https://www.zdnet.com/article/francis-dacosta-rethinks-the-internet-of-things/ and see
https://thefrugalnetworker.files.wordpress.com/2014/05/francis_dacosta_rethinking_the_internet_of_things.mp3
Consumidores Digitais: The Executive's Guide to the Internet of Things (ZD Net)Consumidores Digitais
A Internet das Coisas, ou Machine-to-Machine (M2M), é um dos temas mais atuais na tecnologia. Neste guia está o que os líderes empresariais precisam saber para potencializar seus benefícios.
Small, Dumb, ¬¬Cheap, and Copious – the Future of the Internet of Things,
Abstract
Over the next decade, billions of interconnected devices will be monitoring and responding to transportation systems, factories, farms, forests, utilities, soil and weather conditions, oceans, and other resources.
The unique characteristic that the majority of these otherwise incredibly diverse Internet of Things (IOT) devices will share is that they will be too small, too dumb, too cheap, and too copious to use traditional networking protocols such as IPv6.
For the same reasons, this tidal wave of IOT devices cannot be controlled by existing operational techniques and tools. Instead, lessons from Nature’s massive scale will guide a new architecture for the IOT.
Taking cues from Nature, and in collaboration with our OEM licensees, MeshDynamics is extending concepts outlined in the book “Rethinking the Internet of Things” to real-world problems of supporting “smart: secure and scalable” IOT Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communities at the edge.
Simple devices, speaking simply
Today companies view the IOT as an extension of current networking protocols and practices. But those on the front lines of the Industrial Internet of Things are seeing problems already:
“While much of the ink spilled today is about evolutionary improvements using modern IT technologies to address traditional operational technology concerns, the real business impact will be to expand our horizon of addressable concerns. Traditional operational technology has focused on process correctness and safety; traditional IT has focused on time to market and, as a recent concern, security. Both disciplines have developed in a world of relative scarcity, with perhaps hundreds of devices interconnected to perform specific tasks. The future, however, points toward billions of devices and tasks that change by the millisecond under autonomous control, and are so distributed they cannot be tracked by any individual. Our existing processes for ensuring safety, security and management break down when faced with such scale. Stimulating the redevelopment of our technologies for this new world is a focal point for the Industrial Internet Consortium.”
Consumidores Digitais: The Executive's Guide to the Internet of Things (ZD Net)Consumidores Digitais
A Internet das Coisas, ou Machine-to-Machine (M2M), é um dos temas mais atuais na tecnologia. Neste guia está o que os líderes empresariais precisam saber para potencializar seus benefícios.
Small, Dumb, ¬¬Cheap, and Copious – the Future of the Internet of Things,
Abstract
Over the next decade, billions of interconnected devices will be monitoring and responding to transportation systems, factories, farms, forests, utilities, soil and weather conditions, oceans, and other resources.
The unique characteristic that the majority of these otherwise incredibly diverse Internet of Things (IOT) devices will share is that they will be too small, too dumb, too cheap, and too copious to use traditional networking protocols such as IPv6.
For the same reasons, this tidal wave of IOT devices cannot be controlled by existing operational techniques and tools. Instead, lessons from Nature’s massive scale will guide a new architecture for the IOT.
Taking cues from Nature, and in collaboration with our OEM licensees, MeshDynamics is extending concepts outlined in the book “Rethinking the Internet of Things” to real-world problems of supporting “smart: secure and scalable” IOT Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communities at the edge.
Simple devices, speaking simply
Today companies view the IOT as an extension of current networking protocols and practices. But those on the front lines of the Industrial Internet of Things are seeing problems already:
“While much of the ink spilled today is about evolutionary improvements using modern IT technologies to address traditional operational technology concerns, the real business impact will be to expand our horizon of addressable concerns. Traditional operational technology has focused on process correctness and safety; traditional IT has focused on time to market and, as a recent concern, security. Both disciplines have developed in a world of relative scarcity, with perhaps hundreds of devices interconnected to perform specific tasks. The future, however, points toward billions of devices and tasks that change by the millisecond under autonomous control, and are so distributed they cannot be tracked by any individual. Our existing processes for ensuring safety, security and management break down when faced with such scale. Stimulating the redevelopment of our technologies for this new world is a focal point for the Industrial Internet Consortium.”
