This document provides information on wine regions in France, including Bordeaux, Burgundy, and the Rhone Valley. In Bordeaux, the region is divided by the Gironde Estuary into left and right banks, which determine the grape blend. Left bank wines have more Cabernet Sauvignon, while right bank wines have more Merlot. Burgundy is known for Pinot Noir and Chardonnay wines from appellations like Chablis, Gevrey-Chambertin, and Meursault. The Rhone Valley is split into the northern and southern regions, with the north focused on Syrah and the south featuring blends including Grenache, Mourvedre, and Cinsault.

1. FRENCH
AND
ITALIAN
WINE REGIONS
By Colin Lobo

2. 4.10 FRANCE

4. 4.10 FRANCE - BORDEAUX

5. 1855 BORDEAUX
CLASSIFICATION OF THE
MEDOC

7. 4.10 FRANCE - BORDEAUX
 Bordeaux is the most famous and highly coveted wine blend in the world. Like many wines with
a long history, there’s a lot to learn, so we’re here to just cover the basics.
 While there are both red and white Bordeaux's, the name Bordeaux is primarily associated with
the red wine blend. Red Bordeaux is a red wine that is always made from blending Cabernet
Sauvignon wine and Merlot wine together, though the proportion of each depends on the
location of the winery that made the wine.
 In the Bordeaux region of France, where the wine is made, the Gironde estuary cuts through
the center of the region creating two banks: a left bank and a right bank. It is a winery’s location
on either bank that determines the proportion of Merlot to Cabernet inside each wine. If the
winery is located on the Left Bank, the blend created will have more Cabernet Sauvignon than
Merlot. If the winery is instead located on the Right Bank of the river, the wine will have more
Merlot in the blend than Cabernet Sauvignon. This determination also allows us to make a few
generalizations about the wine depending on the bank on which it was created.

8. 4.10 FRANCE - BORDEAUX
LEFT BANK:
REGIONS:
 The Bordeaux region is naturally divided by the Gironde Estuary into a Left Bank area which
includes the Médoc and Graves.
 The Médoc is itself divided into Haut-Médoc (the upstream or southern portion) and
Bas-Médoc(the downstream or northern portion, often referred to simply as "Médoc").
 There are various sub-regions within the Haut-Médoc, including St-Estèphe, Pauillac, St.-Julien
and Margaux and the less well known areas of AOC Moulis and Listrac.
 Graves includes the sub-regions of Pessac-Léognan and Sauternes.
 Sauternes in turn includes the sub-region of Barsac

9. 4.10 FRANCE - BORDEAUX
GENERAL RULE:
 Left Bank blends tend to be higher in tannins, alcohol and acidity. They are powerful, rich wines
that are said to age a bit better than wines from the Right Bank. This is also the bank that made
the region famous.
GRAPE VARIETALS:
 Cabernet Sauvignon is the dominant grape, followed by Merlot and Cabernet Franc. To a lesser
degree, Petit Verdot, Malbec and small amounts of Carmenere are also planted in the Left
Bank of Bordeaux.
 The Graves area produces both red wine (from the grapes previously mentioned)
and white wine from the Sauvignon blanc, Sémillon and Muscadelle grapes. The
area of Sauternes (including Barsac) is known for its botrytized dessert wines.

10. 4.10 FRANCE - BORDEAUX
RIGHT BANK:
REGIONS:
 The Bordeaux region is naturally divided by the Gironde Estuary into a Right Bank area which
includes the Libournais, Bourg and Blaye.
 The Libournais includes the sub-regions of Saint-Émilion and Pomerol
GENERAL RULE:
 Right bank blends tend to be softer, less tannic and lower in alcohol and acidity. Because Merlot is the
dominant grape, they are much more juicy and usually ready to be drunk much earlier than Left Bank
Bordeaux's, and they’re often less expensive.
GRAPE VARIETAL:
Libournais - Merlot is the dominant grape followed by Cabernet Franc. To a lesser degree,
Petit Verdot, Malbec and small amounts of Carmenere are also planted in the Right Bank of
Bordeaux.
Bourg And Blaye - Merlot is the main grape of the area followed by Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc
and Malbec. The area around Bourg also has sizable Sauvignon blanc planting for sparkling
wines and Ugni blanc for cognac

11. 4.10 FRANCE - BORDEAUX

12. TOP 25 WINES
Sr. No Wine Name Grape Popularity
1 Chateau Mouton Rothschild, Pauillac, France Bordeaux Blend Red 1st
2 Chateau Lafite Rothschild, Pauillac, France Bordeaux Blend Red 2nd
3 Petrus, Pomerol, France Merlot 3rd
4 Chateau Margaux, Margaux, France Bordeaux Blend Red 4th
5 Chateau Latour, Pauillac, France Cabernet Sauvignon - Merlot 6
th
6 Chateau Haut-Brion, Pessac-Leognan, France Bordeaux Blend Red 7
th
7 Chateau d'Yquem, Sauternes, France Sauvignon Blanc - Semillon 8th
8 Chateau Lynch-Bages, Pauillac, France Bordeaux Blend Red 11th
9 Chateau Cheval Blanc, Saint-Emilion Grand Cru, France Bordeaux Blend Red 12th
10 Chateau Pontet-Canet, Pauillac, France Bordeaux Blend Red 14th
11 Chateau Montrose, Saint-Estephe, France Bordeaux Blend Red 15
th
12 Chateau Cos d'Estournel, Saint-Estephe, France Bordeaux Blend Red 16
th
13 Chateau Pichon Longueville Comtesse de Lalande, Pauillac, France Bordeaux Blend Red 18
th
14 Chateau Palmer, Margaux, France Bordeaux Blend Red 21st
15 Chateau Leoville Barton, Saint-Julien, France Bordeaux Blend Red 23rd
16 Chateau Angelus, Saint-Emilion Grand Cru, France Bordeaux Blend Red 25th
17 Chateau Ducru-Beaucaillou, Saint-Julien, France Cabernet Sauvignon - Merlot 26th
18 Chateau Leoville-Las Cases 'Grand Vin de Leoville', Saint-Julien, France Bordeaux Blend Red 28
th
19 Chateau La Mission Haut-Brion, Pessac-Leognan, France Bordeaux Blend Red 29
th
20 Chateau Pichon-Longueville au Baron de Pichon-Longueville, Pauillac, France Bordeaux Blend Red 30th
21 Chateau Leoville Poyferre, Saint-Julien, France Bordeaux Blend Red 31st
22 Chateau Pavie, Saint-Emilion Grand Cru, France Bordeaux Blend Red 32nd
23 Chateau Talbot, Saint-Julien, France Bordeaux Blend Red 38th
24 Chateau Lafite Rothschild 'Carruades de Lafite', Pauillac, France Bordeaux Blend Red 39
th
25 Chateau Gruaud-Larose, Saint-Julien, France Bordeaux Blend Red 41
st

14. 4.10 FRANCE - BURGUNDY

15. 4.10 FRANCE - BURGUNDY
REGIONS:
 Chablis
 Cote de Nuits
 Cote de Beaune
 Cote Chalonnaise
 Mâconnais
 Beaujolais
GRAPE VARIETALS:
NORTH BURGUNDY:
 Black - Pinot Noir,
 White - Chardonnay and Aligote.
SOUTH BURGUNDY:
 Black - Gamay,
 White - Chardonnay.
Chablis, Mâcon wines and the Côte d'Or whites
are mostly produced from 100% Chardonnay
grapes.

