Diana Fitzsimons, International Federation for Housing and Planninginsam
Market forces, democratic processes and urban planning
Innlederen reflekterer over sammenhengen mellom markedssvingninger, demokrati og hvordan byplanleggere
arbeider. Basert på erfaringer fra utvikling og planlegging av byer i hele Europa settes fokus på den nye rollen for byplanlegging og byplanleggere i utforming av de nye byene.
Diana Fitzsimons, International Federation for Housing and Planninginsam
Market forces, democratic processes and urban planning
Innlederen reflekterer over sammenhengen mellom markedssvingninger, demokrati og hvordan byplanleggere
arbeider. Basert på erfaringer fra utvikling og planlegging av byer i hele Europa settes fokus på den nye rollen for byplanlegging og byplanleggere i utforming av de nye byene.
Chapter 4Folk and Popular CultureCulture and Custo.docxrobertad6
Chapter 4
Folk and Popular Culture
Culture and Customs
• People living in other
locations often have
extremely different
social customs.
• Geographers ask why
such differences exist
and how social customs
are related to the
cultural landscape.
Folk and Popular Culture
• The Key Issues are:
1. Where do folk and
popular cultures originate
and diffuse?
2. Why is folk culture
clustered?
3. Why is popular culture
widely distributed?
4. Why does globalization of
popular culture cause
problems?
Material Culture
Material artifacts of
culture are the visible
objects that a group
possesses and leaves
behind for the future.
• Here we look at two
facets of material
culture.
1) Survival activities.
2) Leisure activities
• The arts
• Recreation.
Material Culture Defined
• Culture can be
distinguished from habit
and custom.
– A habit is a repetitive act
that a particular individual
performs.
– A custom is a repetitive act
of a group.
• A collection of social
customs produces a
group’s material culture.
Folk vs. Popular Culture
• Folk culture is
traditionally practiced
primarily by small,
homogeneous groups
living in isolated rural
areas.
• Popular culture is found
in large, heterogeneous
societies.
Folk vs. Popular Culture Continued
• Landscapes dominated by a
collection of folk customs
change relatively little over
time.
• In contrast, popular culture
is based on rapid
simultaneous global
connections.
• Thus, folk culture is more
likely to vary from place to
place at a given time,
whereas popular culture is
more likely to vary from
time to time at a given
place.
Effects of Popular Culture
• In Earth’s globalization, popular
culture is becoming more
dominant, threatening the
survival of unique folk cultures.
• The disappearance of local folk
customs reduces local diversity
in the world and the intellectual
stimulation that arises from
differences in background.
• The dominance of popular
culture can also threaten the
quality of the environment.
Issue 1: Origins and Diffusion of
Folk and Popular Cultures
• Origin of folk and popular cultures
– Origin of folk music
– Origin of popular music
• Diffusion of folk and popular cultures
– The Amish: Relocation diffusion of folk culture
– Sports: Hierarchical diffusion of popular culture
Origin of Folk and Popular Cultures
• A social custom originates at a
hearth, a center of innovation.
• Folk customs often have
anonymous hearths.
• They may also have multiple
hearths.
• Popular culture is most often a
product of the economically
more developed countries.
• Industrial technology permits
the uniform reproduction of
objects in large quantities.
Folk Music
• Music exemplifies the
differences in the origins of
folk and popular culture.
• Folk songs tell a story or
convey information about
daily activities such as
farming, life-cycle events
(birth, death, and
marri.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
MARUTI SUZUKI- A Successful Joint Venture in India.pptx
Francophone countries
1. Fr a nc ophone
Co u n t r i e s
Presentation By:
Akshay Chopra (2005)
Jatin Mittal (2021)
Kartik Choudhary (2051)
Shravika Khandelwal (2304)
Pallavi Mandal (2269)
2. Re p u b l i c
Motto:f God We a n u a t u
o 'InDivided into three major cultural regions.
V Stand'
Culture:
•In the north, wealth is established by how much one
can give away.
•In the centre, more traditional Melanesian cultural
systems dominate.
•In the south, a system involving grants of title with
associated privileges has developed
Pigs, particularly those with rounded tusk, are
considered a symbol of wealth.
Musical Instruments: consist mostly of idiophones:
drums of various shape and size
Religion: Christianity is the predominant religion in
Vanuatu.
Cuisine: Incorporates Fish and Root Vegetables
majorly - Most food is cooked using hot stones or
through boiling and steaming; very little food is fried.
2
FRANCOPHONE COUNTRIES
Capital: Port Villa
Population: 224,564
Gained Independence
from France & UK in 1980
3. D e mo c r a t i c
Re p u b l i c o f
Co n g o
•Ethinic Groups:
Kongo 48%, Sangha 20%, M’Bochi 12%,
Teke 17%, Europeans and other 3%.
•Religion: Catholic 50.5%, Protestant
40.2%, Muslim 1.3%, Animism 2.2%
Baha'i 0.4%, other 2.2%
•One of the country's most famous and
imposing landmarks, Nyiragongo is a live
volcano that is situated on the eastern
border of the Democratic Republic of the
Congo.
3
FRANCOPHONE COUNTRIES
Capital: Brazzaville
Population: 4,366,266
Gained independence
from France on August
15, 1960.
4. L a o P e o p l e 's
D e mo c r a t i c
Re p u b l i c
4
•Ethnic Group: 55% Lao, 11% Khmu, 8%
Hmong, 26% others
•Of the people of Laos 67% are Theravada
Buddhist, 1.5% are Christian, and 31.5%
are other or unspecified
•One of the most charming cities in southeast Asia, Luang Prabang is the most
popular tourist attraction in Laos. A
collection of golden-roofed
temples, wooden houses and crumbling
French provincial buildings fill the main
roads. At dawn, monks from the various
monasteries walk through the streets
FRANCOPHONE COUNTRIES
collecting alms of rice.
Capital: Vientiane
Population: 6,500,000
Gained Independence
from France on 22nd
October,
5. Wa l l o n i a
•Known as Wallonie in French.
•Predominantly French-Speaking southern region
of Belgium.
•It is governed as the Walloon Region which
makes up 55% of the territory of Belgium.
•Borders with Flanders & Netherland in the
North, France in south & west, and Germany&
Luxembourg to the east.
•Georges Lemaitre, a Wallonia citizen, is
credited with proposing the Big Bang Theory of
the origin of the universe in 1927.
•Wallonia has about 3,350 properties listed as
monuments, sites, architectural complexes or
archaeological sites, of which over 150 are
recognized by the Region as exceptional
heritage.
5
FRANCOPHONE COUNTRIES
Capital: Namur
Population: 3,546,329
Celebrate every 3rd
Sunday of September
as the Celebration Day.
6. Ao s t a
V smallest, leaste y and
a l l populous,
• It is the
densely populated region of Italy.
• Adopted French as official language in
1536, three years before France itself.
• Home to the highest elevated vineyards
in all of Europe.
• Tourism is one of the strongest points of
the region’s economy. The valley’s
natural beauty, its peaceful atmosphere in
summer and snow in winter have allowed
the development of a flourishing tourism
industry centered on winter sports.
6
FRANCOPHONE COUNTRIES
Capital: Aosta
Population: 126,933
95% population is
Italian.