The Internet of Things (IoT) can be a network of connected convenience but this should not come at the expense of safeguarding your privacy and the personal data that connected devices collect and share.
The Internet of Things: We've Got to ChatDuo Security
BSides SF, February 2014: http://www.securitybsides.com/w/page/70849271/BSidesSF2014
Duo's Zach Lanier (@quine) & Mark Stanislav (@markstanislav) on IoT (Internet of Things) security, announcing http://BuildItSecure.ly
Analytical Study on Network Security Breach’sijtsrd
Throughout the previous few years, Computer systems were principally utilized by association for correspondence between various divisions. Under these conditions security was not a significant concern and it didnt get part of consideration. Be that as it may, presently, there is an extraordinary effect of between organize job in every single residents life, from Banking – Hospitals Education Transportation and so forth. However, presently arrange has sprouted different security concerns. In any case, presently with the expanding utilization of Computer in everyday action there is a serious requirement for robotized devices for securing touchy information and data put away on the Computer. Especially for the situation for a mutual framework, for example, time sharing framework and where the need is significantly increasingly intense for frameworks that is available for an open phone or an information organize. The standard name for the assortment of devices to ensure information and to forestall Hackers is Computer Security . This proposition talk about and depicts spoofing , which is if an aggressor can tune in for a customers ask for and imitate an answer before the genuine location server can, at that point the customer will utilize the data gave by the hacker. This is known as spoofing. Siddiqui Sana Afreen "Analytical Study on Network Security Breach’s" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30403.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/30403/analytical-study-on-network-security-breach%E2%80%99s/siddiqui-sana-afreen
Chirp_Primer_Slides:ULtra Low Power Edge ConnectivityMeshDynamics
The only systems on earth that have ever scaled to the size & scope of the Internet of things are natural systems: pollen distribution, ant colonies, redwoods, and so on. This proposal outlines how Massive IoT may be achieved by rethinking last mile connectivity. Today’s last mile is crippled by proprietary transport protocols, not sustainable. EdgeCloud thinking focused on smarts at the radio end to manage collision avoidance by segmenting collision domains in RF space (channel diversity) and time (time reservation slots). Current IoT Radios have to be “smart” because they use phones and computers as carrier pigeons to connect. These devices, intended for humans are rechargeable and thus not energy constrained. They can afford power hungry communication protocols. In order to communicate, the IoT edge devices must then also confirm to protocols and RF channels supported – or provide private networks.
Conversely, in Cloud->Edge thinking, we let Clouds manage ant-like reprogrammable intelligence – purpose driven, minimal processing and thus low power usage and cheap. A 433 MHz wireless modem costs $0.10. A WiFi and Bluetooth wireless chipset costs $20. Also CSMA/CA protocols are inherently inefficient and insecure without “heavy” encryption on top of a heavy protocol. An IP header is 40 bytes vs. 1-2 bytes for Chirp headers. Chirp protocols and their minimal hardware cleanly cut through all Gordian knots in Fig. above. The Edge can be small dumb cheap and copious. Think sensor grids for forest fires, air and ocean pollution..Key Points addressed in this presentation relate to “CloudEdge” thinking. A. Global-Scale “Edge” challenges are: simplicity, cost, energy & (as always) security. B. Chirpers don’t need heavy OSI stack -> minimal power and cost for connectivity. C. Software Driven Mesh for the Edge -> Moves Chirping Edge Intelligence to Cloud. D. Trusted walled gardens become globally relevant through our imprinted chipsets. E. Massive IoT – burgeons with Cloud messaging and AI Globally Relevant Solutions.Please see Chirp_Primer - intended as a prelude for these slides - for more. Thank you for your consideration. Your feedback is welcomed. Francis daCosta Jan 2024.