16. 4.10 FRANCE - BURGUNDY
FAMOUS WHITE WINES APPELLATION:
 Chablis
 Meursault
 Chassagne Montrachet
 Puligny Montrachet
 Pouilly Fuisse
 Corton Charlemagne
FAMOUS RED WINES APPELLATION:
 Gevrey Chambertin
 Aloxe Corton
 Nuits Saint Georges
 Chambolle Musigny
 Pommard
 Vosne-Romanee
 Clos de Vougeot
 Échezeaux

17. 4.10 FRANCE - BURGUNDY
The classification structures in Burgundy differ fundamentally from those in Bordeaux
There are 4 different classifications:
 Regional/District - 22 regional and district appellations which represent over 41% of total
production. Examples of regional appellations: Bourgogne Blanc, Hautes Côtes de Nuits. District
appellations never have Bourgogne in their names (e.g. Mâcon).
 Commune - There are 53 communal appellations which represent 36% of total
production. Examples include Meursault, Puligny Montrachet, Volnay and Gevrey Chambertin.
The communal or village name may be followed by the name of an individual vineyard, e,g,
Meursault Clos de la Barre, Gevrey Chambertin Les Evocelles. Many villages have double
barrelled names because they have hyphenated the name of their most famous vineyard: thus
Gevrey has added Chambertin and Chambolle has added Musigny.

18. 4.10 FRANCE - BURGUNDY
Single Vineyard Communes: Two classes of vineyards:
 Premier Cru: The name of the village the name of the vineyard classified as premier cru: e.g.
Meursault Charmes 1er cru, Gevrey Chambertin Clos St Jacques 1er cru. There are 585 premier
cru vineyards in the Côte d'Or and Côte Chalonnaise. They represent 18% of Burgundy's total
production.
 Grand Cru: The name of the vineyard on its own: e.g. Chevalier-Montrachet, Corton
Charlemagne (white); Richebourg, Le Musigny (red). Confusingly some of the grand cru names
(Musigny, Chambertin, Montrachet) appear as part of a village name (see above).There are 32
Grand Cru vineyards in the Côte d'Or. They represent less than 5% of total production.

19. 4.10 FRANCE - BURGUNDY

20. TOP 25 WINES
Sr. No
Wine Name Grape Popularity
1 Domaine de la Romanee-Conti Romanee-Conti Grand Cru, Cote de Nuits, France Pinot Noir 9th
2 Domaine de la Romanee-Conti La Tache Grand Cru Monopole, Cote de Nuits, France Pinot Noir 19th
3 Domaine de la Romanee-Conti Richebourg Grand Cru, Cote de Nuits, France Pinot Noir 61st
4 Domaine de la Romanee-Conti Echezeaux Grand Cru, Cote de Nuits, France Pinot Noir 69th
5 Domaine de la Romanee-Conti Romanee-Saint-Vivant Grand Cru, Cote de Nuits, France Pinot Noir 76th
6 Domaine Armand Rousseau Pere et Fils Chambertin Grand Cru, Cote de Nuits, France Pinot Noir 78
th
7 Domaine Comte Georges de Vogue Musigny Cuvee Vieilles Vignes Grand Cru, Cote de Nuits, France Pinot Noir 112
nd
8 Domaine de la Romanee-Conti Grands Echezeaux Grand Cru, Cote de Nuits, France Pinot Noir 120
th
9 Domaine de la Romanee-Conti Montrachet Grand Cru, Cote de Beaune, France Chardonnay 126th
10 Domaine du Clos de Tart 'Clos de Tart' Grand Cru Monopole, Cote de Nuits, France Pinot Noir 144th
11 Domaine Armand Rousseau Pere et Fils Clos Saint-Jacques, Gevrey-Chambertin Premier Cru, France Pinot Noir 178th
12 Domaine Armand Rousseau Pere et Fils Chambertin Clos-de-Beze Grand Cru, Cote de Nuits, France Pinot Noir 205th
13 Domaine Leflaive Chevalier-Montrachet Grand Cru, Cote de Beaune, France Chardonnay 216th
14 Domaine des Lambrays Clos des Lambrays Grand Cru, Cote de Nuits, France Pinot Noir 219
th
15 Domaine Ponsot Clos de la Roche Grand Cru 'Cuvee Vieilles Vignes', Cote de Nuits, France Pinot Noir 220
th
16 Domaine Leflaive Batard-Montrachet Grand Cru, Cote de Beaune, France Chardonnay 222
nd
17 Domaine Georges & Christophe Roumier Bonnes-Mares Grand Cru, Cote de Nuits, France Pinot Noir 225th
18 Domaine Bonneau du Martray Corton-Charlemagne Grand Cru, Cote de Beaune, France Chardonnay 247th
19 Domaine Jacques-Frederic Mugnier Le Musigny Grand Cru, Cote de Nuits, France Pinot Noir 264th
20 Coche-Dury Meursault, Cote de Beaune, France Chardonnay 280th
21 Coche-Dury Corton-Charlemagne Grand Cru, Cote de Beaune, France Chardonnay 301st
22 Domaine Comte Georges de Vogue Bonnes-Mares Grand Cru, Cote de Nuits, France Pinot Noir 305
th
23 Domaine Leflaive Les Pucelles, Puligny-Montrachet Premier Cru, France Chardonnay 306
th
24 Domaine Leroy Musigny Grand Cru, Cote de Nuits, France Pinot Noir 309
th
25 Domaine du Comte Liger-Belair La Romanee Grand Cru, Cote de Nuits, France Pinot Noir 314th

22. 4.10 FRANCE - RHONE VALLEY

23. 4.10 FRANCE - RHONE VALLEY
The Rhone Valley produces 95% red wine.
Rhone Valley sub divides into two: Northern Rhone and Southern Rhone
Northern Rhone vineyard areas are on steep narrow gauges most of the wine
is produced on the right side of river
Southern Rhone vineyards are spread out on both sides of the river
Northern Rhone produces the best wines (5% of total Rhone production)
and the south produces the most wines (95%. of total Rhone production)

24. 4.10 FRANCE - RHONE VALLEY
NORTHERN RHONE REGIONS:
From north to south the appellations in the northern Rhône are:
 Condrieu AOC - Whites of Viognier only.
 Château-Grillet AOC - Whites of Viognier.
 Cornas AOC - Reds of Syrah only.
 Côte-Rôtie AOC - Reds of Syrah and up to 20% Viognier.
 Crozes-Hermitage AOC - Reds of Syrah and up to 15% Marsanne and Roussanne; whites of only Marsanne and
Roussanne.
 Hermitage AOC - Reds of Syrah and up to 15% Viognier; whites of only Marsanne and Roussanne
 Saint-Joseph AOC - Reds of Syrah and up to 10% Marsanne and Roussanne; whites of only Marsanne and
Roussanne.
 Saint-Péray AOC - Sparkling and still whites of only Marsanne and Roussanne.
GRAPE VARIETALS:
 Red: Syrah is the only red variety allowed.
 White: Viognier, Roussanne, Marsanne(VMR) is the only white varieties allowed.

