work or portion of a work. Most often found in poetry.
- 33. personification • Is afigure of speech in which human characteristics are assigned to non-human things, or life is attributed to inanimate objects. • Giving inanimate object human characteristics. For example, “The flames reached for the child hovering in the corner.” • Examples: The flowers danced in the gentle breeze, Time creeps up on you, The news took me by surprise, The fire ran wild, this city never sleeps, the city that never sleeps, the grease jumped out of the pan,
- 34. onomatopoeia • Is useof words having sounds that suggest their meaning or which imitate the sound associated with them. • A word that makes a sound • The use of words that sound like what they mean such as “buzz.” • Examples: the buzzing bee flew away, The sack fell into the river with a splash, bang, hop, pluck, clap, crack, meow, honk, crunch, pop,
- 35. hyperbole • Is afigure of speech involving great exaggeration. The effect may be satirical, sentimental, or comic. • For entertainment or amusement. • Examples: I have a ton of homework, I’m so hungry, I could eat a horse, Hit the lights, My mom is going to kill me, I’ve told a million times, It was so cold, I saw polar bears wearing jackets, I can smell pizza from a mile away, The lesson was taking forever, I could listen to that song on repeat forever,
- 36. imagery • Is languagethat appeals to what can be seen, heard, touch, taste, smell, as well as what can be felt internally (to senses) in order to re-create the experience being communicated and the emotional response appropriate to the experience. • The use of description that helps the reader imagine how something looks, sounds, feels, smells, or taste. Most of the time, it refers to appearance. For example, “The young bird’s white, feathered wings flutter as he made his way across the nighttime sky.” • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M0ymDfJge8c&index=4&list=PLndfEMRm03EVKXV5FsHw mH6-fDs1J_fkB
- 37. irony • Is afigure of speech in which the author implies what is meant, or what has occurred, is different from what was thought or expected. • Examples: “Oh great! Now you have broken my new camera.” Language that conveys a certain ideas by saying just he opposite. • Can be verbal, situational, or dramatic and has the result of the meaning, situation or action being one thing but meaning something different. • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YgV4Bj8U0Mo&index=5&list=PLndfEMRm03EVKXV5FsHw mH6-fDs1J_fkB
- 38. tone • Is awriter’s attitude and what he or she wants the reader to feel.
- 39. theme • Is themain idea or underlying of a literary work. A theme may be directly stated, but more often it is implied by the author. • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kN6Ug_HYZYc
- 40. inference • Is areasonable guess based on evidence found in the text.
- 41. stanza • Is agroup of lines in a poem.
- 42. prose • Is anynon-metrical language, novels, short stories, letters, emails, ect. In other words, all writing except poetry and drama (scripted plays).
- 43. symbol • Something concretethat means to represent an abstract idea or notion. For example, the heart shape which is concrete represents the abstract notion of love.
- 44. Suspense • A senseof excitement, tension, dread or fear about what will happen next
- 45. Narrator • Character whotells the story; can be the author or a fictional character.
- 46. Dramatic Irony • Whenthe reader or viewer knows something the character does not know
- 47. Situational Irony • Contrastbetween what a reader or character expects and what actually exists or happens.
- 48. Verbal Irony • Whensomeone knowingly exaggerates or says one thing and means another
- 49. Dialect • The formof language spoken in a particular area by particular people.
- 50. Word choice • Canmake a work sound formal or informal, serious, or humorous; words must be chosen carefully depending on the goal of the piece of writing
- 51. Third-person Limited Pointof View • Tells only what one character thinks, feels, and observes
- 52. Third-person Omniscient Pointof View • also called "all knowing point of view"; the narrator sees into the mind of all of the characters
- 53. Allusion • A referenceto another literary figure or time period.
- 54. Prologue • The openingline od a drama that gives background information
- 55. Pun • A playon words when a word has more than one meaning. • Examples: I find this humerus, Hurray for math puns,
- 56. Foil Character • Createdto highlight traits of other characters.
- 57. Types of conflict. •Man vs. Man • Man vs. Inner self. • Man vs. Outside force
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- 59. Conflict Videos • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rM5cp_YL77k •https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4JxmGe1iGI • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rg_10OfdEss
- 60. Videos • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p50_yNQLj5c • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vMSLgxj2dxk •https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A9uKwQ4VzHM
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- 62. Symbolism • Symbolism isthe use of symbols to signify ideas and qualities by giving them symbolic meanings that are different from their literal sense. • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=26-Q_QUG6bA
- 63. Analogy • An analogyis a literary device that helps to establish a relationship based on similarities between two concepts or ideas. By using an analogy we can convey a new idea by using the blueprint of an old one as a basis for understanding. With a mental linkage between the two, one can create understanding regarding the new concept in a simple and succinct manner.
- 64. Biography • A biographyis simply a bio that gives an account or detailed description about the life of a person. It entails basic facts such as childhood, education, career, relationships, family and death. Biography is a literary genre that portrays the experiences of all these events occurred in the life of a person mostly in a chronological order. Unlike a resume or profile, biography
- 65. Flashback • Flashbacks areinterruptions that writers do to insert past events in order to provide background or context to the current events of a narrative. By using flashbacks, writers allow their readers to gain insight into a character’s motivation and provide a background to a current conflict. Dream sequences and memories are methods used to present flashbacks. • Is a literary device that allows writers to show their audience specific events that happened before the current action of the story.
- 66. Inference • Flashbacks areinterruptions that writers do to insert past events in order to provide background or context to the current events of a narrative. By using flashbacks, writers allow their readers to gain insight into a character’s motivation and provide a background to a current conflict. Dream sequences and memories are methods used to present flashbacks.
- 67. Genre • Is acategory system that literature falls into based on specific conventions that develop to characterize the differences.
- 68. Parody • a satiricalimitation of the style of another written work.
- 69. Satire • the literaryart of belittling a subject by making it seem ridiculous and evoking towards it attitudes of amusement, contempt, or scorn; satire frequently attempts to correct human vices and follies. • Any form of literature that blends ironic humor with criticism for the purpose of ridiculing vice and stupidity in individuals and institutions.
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- 74. tone • the attitudeof the writer toward his subject and his audience, revealed through his diction and his choice of emphasis; the tone of a work might be formal, or intimate, solemn or playful, serious, ironic, humorous.
- 75. mood • the atmosphereor feeling developed in a literary work; light- hearted, romantic, eerie, somber, tragic.
- 76. theme • the centralidea or thesis of a literary work.
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- 85. imagery • language thatevokes one or all of the five senses: seeing, hearing, tasting, smelling, touching