Over the past decade, Meshdynamics has supplied customized versions of our mesh networking software to OEMs that include multiple military contractors, industrial mining solution providers and industrial network equipment manufacturers.
The core mesh software was ported to run on boards (processors) and radios of the customer's choosing. Meshdynamics system integrators, working directly with the OEM licensee, developed the finished product. The intellectual property and trade secrets related to their new or upgraded products was thus preserved.
Post 2014, Meshdynamics developed a generic, customizable suite of software modules to accelerate time to market for OEMS requiring mesh network connectivity to be baked into their connected devices. The tools include simulation and test automation tools specific to mesh networking and working source code for exemplary board-radio ensembles.
The Internet of Things (IoT) can be a network of connected convenience but this should not come at the expense of safeguarding your privacy and the personal data that connected devices collect and share.
The Internet of Things: We've Got to ChatDuo Security
BSides SF, February 2014: http://www.securitybsides.com/w/page/70849271/BSidesSF2014
Duo's Zach Lanier (@quine) & Mark Stanislav (@markstanislav) on IoT (Internet of Things) security, announcing http://BuildItSecure.ly
Analytical Study on Network Security Breach’sijtsrd
Throughout the previous few years, Computer systems were principally utilized by association for correspondence between various divisions. Under these conditions security was not a significant concern and it didnt get part of consideration. Be that as it may, presently, there is an extraordinary effect of between organize job in every single residents life, from Banking – Hospitals Education Transportation and so forth. However, presently arrange has sprouted different security concerns. In any case, presently with the expanding utilization of Computer in everyday action there is a serious requirement for robotized devices for securing touchy information and data put away on the Computer. Especially for the situation for a mutual framework, for example, time sharing framework and where the need is significantly increasingly intense for frameworks that is available for an open phone or an information organize. The standard name for the assortment of devices to ensure information and to forestall Hackers is Computer Security . This proposition talk about and depicts spoofing , which is if an aggressor can tune in for a customers ask for and imitate an answer before the genuine location server can, at that point the customer will utilize the data gave by the hacker. This is known as spoofing. Siddiqui Sana Afreen "Analytical Study on Network Security Breach’s" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30403.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/30403/analytical-study-on-network-security-breach%E2%80%99s/siddiqui-sana-afreen
Chirp_Primer_Slides:ULtra Low Power Edge ConnectivityMeshDynamics
The only systems on earth that have ever scaled to the size & scope of the Internet of things are natural systems: pollen distribution, ant colonies, redwoods, and so on. This proposal outlines how Massive IoT may be achieved by rethinking last mile connectivity. Today’s last mile is crippled by proprietary transport protocols, not sustainable. EdgeCloud thinking focused on smarts at the radio end to manage collision avoidance by segmenting collision domains in RF space (channel diversity) and time (time reservation slots). Current IoT Radios have to be “smart” because they use phones and computers as carrier pigeons to connect. These devices, intended for humans are rechargeable and thus not energy constrained. They can afford power hungry communication protocols. In order to communicate, the IoT edge devices must then also confirm to protocols and RF channels supported – or provide private networks.
Conversely, in Cloud->Edge thinking, we let Clouds manage ant-like reprogrammable intelligence – purpose driven, minimal processing and thus low power usage and cheap. A 433 MHz wireless modem costs $0.10. A WiFi and Bluetooth wireless chipset costs $20. Also CSMA/CA protocols are inherently inefficient and insecure without “heavy” encryption on top of a heavy protocol. An IP header is 40 bytes vs. 1-2 bytes for Chirp headers. Chirp protocols and their minimal hardware cleanly cut through all Gordian knots in Fig. above. The Edge can be small dumb cheap and copious. Think sensor grids for forest fires, air and ocean pollution..Key Points addressed in this presentation relate to “CloudEdge” thinking. A. Global-Scale “Edge” challenges are: simplicity, cost, energy & (as always) security. B. Chirpers don’t need heavy OSI stack -> minimal power and cost for connectivity. C. Software Driven Mesh for the Edge -> Moves Chirping Edge Intelligence to Cloud. D. Trusted walled gardens become globally relevant through our imprinted chipsets. E. Massive IoT – burgeons with Cloud messaging and AI Globally Relevant Solutions.Please see Chirp_Primer - intended as a prelude for these slides - for more. Thank you for your consideration. Your feedback is welcomed. Francis daCosta Jan 2024.