25. 4.10 FRANCE - RHONE VALLEY
SOUTHERN RHONE REGIONS:
From north to south the appellations in the
southern Rhône are:
 Côtes du Vivarais AOC
 Côtes du Rhône AOC
 Côtes du Rhône Villages AOC
 Coteaux du Tricastin AOC
 Châteauneuf-du-Pape AOC
 Vacqueyras AOC
 Rasteau AOC
 Cairanne
SOUTHERN RHONE REGIONS:
From north to south the appellations in the
southern Rhône are:
 Gigondas AOC
 Vinsobres AOC
 Lirac AOC
 Beaumes de Venise AOC
 Muscat de Beaumes de Venise AOC
 Tavel AOC
 Cote du Ventoux
 Cote du Luberon

26. 4.10 FRANCE - RHONE VALLEY
GRAPE VARIETALS:
Grenache grape is the most important in the southern Rhone but it is no good on its own the
grapes listed below bring out its best.
Red: Grenache Noir, Syrah, Mourvedre (G.S.M)
White: Grenache Blanc, Clairette, Bourboulenc (G.C.B)
EXCEPTION:
Muscat de Beaumes de Venise -
Red - Muscat Rouge à Petits Grains
White - Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains
95% of the Southern Rhone wine is Red wine, well known for Cotes de Rhone AC
different microclimates meaning different grapes

27. 4.10 FRANCE - RHONE VALLEY
Red White Red White
Marsanne M M M
Roussanne M M M
Viognier M
Syrah M M M M
Regional appellations
Variety
NORTHERN RHONE GRAPE VARIETALS
Condrieu,[11]
Château-
Grillet[12]
Cornas[13]Côte-Rôtie[14]
Hermitage,[15]
Crozes-
Hermitage[16]
Saint-Joseph[17]
Saint-Péray

28. 4.10 FRANCE - RHONE VALLEY
Red and
rosé
White Red Rosé White
Red and
rosé
White Red Rosé White
Bourboulenc M M M M M M
Clairette blanche M M M M M M
Grenache blanc M M M M M M M
Marsanne M M M
Roussanne M M M M
Viognier M M M
Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains M
Piquepoul blanc M M
Brun Argenté (locally called
Camarèse or Vaccarèse)
M
Cinsaut M M M M
Clairette rose M M
Counoise M
Grenache gris M M M
Grenache noir M M M M M M M M M M M
Mourvèdre S S M S M M S M
Muscardin M
Muscat Rouge à Petits Grains M
Picardan M
Piquepoul gris M M
Piquepoul noir M M
Syrah S S S S M S M M S M
Terret noir M
SOUTHERN RHONE GRAPE VARIETALS
Regional appellations
Rasteau
[26]
Tavel
[27]
Vacqueyras[28]
Variety
Côtes du
Rhône[19]
Côtes du Rhône
Villages[20]
Beaumes
de
Venise
[21]
Château
neuf-du-
Pape
[22]
Gigondas
[23]
Lirac[24]
Muscat
de
Beaume
s de
Venise
[25]

29. TOP 25 WINES
Sr. No Wine Name Grape Popularity
1 Chateau de Beaucastel Chateauneuf-du-Pape, Rhone, France Southern Rhone Red Blend 37th
2 Paul Jaboulet Aine Hermitage La Chapelle, Rhone, France Syrah 47th
3 Domaine Jean-Louis Chave Hermitage, Rhone, France Syrah 48th
4 Chateau Rayas Chateauneuf-du-Pape Reserve, Rhone, France Grenache (Garnacha) 82nd
5 Paul Avril Clos des Papes Chateauneuf-du-Pape, Rhone, France Southern Rhone Red Blend 98th
6 E. Guigal Cote Rotie La Mouline, Rhone, France Syrah - Viognier 137
th
7 Domaine du Pegau Chateauneuf-du-Pape Cuvee Reservee, Rhone, France Southern Rhone Red Blend 148
th
8 Domaine du Vieux Telegraphe Chateauneuf-du-Pape La Crau, Rhone, France Southern Rhone Red Blend 168
th
9 E. Guigal Cote Rotie La Landonne, Rhone, France Syrah 172nd
10 E. Guigal Cote Rotie La Turque, Rhone, France Syrah - Viognier 186th
11
Chateau de Beaucastel Chateauneuf-du-Pape Grand Cuvee Hommage a Jacques Perrin, Rhone,
France
Southern Rhone Red Blend 226
th
12 Domaine de La Janasse Cuvee Vieilles Vignes, Chateauneuf-du-Pape, France Southern Rhone Red Blend 248th
13 M. Chapoutier Ermitage Le Pavillon, Rhone, France Syrah 268th
14 E. Guigal Cotes du Rhone, France Southern Rhone Red Blend 272nd
15 Domaine Auguste Clape Cornas, Rhone, France Syrah 285
th
16 Henri Bonneau Chateauneuf-du-Pape Reserve des Celestins, Rhone, France Southern Rhone Red Blend 295
th
17 Domaine Jamet Cote Rotie, Rhone, France Syrah 300
th
18 E. Guigal Chateau d'Ampuis Cote Rotie, Rhone, France Syrah 415th
19 E. Guigal Cote Rotie Brune et Blonde de Guigal, Rhone, France Syrah 458th
20 Domaine Jean-Louis Chave Hermitage Blanc, Rhone, France Marsanne - Roussanne 471st
21 Chateau de Beaucastel Chateauneuf-du-Pape Blanc Roussanne Vieilles Vignes, Rhone, France Roussanne 502nd
22 Thierry Allemand Cornas Reynard, Rhone, France Syrah 571st
23 Domaine du Pegau Chateauneuf-du-Pape Cuvee da Capo, Rhone, France Southern Rhone Red Blend 605
th
24 M. Chapoutier Ermitage de l'Oree Blanc, Rhone, France Marsanne 641
st
25 Domaine Jean-Louis Chave Ermitage Cuvee Cathelin, Rhone, France Syrah 694
th

31. 4.10 FRANCE - LOIRE VALLEY

32. 4.10 FRANCE - LOIRE VALLEY
The Loire, as a whole, is very diverse in wine styles, in climate, in geography and in geology and,
for this reason, it can be divided into 3 primary growing areas:
 Lower Loire - Pays Nantais
 Middle Loire - Anjou, Saumur and Touraine
 Upper Loire - Centre
LOIRE VALLEY – KEY WINES
 Nantais: Muscadet, Muscadet de Sevre-et-maine, Sur Lie.
 Anjou-Saumur: Anjou Rose, Cabernet Anjou, Coteaux du Layon, Savennieres, Saumur,
Saumur-Champigny.
 Touraine:, Reds on CF or Gamay: Chinon, Bourgueil, Saint-Nicolas-de-Bourgueil.
Whites CB Vouvray.
 Central Vineyards: Finest white wines on SB: Sancerre, Pouilly-Fume, Menetou-Salon.

33. 4.10 FRANCE - LOIRE VALLEY
GRAPE VARIETALS:
L O W E R L O I R E - PAY S N A N TA I S
 Melon de Bourgogne (Muscadet): not
related to the Muscat family, originally from
Burgundy
 Folle Blanche: only found in Gros Plant de
Pays Nantais AOP
 Pinot Gris: a minor blending grape
GRAPE VARIETALS:
MIDDLE LOIRE - ANJOU, SAUMUR AND TOURAINE
WHITE WINE
 Chenin Blanc
 Sauvignon Blanc
 Chardonnay
 Arbois: indigenous to the Loire
 Pinot Gris
 Romorantin
RED WINE
 Cabernet Franc - The main red grape.
 Cabernet Sauvignon
 Pineau d’Aunis
 Malbec
 Gamay
 Grolleau: indigenous to the Loire, makes great off-
dry Anjou rosé
 Pinot Noir
 Pinot Meunier

34. 4.10 FRANCE - LOIRE VALLEY
GRAPE VARIETALS:
U P P E R L O I R E - C E N T R E
WHITE WINE
 Sauvignon Blanc: aka Blanc Fumé (smokey
white)
 Chasselas: historic grape of the region
 Pinot Gris: indigenous to the Loire
 Sacy: aka Tressailier
RED WINE
 Pinot Noir
 Gamay

35. TOP 25 WINES
Sr. No Wine Name Grape Popularity
1 Didier Dagueneau Pouilly-Fume Silex, Loire, France Sauvignon Blanc 312nd
2 Clos Rougeard Saumur-Champigny, Loire, France Cabernet Franc 452nd
3
Nicolas Joly Vignobles de la Coulee de Serrant 'Clos de la Coulee de Serrant' Savennieres,
Loire, France Chenin Blanc
635
th
4 Clos Rougeard Saumur-Champigny Le Bourg, Loire, France Cabernet Franc 749th
5 Olga Raffault Chinon Les Picasses, Loire, France Cabernet Franc 793rd
6 Domaine Vacheron Sancerre, Loire, France Sauvignon Blanc 859
th
7 Clos Rougeard Saumur-Champigny Les Poyeaux, Loire, France Cabernet Franc 896
th
8 Baron de Ladoucette Pouilly-Fume 'Baron de L', Loire, France Sauvignon Blanc 1,151
st
9 Didier Dagueneau Pouilly-Fume Pur Sang, Loire, France Sauvignon Blanc 1,314th
10 Pascal Jolivet Sancerre Blanc, Loire, France Sauvignon Blanc 1,318th
11 Moulin Touchais Coteaux du Layon, Loire, France Chenin Blanc 1,453rd
12 Edmond Vatan Sancerre Clos la Neore, Loire, France Sauvignon Blanc 1,513rd
13 Barton & Guestier Vouvray, Loire, France Chenin Blanc 1,581st
14 Didier Dagueneau Blanc Fume de Pouilly, Loire, France Sauvignon Blanc 1,713
rd
15 Baron de Ladoucette Pouilly-Fume, Loire, France Sauvignon Blanc 1,795
th
16 Clos Rougeard Saumur Blanc Breze, Loire, France Chenin Blanc 2,009
th
17 Francois Cotat Sancerre Les Monts Damnes, Loire, France Sauvignon Blanc 2,043rd
18 Domaine Huet Vouvray Moelleux Clos du Bourg Premiere Trie, Loire, France Chenin Blanc 2,135th
19 Domaine Huet Vouvray Le Mont Sec, Loire, France Chenin Blanc 2,218th
20 Domaine Huet Vouvray Le Haut Lieu Moelleux, Loire, France Chenin Blanc 2,261st
21 Alphonse Mellot Sancerre La Moussiere, Loire, France Sauvignon Blanc 2,325
th
22 Pascal Jolivet Sancerre Rose, Loire, France Pinot Noir 2,346
th
23 Domaine de la Pepiere Muscadet Sevre-et-Maine Sur Lie, Loire, France Melon de Bourgogne 2,494
th
24 Didier Dagueneau Pouilly-Fume Asteroide, Loire, France Sauvignon Blanc 2,661st
25 Henri Bourgeois Sancerre Les Baronnes, Loire, France Sauvignon Blanc 2,727th

36. MOST EXPENSIVE WINE
Henri Jayer Richebourg Grand Cru
Region: Cote de Nuits, Burgundy, France
Average Price: US$16,193/- (INR 10,52,545)
Maximum Price: US$24,473/- (15,90,745)
Grape Variety: Pinot Noir
1

37. MOST EXPENSIVE WINE
Domaine de la Romanee-Conti Romanee-Conti Grand Cru
Region: Cote de Nuits, Burgundy, France
Average Price: US$12,527/- (INR 8,14,255)
Maximum Price: US$62,507(INR 40,62,955)
Grape Variety: Pinot Noir
2

38. MOST EXPENSIVE WINE
Egon Muller-Scharzhof Scharzhofberger Riesling
Trockenbeerenauslese
Region: Bereich Saar, Mosel, Germany
Average Price: US$6,934/- (INR 4,50,710)
Maximum Price: US$14,125(INR 9,18,125)
Grape Variety: Riesling
3

39. 4.16 ITALY

40. 4.16 ITALYThe regions are, roughly from Northwest to
Southeast:
 Aosta Valley
 Piemonte
 Liguria
 Lombardia
 Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol
 Friuli-Venezia Giulia
 Veneto
 Emilia-Romagna
 Toscana
 Marche
 Umbria
 Lazio
 Sardinia
 Abruzzo
 Molise
 Campania
 Basilicata
 Puglia
 Calabria
 Sicily