Over the past decade, Meshdynamics has supplied customized versions of our mesh networking software to OEMs that include multiple military contractors, industrial mining solution providers and industrial network equipment manufacturers.
The core mesh software was ported to run on boards (processors) and radios of the customer's choosing. Meshdynamics system integrators, working directly with the OEM licensee, developed the finished product. The intellectual property and trade secrets related to their new or upgraded products was thus preserved.
Post 2014, Meshdynamics developed a generic, customizable suite of software modules to accelerate time to market for OEMS requiring mesh network connectivity to be baked into their connected devices. The tools include simulation and test automation tools specific to mesh networking and working source code for exemplary board-radio ensembles.
Towards Rapid Implementation of Adaptive Robotic SystemsMeshDynamics
Current automation design practice produces expensive one-of-a-kind installations where the system cannot be easily modified to
meet changing demands or advancements in technology. It is imperative that we design robot systems to be modular, portable and
easily re-configurable in order to reduce the design lead times and life cycle costs of providing automation alternatives.
The Unified Tele-robotics Architecture Program (UTAP) was developed under the sponsorship of the US Air Force Robotics and
Automation Center of Excellence. A goal of the program was to define and develop prototypes of commonly used software building
blocks for sensor guided real time embedded control of telerobotic devices. Standard building blocks and a non-proprietary
communication protocols would provide the Air Force and specifically the Logistic Centers with a support infrastructure designed to
rapidly and efficiently build and maintain mission critical automation systems.
An Integrated Prototyping Environment For Programmable AutomationMeshDynamics
We are implementing a rapid prototyping environment for robotic systems, based on tenets of modularity,
reconfigurability and extendibility that may help build robot systems "faster, better and cheaper". Given a task
specification, (e.g. repair brake assembly), the user browses through a library of building blocks that include both
hardware and software components. Software advisors or critics recommend how blocks may be "snapped" together to
speedily construct alternative ways to satisfy task requirements. Mechanisms to allow "swapping" competing modules
for comparative test and evaluation studies are also included in the prototyping environment. After some iterations, a
stable configuration or "wiring diagram" emerges. This customized version of the general prototyping environment still
contains all the hooks needed to incorporate future improvements in component technologies and to obviate unplanned obsolescence...
The Abstracted Network for Industrial Internet- SlidesMeshDynamics
Taking cues from Nature, MeshDynamics is extending concepts outlined in the book “Rethinking the Internet of Things” to address challenges in supporting robust, real time, secure, scalable, subscribable messaging for our OEM licensees and their applications in Military and Industrial Internet (IIOT). Unclassified Section of Presentation.
http://www.slideshare.net/DaCostaFrancis/the-abstracted-network-for-industrial-internet
The Abstracted Network for Industrial InternetMeshDynamics
Widespread adoption of TCI/IP protocols over the last two decades appears on the surface to have created a lingua franca for computer networking. And with the emergence of IPv6 removing the addressing restrictions of earlier versions, it would appear that now every device in the world may easily be connected with a common protocol.
But three emerging factors are requiring a fresh look at this worldview. The first is the coming wave of sensors, actuators, and devices making up the Internet of Things (IOT). Although not yet widely recognized, it is beginning to be understood that a majority of these devices will be too small, too cheap, too dumb, and too copious to run the hegemonic IPv6 protocol. Instead, much simpler protocols will predominate (see below), which must somehow be incorporated into the IP networks of Enterprises and the Internet.