41. 4.16 ITALY
ITALIAN WINE REGIONS –
NORTH WEST ITALY - 4 REGIONS
 Liguria,
 Valle d’Aosta,
 Lombardia,
 Piemonte
CENTRAL ITALY – 6 REGIONS
 Emilia-Romagna
 Tuscany (Toscana)
 Marche
 Umbria
 Latium (Lazio)
 Abruzzo
ITALIAN WINE REGIONS –
NORTH EAST ITALY – 3 REGIONS
 Trentino Alto Adige
 Veneto
 Fruili-Venezia Giulia
SOUTHERN ITALY AND THE ISLANDS
 Campania
 Basilicata
 Puglia
 Calabria

42. 4.16 ITALY
NORTH WEST ITALY produces red, white and sparkling wines.
It divides into 4 regions
 Liguria
 Valle d’Aosta
 Lombardia
 Piemonte
MAIN WINE AREAS - Barolo, Barbaresco, Barbera d’Asti, Dolcetto d’Alba, Gavi
GRAPE VARIETIES - Nebbiolo grown in this North West Italian region is the finest red grape variety in
Italy. The Nebbiolo (meaning fog) is a late ripening grape. The best comes from around the town of
Alba (for example Barolo and Barbersco). Other popular grapes used for red wine production are
Barbera and Dolcetto. The Italian word dolcetto means "little sweet one“.
Pinot Grigio this is the biggest grape variety in the North West Italy.
The sparkling wine Asti Spumante(South- Eastern Piedmont ) is made from the Moscato grape

43. 4.16 ITALY
PIEDMONT (11% DOC PRODUCTION)
The majority of the region's winemaking (about 90%) takes place in the southern part of Piedmont
around the towns of Alba (in Cuneo), Asti and Alessandria.
KEY WINES -
 Barolo- Cuneo
 Barberesco- Cuneo
 Langhe - Cuneo
 Asti - Asti
 Gavi – Alessandria
 Gattinara
 Dolcetto
 Barbera d'Asti

44. 4.16 ITALY
PIEDMONT (11% DOC PRODUCTION)
RED VARIETALS -
 NEBBIOLO -
While the production of Nebbiolo wine is less than Barbera, it’s considered the greatest wine from
Piedmont.
Nebbiolo is a high tannin grape with red cherry, tar and rose flavors with clay-like terroir.
When you taste a Nebbiolo wine, you can feel the grippy tannin towards the front of your mouth.
At its best, a Piedmont Nebbiolo wine is enjoyed around the 10-15 year mark and has subtle notes of
spice, rose, cherry and fig.
There are many sub regions in Piedmont that make Nebbiolo wine and thus there are a few stylistic
differences to understand.
The Nebbiolo grape alone makes up 13 DOC or DOCG certified wines, and the differences between
one tiny town and the next are astounding.

45. 4.16 ITALY
PIEDMONT (11% DOC PRODUCTION)
 BARBERA -
Barbera is the most planted red grape variety in Piedmont and it’s a little less finicky than Nebbiolo.
Barbera wines from Piedmont are dark in color and taste of black cherry, anise, and dried herbs.
 DOLCETTO -
Dolcetto is a bit of a misnomer because the word means ‘little sweet one’: Dolcetto is neither sweet
nor ‘little’. The wines made with Dolcetto are very dark in color with flavors of blackberry, licorice and
tar. The wines are not known to age well because they have low acidity but offer plenty of mouth-
drying tannin. Many producers in Piedmont are starting to make Dolcetto in a fruit-forward style,
attempting to dial back some of the tannin and reveal loads of dark fruit, similar to Merlot.

46. 4.16 ITALY
PIEDMONT (11% DOC PRODUCTION)
 BRACHETTO -
Brachetto is a red Italian wine grape variety grown predominantly in the Piedmont region of
northwest Italy. At one time the grape was thought to be related to the French wine grape Braquet,
but recent thought among ampelographers is that the two are distinct varieties. In Italy’s region of
Piedmont the grape is somewhat more widespread: production mostly falling within an area of the
provinces of Asti and Alessandria between the rivers Bormida and Belbo plus various parts of the
province of Cuneo.

47. 4.16 ITALY
PIEDMONT (11% DOC PRODUCTION)
WHITE VARIETALS -
 MOSCATO BIANCO -
Most people don’t realize that Moscato d’Asti comes from the same region as Barolo.
Moscato Bianco is a very ancient grape with intense aromatics of roses, mandarin orange, cotton
candy and lychee. There are two main styles found in Piedmont:
 Asti Spumante - A fully bubbly sparkling (‘Spumante’) wine that’s sweet with about 9%
alcohol.
 Moscato d’Asti - A barely bubbly (‘Frizzante’) wine that’s very sweet with about 5% alcohol.

48. 4.16 ITALY
PIEDMONT (11% DOC PRODUCTION)
WHITE VARIETALS -
 CORTESE –
Perhaps more famous than the variety name of Cortese is the wine called ‘Gavi’ which is the name of
the town in the southeast part of Piedmont. Gavi wines are made in a dry style and are known for
their lemon-like citrus flavors and tingly acidity.
Cortese has the same mouth-zapping refreshing quality as some Pinot Grigio and Chablis wines.
 ARNEIS -
The white wine of Roero DOCG, Arneis is a medium-bodied wine that often has bitter almond notes
on the finish. The wines are fresh and grassy and somewhat similar to the Sauvignon Blanc in white
Bordeaux.

49. 4.16 ITALY
PIEDMONT (11% DOC PRODUCTION)

50. 4.16 ITALY
PIEDMONT (11% DOC PRODUCTION)
 BAROLO - is located southwest of the city of Alba in the Apennines.
The only vineyards with Barolo DOCG status are on the southern facing hills.
While the colour of the wine is a pale brick red, it has a bold mouth feel with rigid tannin and slightly
higher alcohol content (13% minimum).
The wines of Barolo are aged for at least 18 months in barrel and are released after a total of 3+ years.
◦Tip Riserva level Barolo are aged for a minimum of 5 years.
◦Tip Vigna on a label indicates a single vineyard wine.
◦Tip The older the better; look for Barolo of 10+ years.

51. 4.16 ITALY
PIEDMONT (11% DOC PRODUCTION)
 BARBARESCO - is located northeast of the city of Alba in the Apennines.
Just like in Barolo, Barbaresco awards DOCG status to vineyards on the best south-facing slopes.
BARBARESCO VS. BAROLO
There are two main differences. The soils in Barbaresco are mostly limestone-based soils, which
means less tannin. The climate has less of a diurnal shift which produces grapes that ripen sooner but
have thinner skins. This means Barbaresco tend to have less tannin, color, and phenolics (a.k.a. aroma
compounds). Thus, Barbaresco wines are usually lighter tasting and less tannic than Barolo.

52. 4.16 ITALY
PIEDMONT (11% DOC PRODUCTION)
 LANGHE - The Langhe is a hilly area to the south and east of the river Tanaro in the province of
Cuneo in Piedmont, northern Italy. It is famous for its wines, cheeses, and truffles—particularly
the white truffles of Alba.

53. TOP 25 WINES
Sr. No Wine Name Grape Popularity
1 Giacomo Conterno Monfortino, Barolo Riserva DOCG, Italy Nebbiolo 90th
2 Gaja Barbaresco DOCG, Piedmont, Italy Nebbiolo 102nd
3 Bartolo Mascarello Barolo DOCG, Piedmont, Italy Nebbiolo 109th
4 Giacomo Conterno Francia Barolo DOCG, Piedmont, Italy Nebbiolo 167th
5 Produttori del Barbaresco 'Barbaresco DOCG', Piedmont, Italy Nebbiolo 211
st
6 Gaja Sperss Langhe, Piedmont, Italy Nebbiolo 213
rd
7 Giuseppe Mascarello e Figlio Monprivato, Barolo DOCG, Italy Nebbiolo 217th
8 Giuseppe Rinaldi 'Brunate-Le Coste', Barolo DOCG, Italy Nebbiolo 244th
9 Luciano Sandrone Cannubi Boschis, Barolo DOCG, Italy Nebbiolo 279th
10 Giacomo Borgogno & Figli Barolo Riserva DOCG, Piedmont, Italy Nebbiolo 344th
11 Falletto di Bruno Giacosa 'Le Rocche del Falletto', Barolo DOCG, Italy Nebbiolo 356
th
12 Luciano Sandrone Le Vigne, Barolo DOCG, Italy Nebbiolo 384
th
13 Falletto di Bruno Giacosa 'Falletto', Barolo DOCG, Italy Nebbiolo 388
th
14 Gaja Sori San Lorenzo Langhe-Barbaresco, Piedmont, Italy Nebbiolo 395th
15 Marchesi di Barolo 'Barolo' DOCG, Piedmont, Italy Nebbiolo 399th
16 Pio Cesare Barolo DOCG, Piedmont, Italy Nebbiolo 404th
17 Gaja Sori Tildin Langhe-Barbaresco, Piedmont, Italy Nebbiolo 498th
18 Gaja Dagromis, Barolo DOCG, Italy Nebbiolo 504
th
19 Gaja Costa Russi Langhe-Barbaresco, Piedmont, Italy Nebbiolo 529
th
20 Poderi Aldo Conterno Granbussia, Barolo Riserva DOCG, Italy Nebbiolo 557th
21 Falletto di Bruno Giacosa Asili Riserva, Barbaresco DOCG, Italy Nebbiolo 587th
22 Gaja Gaia & Rey Chardonnay Langhe, Piedmont, Italy Chardonnay 611st
23 Domenico Clerico Ciabot Mentin Ginestra, Barolo DOCG, Italy Nebbiolo 621st
24 Bruno Giacosa Albesani Santo Stefano, Barbaresco DOCG, Italy Nebbiolo 645
th
25 Paolo Scavino Bric del Fiasc, Barolo DOCG, Italy Nebbiolo 675
th

54. 4.16 ITALY
NORTH EAST ITALY this region relies less on tradition and
embraces modern ideas.
It consists of 3 major zones;
 Trentino Alto Adige: Key DOC wines: Alto Adige (Schiava,
Lagrein, Riesling, Gewürztraminer, others) and Trentino
(Pinot Grigio, Teroldego).
 Veneto: Valpolicella DOC (Corvina, Rondinella, Molinara and
others), can range in style from light, cherry red to the rich Port
like Recioto and Amarone. Valpolicella DOC structure
 Fruili-Venezia Giulia: Key Wines: Fuili Grave DOC (Reds:
Refosco, Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, white:
Tocai Friulano, Pinot Gris).

55. 4.16 ITALY
VENETO (18% DOC PRODUCTION)
With the region of Veneto the following wines in order of their superiority must come to your mind.
 Bardolino
 Valpolicella
 Ripasso
 Amarone
 Prosecco
 Soave
Great red blends of Veneto are made with
 Corvina
 Rondinella
 Molinara (C.R.M).
For white wines, Garganega is the white grape that
makes Soave ('swah-vay').
Glera grapes used to make Prosecco

56. 4.16 ITALY
VENETO (18% DOC PRODUCTION)
AMARONE –
‘Amarone’ is traditionally made with the ‘Appassimento’ which is a traditional method used in the Venetian
regions to concentrate aromas and tastes in wine. The grapes are laid out on bamboo racks in drying lofts for
the winter period before vinification
The Appassimento lasts three months, but even more, according to the percentage of water contained in the
original grapes. It is in fact the water to “evaporate” from the grapes, leaving almost intact sugars. The most
obvious visible consequence of this phase, as well as the withering of the berries, is the loss of weight of the
bunch, which varies depending on the type of grapes from 30% to 35%.
PROSECCO -
‘Prosecco’ is an Italian white wine. Prosecco DOC can be spumante ("sparkling wine"), frizzante ("semi-
sparkling wine"), or tranquillo ("still wine"). It is made from Glera grapes, formerly known also as Prosecco,
but other grape varieties may be included. The following varieties are traditionally used with Glera up to a
maximum of 15% of the total: Verdiso, Bianchetta Trevigiana, Perera, Glera lunga, Chardonnay, Pinot Bianco,
Pinot Grigio and Pinot Nero

57. 4.16 ITALY
VENETO (18% DOC PRODUCTION)
RIPASSO –
In the late 20th century, a new style of wine known as ripasso (meaning "repassed") emerged. With
this technique, the pomace of leftover grape skins and seeds from the fermentation of Amarone are
added to the batch of Valpolicella wines for a period of extended maceration. The additional food
source for the remaining fermenting yeast helps boost the alcohol level and body of the wines while
also leaching additional tannins, glycerine and some phenolic compounds that contribute to a wine's
complexity, flavor and color. As the production of Amarone has increased in the 21st century, so too
has the prevalence of ripasso style wines appearing in the wine market, with most Amarone
producers also producing a ripasso as a type of "second wine". An alternative method is to use
partially dried grapes, instead of leftover pomace, which contain less bitter tannins and even more
phenolic compounds.
The first Valpolicella producer to commercially market a ripasso wine was Masi in the early 1980s.