At the other end of the scale from these tiny devices are huge Enterprise networks, increasing movingly to the cloud for computing and communication resources. An important requirement of these Enterprises is the capacity to manage, control, and tune their networks using a variety of Software Defined Networking (SDN) technologies and protocols. These depend on computing resource at the edges of the network to manage the interactions.
The third element is a conundrum presented by the first two: Enterprises will be struggling with the need to bring vast numbers of simple IOT devices into their networks. Though many of these devices will lack computing and protocol smarts, the requirement will still remain to manage everything via SDN. Along with this, many legacy Machine-to-Machine (M2M) networks (such as those on the factory floor) present the same challenges as the IOT: simple and/or proprietary protocols operating in operational silos today that Enterprises desire to manage and tune with SDN techniques.
MeshDynamics Internet of Things (IoT) initiatives are in partnership with the US Military agencies and our commercial OEM licensees.
Our embedded software runs on OpenWRT and MAC80211. Network processors supported, include Intel, Cavium, MIPS. OEM Customer applications, running on the routers, support real time, secure, M2M Machine control. Kernel level applications provide real time translation and encapsulation of Native Machine protocols and their transmitters (e.g. LED remote).
MeshDynamics routers thus support low power IoT "chirp" devices, see "Rethinking the Internet Of Things". [Slides] [Jolt Award]
Author Francis daCosta, previously founded Advanced Cybernetics Group, providing robot control system software for mission critical applications, including both local and supervisory real time M2M control. At MITRE, he served as an advisor to the United States Air Force Robotics and Automation Center of Excellence (RACE). Francis also held senior technical positions at Northrop Grumman, Ingersoll-Rand, Xerox. He has a MS from Stanford University and BS from Indian Institute of Technology.
Scale-able Internet of Things (Presented June 12015) MeshDynamics
Scalable, Mission Critical Mesh Networking for Internet of Things.that support resource constrained devices, operating with Native Machine protocols, rudimentary communications capabilities. These simpler devices communicate with trusted routers through custom interfaces (e.g. LED remote). Custom routers also run applications providing the processing needed for low cost devices connectivity. The framework supports dynamic, temporal and mobile mesh networking infrastructure for both IP and non IP based devices. Applications use local processing power for both analysis (e.g. deep packet inspection) and control (e.g Real time M2M control). OEM Licensees include the US Military.
The only systems on earth that have ever scaled to the size and scope of the Internet of Things are natural systems: pollen distribution, ant colonies, redwoods, and so on. From examining these natural systems, I developed the concept of the three-tiered IoT network architecture described in the book: simple end devices, networking specialist propagator nodes, and information-seeking integrator functions operating within an organically grown ecosystem
Open Source For Self Classification of Data Stream in the Internet Of Things. MeshDynamics
It is well understood that the Internet of Things represents unprecedented challenges of scope, with trillions of appliances, sensors, and actuators expected to be connected over the coming years. What is not yet appreciated is that current peer-to-peer networking schemes will be unable to create the kind of publish / discover / subscribe architectures that will be needed. Instead, a new type of self-classified data stream is needed, which can only be enabled by open-source collaborations in defining and implementing the emerging architecture of the IoT. Mr. daCosta will explore the implications of open source for end devices and networking equipment, as well as describing how even proprietary IoT data flows can help build an open source implementation.
Presented at IoTWorldEvent, June 16, 2014
MeshDynamics P3M Persistent and Dynamic Mesh NetworksMeshDynamics
MeshDynamics has enhanced its industry-leading MD4000 third generation WiFi wireless mesh nodes with new features offering better performance and reliability in mobile or mixed fixed/mobile environments. The new software, called Persistent 3rd-Generation Mesh (P3M) is intended for dynamic military, transportation, and public safety applications, as well as in critical applications such as mine safety.
In recent tests, the company demonstrated persistent high-throughput and low-delay and low-jitter networking as mobile wireless mesh nodes connected automatically with other mobile and fixed wireless mesh nodes. As some elements of the network moved out of WiFi range from other nodes, they automatically formed into separate independent networks, allowing communication to continue. When brought back into range, these network elements seamlessly reconnected with the rest of the network. All of this occurred without any operator intervention or reconfiguration and the process takes place in a fraction of a second.