58. 4.16 ITALY
VENETO (18% DOC PRODUCTION)

59. TOP 25 WINES
Sr. No
Wine Name Grape Popularity
1 Giuseppe Quintarelli Amarone della Valpolicella Classico DOCG, Veneto, Italy Valpolicella Blend 193rd
2 Bertani Amarone della Valpolicella Classico DOCG, Veneto, Italy Valpolicella Blend 203rd
3 Masi Costasera, Amarone della Valpolicella Classico DOCG, Italy Valpolicella Blend 246th
4 Dal Forno Romano Vigneto Monte Lodoletta, Amarone della Valpolicella DOCG, Italy Valpolicella Blend 281st
5 Allegrini Amarone della Valpolicella Classico DOCG, Veneto, Italy Valpolicella Blend 293rd
6 Tommasi Amarone della Valpolicella Classico DOCG, Veneto, Italy Valpolicella Blend 368
th
7 Dal Forno Romano Vigneto Monte Lodoletta Valpolicella Superiore, Veneto, Italy Valpolicella Blend 523
rd
8 Giuseppe Quintarelli Valpolicella Classico Superiore, Veneto, Italy Valpolicella Blend 566
th
9 La Marca Prosecco, Veneto, Italy Glera (Prosecco) 600th
10 Giuseppe Quintarelli Amarone della Valpolicella Classico Riserva DOCG, Veneto, Italy Valpolicella Blend 690th
11 Zenato Amarone della Valpolicella Classico DOCG, Veneto, Italy Valpolicella Blend 809th
12 Allegrini Palazzo della Torre Veronese IGT, Veneto, Italy Corvina 868th
13 Masi Campofiorin Rosso del Veronese IGT, Veneto, Italy Valpolicella Blend 911st
14 Barbieri 'Aperol' Aperitivo Liqueur, Veneto, Italy Liqueur - Fruit 915
th
15 Ramona Singer Pinot Grigio delle Venezie IGT, Italy Pinot Grigio 961
st
16 Gerardo Cesari Amarone della Valpolicella Classico DOCG, Veneto, Italy Valpolicella Blend 1,049
th
17 Giuseppe Quintarelli 'Alzero' Cabernet Veneto IGT, Italy Cabernet Franc 1,098th
18 Speri Vigneto Monte Sant'Urbano, Amarone della Valpolicella Classico DOCG, Italy Valpolicella Blend 1,195th
19 Zenato Ripassa Valpolicella Superiore, Veneto, Italy Valpolicella Blend 1,268th
20 Mionetto Prestige Collection Prosecco di Treviso Brut, Veneto, Italy Glera (Prosecco) 1,415th
21 Masi Serego Alighieri Vaio Armaron, Amarone della Valpolicella Classico DOCG, Italy Valpolicella Blend 1,485th
22 Zonin Cuvee 1821 Prosecco Spumante Brut, Veneto, Italy Glera (Prosecco) 1,560
th
23 Distilleria Bottega 'Gold' Prosecco Brut, Veneto, Italy Glera (Prosecco) 1,749
th
24 Bertoldi Gran Passione Rosso Veneto IGT, Veneto, Italy Rare Red Blend 1,759
th
25 Zenato 'Sergio Zenato' Amarone della Valpolicella Classico Riserva DOCG, Veneto, Italy Valpolicella Blend 1,884th

60. CENTRAL ITALY
 Emilia-Romagna: (Bolognese sauces, Parma ham, Parmesan cheese and balsamic vinegar). Key wines
Lambrusco di Sorbara DOC, and Lambrusco Grasparossa di Castelvetro DOC. Both are trained on high trellis
to maintain acidity, around Modena.
 Tuscany (Toscana) : Six DOCG areas, home of the famous ‘Super Tuscans’ and Chianti wines. Key Wines:
Chianti Classico / Ruffina / Colli Senesi DOCG (Sangiovese), Chianti, Brunello di Montalcino DOCG, Vino
Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG most expensive wine in Northern Italy, Vernaccia di San Gimignano DOCG,
Toscana IGT.
 Marche: sold in green, amphora elongated curved bottles. Key wines: Verdicchio dei Castelli di Jesi
(white:Verdicchio),Rosso Conero (red: Montepulciano and Sangiovese), a good red wine, full bodied, deep
coloured and low in tannins.
 Umbria: known for its white wines of Orvieto, tuffeau soils here,. Key wines: Orvieto DOC (Trebbiano,
Grechetto, Malvasia, Verdello),
 Latium (Lazio): mainly white wines here, Frascati DOC is the best known (Trebbiano Toscano, Malvasis di
Candia, Malvasia del Lazio, Greco),
 Abruzzo: on the east coast behind the knee of Italy, two major DOC Montepulciano d’Abruzzo DOC for red
wines, Trebbiano d’Abruzzo DOC for white wines.
4.16 ITALY

61. 4.16 ITALY
TUSCANY (17% DOC PRODUCTION)
Tuscany is home to the Chianti
region which is the most famous region
for Sangiovese.
For white wines in this region, keep in
mind that Trebbiano is Italy's most
produced white grape
KEY REGIONS:
 Chianti
 Montalcino
 Montepulciano.
 Bolgheri

62. 4.16 ITALY
TUSCANY (17% DOC PRODUCTION)
CHIANTI -
There are seven sub zones within Tuscany
that can call their wine Chianti
 Colli Aretini
 Colli Senesi
 Colli Fiorentini
 Montalbano
 Colline Pisane
 Rufina
 Classico

63. 4.16 ITALY
TUSCANY (17% DOC PRODUCTION)
SUPER TUSCANS
This useful but unofficial term emerged in the 1970s, to describe a particular set of high-quality Tuscan wines
which were precluded from claiming DOC or DOCG status because they broke traditional Italian winemaking
norms (foreign grape varieties were used, and the wines were often matured in small, new oak barrels).
Several of these wines earned global recognition and astronomical price tags – hence 'Super Tuscan'.
Originally these wines had to be labeled as Vino da Tavola because they contravened the stringent,
tradition-focused DOC laws.
This situation ultimately led to the creation of the
IGT category, with its relatively relaxed production rules.

64. 4.16 ITALY
TUSCANY (17% DOC PRODUCTION)

65. 4.16 ITALY
TUSCANY (17% DOC PRODUCTION)
CHIANTI -
Since 1996, Chianti is permitted to include as little as 75% Sangiovese, a maximum of 10% Canaiolo, up to
10% of the white wine grapes Malvasia and Trebbiano and up to 15% of any other red wine grape grown in
the region, such as Cabernet Sauvignon. This variety of grapes and usage is one reason why Chianti can vary
widely from producer to producer. The use of white grapes in the blend could alter the style of Chianti by
softening the wines with a higher percentage of white grapes, typically indicating that the wine is meant to be
drunk younger and not aged for long. In general, Chianti Classicos are described as medium-bodied wines
with firm, dry tannins. The characteristic aroma is cherry but it can also carry nutty and floral notes as well.
In 2006, the use of white grapes Trebbiano and Malvasia was prohibited (except in Chianti Colli Senesi until
the 2015 vintage). Local laws also require wines to have a minimum of 70% Sangiovese (and 80% for the more
prestigious Chianti Classico DOCG). The native varieties Canaiolo and Colorino are also permitted, as are the
classics Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot to a limited degree.