MeshDynamics MD4000 nodes are already being used in tactical battlefield environments to transmit video, voice, and sensor data between moving armored vehicles. The new P3M features now allow for smaller groups that become separated from the main formation or column to maintain the same high performance among themselves while isolated, and then automatically rejoin the larger force when they again come into range.
The P3M features have also been proven in demanding underground mining environments, where possible cave-ins and other disasters may lead to a section of the network becoming isolated from the main portion of the network. With P3M technology, miners in the isolated sections may still communicate with one another, providing persistent Voice-over-IP and location capabilities and potentially speeding rescue.
Third-generation wireless mesh networking has always delivered higher performance in rooted environments than does traditional wireless mesh technology. This is primarily achieved through imposing a logical Structured MeshTM topology on the mesh network, with uplink and downlink paths minimizing turnaround and multiple radios optimizing performance. Typically, the "uplink" and "downlink" determinations have been made by the nodes themselves at network start-up, based on the location of the fixed fiber or copper connection to the Internet or enterprise backbone.
But the new P3M technology allows the nodes to structure the network dynamically, even if there is no fixed connection anywhere in the network or if the fixed connection is lost. Patent-pending route-finding algorithms permit the nodes to establish the optimal topology rapidly and to reconfigure quickly as nodes move in relation to one another and any fixed points. This allows for persistent high-performance networking, regardless of the topology formed by the mobile nodes.
MeshDynamics Mesh Networks - Video SurveillanceMeshDynamics
MeshDynamics provides the network infrastructure to make a fully distributed IP surveillance system possible for cameras, video servers, storage clusters, custom applications and remote viewing to be located in any location.
The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and SPAWAR engineers selected MeshDynamics Wi-Fi mesh nodes to provide remote video surveillance for stationary and vehicle mounted cameras along the US national border. IP cameras are connected to the MeshDynamics MD4000 mesh nodes transmitting high resolution real time video over the mesh network to the base station video monitors. Live video feeds from the IP based cameras is also available via the MeshDynamics mesh network to patrol vehicles with wireless access. Mobile nodes mounted in security forces vehicles join the network dynamically and while in motion. Service radios in the vehicles provide connectivity for staff in vehicles and operating nearby. In similar applications, UK, Israeli and Canadian defense agencies have also selected MeshDynamics for wireless video surveillance applications in those countries
Installing and Troubleshooting MeshDynamics Wireless Mesh Networks. Guidelines on network deployment, antenna selection, range calculations etc. See also MeshDynamics Layout Design and Best Practices Presentations.
MeshDynamics Mesh Networks- High Level OverviewMeshDynamics
MeshDynamics Third Generation Mesh Architecture: Earlier-generation mesh networking products perform poorly in multi-hop (node-to-node relay) environments. MeshDynamics' patented low latency multiple radio wireless mesh preserves high performance [over multiple hops] that's been available only in wired networks until today.
Military, Defense and Public Safety Mesh Networks [MeshDynamics]MeshDynamics
Modern warfare is network centric. Robust communication with IP based devices is key. This creates expectations of high performance over many hops, supporting static and mobile mesh nodes in one secure framework.
Understanding User Behavior with Google Analytics.pdfSEO Article Boost
Unlocking the full potential of Google Analytics is crucial for understanding and optimizing your website’s performance. This guide dives deep into the essential aspects of Google Analytics, from analyzing traffic sources to understanding user demographics and tracking user engagement.
Traffic Sources Analysis:
Discover where your website traffic originates. By examining the Acquisition section, you can identify whether visitors come from organic search, paid campaigns, direct visits, social media, or referral links. This knowledge helps in refining marketing strategies and optimizing resource allocation.
User Demographics Insights:
Gain a comprehensive view of your audience by exploring demographic data in the Audience section. Understand age, gender, and interests to tailor your marketing strategies effectively. Leverage this information to create personalized content and improve user engagement and conversion rates.