66. 4.16 ITALY
TUSCANY (17% DOC PRODUCTION)

67. 4.16 ITALY
TUSCANY (17% DOC PRODUCTION)
BRUNELLO DI MONTALCINO –
Brunello is the name of the local Sangiovese variety that is grown around the village of Montalcino. Located
south of the Chianti Classico zone, the Montalcino range is drier and warmer than Chianti.
The Brunello variety of Sangiovese seems to flourish in this terroir, ripening easily and consistently producing
wines of deep color, extract, richness with full bodies and good balance of tannins.
Brunello di Montalcino wines are required to be aged for at least four years prior to being released, with
Riserva wines needing five years. Brunellos tend to be very tight and tannic in their youth, needing at least a
decade or two before they start to soften with wines from excellent vintages having the potential to do well
past 50 years. In 1984, the Montalcino region was granted the DOC designation of Rosso di Montalcino. Often
called "Baby Brunellos", these wines are typically made from the same grapes, vineyards and style as the
regular Brunello di Montalcino but are not aged as long.

68. 4.16 ITALY
TUSCANY (17% DOC PRODUCTION)
VINO NOBILE DI MONTEPULCIANO –
The Vino Nobile di Montepulciano received its DOCG status shortly after Brunello di Montalcino, in 1980. The
DOCG covers the red wine of the Montepulciano area. The wine received its name in the 17th century, when
it was the favorite wine of the Tuscan nobility. Located in the south-eastern region of Tuscany, the climate of
the region is strongly influenced by the sea. The variety of Sangiovese in Montepulciano is known as Prugnolo
Gentile and is required to account for at least 80% of the wine. Traditionally Canaiolo and Mammolo make up
the remaining part of the blend but some producers have begun to experiment with Cabernet Sauvignon and
Merlot.
The wines are required to age two years prior to release, with an additional year if it is to be a Riserva. The
recent use of French oak barrels has increased the body and intensity of the wines which are noted for their
plummy fruit, almond notes and smooth tannins.

69. TOP 25 WINES
Sr. No Wine Name Grape Popularity
1 Tenuta San Guido Sassicaia Bolgheri, Tuscany, Italy Cabernet Franc - Cabernet Sauvignon 13th
2 Marchesi Antinori Tignanello Toscana IGT, Tuscany, Italy Cabernet - Sangiovese 27th
3 Ornellaia Bolgheri Superiore, Tuscany, Italy Bordeaux Blend Red 36th
4 Masseto Toscana IGT, Tuscany, Italy Merlot 44th
5 Marchesi Antinori Solaia Toscana IGT, Tuscany, Italy Cabernet - Sangiovese 68
th
6 Fontodi Flaccianello della Pieve Colli della Toscana Centrale IGT, Tuscany, Italy Sangiovese 127
th
7 Il Poggione Brunello di Montalcino DOCG, Tuscany, Italy Sangiovese 133rd
8 Biondi Santi Tenuta Greppo Annata, Brunello di Montalcino DOCG, Italy Sangiovese 138th
9 Castello Banfi Brunello di Montalcino DOCG, Tuscany, Italy Sangiovese 151st
10 Casanova di Neri Tenuta Nuova, Brunello di Montalcino DOCG, Italy Sangiovese 192nd
11 Montevertine Le Pergole Torte Toscana IGT, Tuscany, Italy Sangiovese 200
th
12 Biondi Santi Tenuta Greppo Riserva, Brunello di Montalcino DOCG, Italy Sangiovese 204
th
13 Case Basse di Gianfranco Soldera Toscana IGP - Brunello Riserva DOCG, Italy Sangiovese 209
th
14 Fattoria Le Pupille Elisabetta Geppetti 'Saffredi' Maremma Toscana, Tuscany, Italy Cabernet Sauvignon - Merlot 234th
15 Marchesi Antinori Tenuta Guado al Tasso Bolgheri Superiore, Tuscany, Italy Cabernet - Merlot - Syrah 239th
16 Marchesi de Frescobaldi Castelgiocondo, Brunello di Montalcino DOCG, Italy Sangiovese 255th
17 Tua Rita Redigaffi Toscana IGT, Tuscany, Italy Merlot 289th
18 Ruffino Riserva Ducale, Chianti Classico Riserva DOCG, Italy Sangiovese 313
rd
19 Casanova di Neri Cerretalto, Brunello di Montalcino DOCG, Italy Sangiovese 315
th
20 Ornellaia 'Le Serre Nuove dell'Ornellaia' Bolgheri Rosso, Tuscany, Italy Bordeaux Blend Red 324th
21 Tenuta Sette Ponti Podere Orma 'Orma' Bolgheri, Tuscany, Italy Bordeaux Blend Red 333rd
22 Luce della Vite 'Luce' Toscana IGT, Tuscany, Italy Merlot - Sangiovese 353rd
23 Valdicava Brunello di Montalcino DOCG, Tuscany, Italy Sangiovese 357th
24 Tenuta San Guido 'Guidalberto' Toscana IGT, Tuscany, Italy Cabernet Sauvignon - Merlot 357
th
25 Tenuta Sette Ponti Oreno Toscana IGT, Tuscany, Italy Cabernet - Merlot - Sangiovese 365
th

70. 4.16 ITALY
ABRUZZO (7% DOC PRODUCTION)
Montepulciano is the primary red grape in Abruzzo and the wines are called Montepulciano
d'Abruzzo. This is a bit confusing because there is also a Vino Nobile di Montepulciano which is a wine
from Tuscany made with Sangiovese. Montepulciano (the grape) makes a dark rich wine with high
tannins and an herbaceous character and is similar to Cabernet Sauvignon.

72. IDENTIFYING WINE
LABELS

73. IDENTIFY FRENCH WINE LABELS

74. IDENTIFY FRENCH WINE LABELS

75. IDENTIFY FRENCH WINE LABELS

76. IDENTIFY FRENCH WINE LABELS

77. IDENTIFY FRENCH WINE LABELS

78. IDENTIFY FRENCH WINE LABELS

79. IDENTIFY FRENCH WINE LABELS

80. IDENTIFY FRENCH WINE LABELS

81. IDENTIFY FRENCH WINE LABELS

82. IDENTIFY FRENCH WINE LABELS

83. IDENTIFY FRENCH WINE LABELS

84. IDENTIFY FRENCH WINE LABELS

85. IDENTIFY ITALIAN WINE LABELS

86. IDENTIFY ITALIAN WINE LABELS

87. IDENTIFY ITALIAN WINE LABELS

88. IDENTIFY ITALIAN WINE LABELS

89. IDENTIFY ITALIAN WINE LABELS

90. IDENTIFY ITALIAN WINE LABELS

91. IDENTIFY ITALIAN WINE LABELS

92. IDENTIFY ITALIAN WINE LABELS