Tracking User Engagement:
Learn how to measure user interaction with your site through key metrics like bounce rate, average session duration, and pages per session. Enhance user experience by analyzing engagement metrics and implementing strategies to keep visitors engaged.
Conversion Rate Optimization:
Understand the importance of conversion rates and how to track them using Google Analytics. Set up Goals, analyze conversion funnels, segment your audience, and employ A/B testing to optimize your website for higher conversions. Utilize ecommerce tracking and multi-channel funnels for a detailed view of your sales performance and marketing channel contributions.
Custom Reports and Dashboards:
Create custom reports and dashboards to visualize and interpret data relevant to your business goals. Use advanced filters, segments, and visualization options to gain deeper insights. Incorporate custom dimensions and metrics for tailored data analysis. Integrate external data sources to enrich your analytics and make well-informed decisions.
This guide is designed to help you harness the power of Google Analytics for making data-driven decisions that enhance website performance and achieve your digital marketing objectives. Whether you are looking to improve SEO, refine your social media strategy, or boost conversion rates, understanding and utilizing Google Analytics is essential for your success.
1.Wireless Communication System_Wireless communication is a broad term that i...JeyaPerumal1
Wireless communication involves the transmission of information over a distance without the help of wires, cables or any other forms of electrical conductors.
Wireless communication is a broad term that incorporates all procedures and forms of connecting and communicating between two or more devices using a wireless signal through wireless communication technologies and devices.
Features of Wireless Communication
The evolution of wireless technology has brought many advancements with its effective features.
The transmitted distance can be anywhere between a few meters (for example, a television's remote control) and thousands of kilometers (for example, radio communication).
Wireless communication can be used for cellular telephony, wireless access to the internet, wireless home networking, and so on.
Meet up Milano 14 _ Axpo Italia_ Migration from Mule3 (On-prem) to.pdfFlorence Consulting
Quattordicesimo Meetup di Milano, tenutosi a Milano il 23 Maggio 2024 dalle ore 17:00 alle ore 18:30 in presenza e da remoto.
Abbiamo parlato di come Axpo Italia S.p.A. ha ridotto il technical debt migrando le proprie APIs da Mule 3.9 a Mule 4.4 passando anche da on-premises a CloudHub 1.0.
Bridging the Digital Gap Brad Spiegel Macon, GA Initiative.pptxBrad Spiegel Macon GA
Brad Spiegel Macon GA’s journey exemplifies the profound impact that one individual can have on their community. Through his unwavering dedication to digital inclusion, he’s not only bridging the gap in Macon but also setting an example for others to follow.
APNIC Foundation, presented by Ellisha Heppner at the PNG DNS Forum 2024APNIC
Ellisha Heppner, Grant Management Lead, presented an update on APNIC Foundation to the PNG DNS Forum held from 6 to 10 May, 2024 in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea.
APNIC Foundation, presented by Ellisha Heppner at the PNG DNS Forum 2024
Francis da costa rethinks the internet of things zd_net
1. 3/14/22, 9:48 PM Francis daCosta rethinks the Internet of Things | ZDNet
https://www.zdnet.com/article/francis-dacosta-rethinks-the-internet-of-things/ 1/7
Francis daCosta rethinks the Internet of Things
Do you think you know all about the Internet of Things? Think again. Francis daCosta
tells us why it's time to rethink the Internet of Things.
Top programming languages: Java takes an unexpected leap forwards
MUST READ:
Written by
Ken Hess,
Contributor
Posted in Consumerization: BYOD
on May 14, 2014
| Topic: Hardware
Rethinking the Internet of Things
Join / Log In
2. 3/14/22, 9:48 PM Francis daCosta rethinks the Internet of Things | ZDNet
https://www.zdnet.com/article/francis-dacosta-rethinks-the-internet-of-things/ 2/7
(http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1430257407/ref=s9_simh_gw_p14_d0_i1?
pf_rd_m=ATVPDKIKX0DER&pf_rd_s=center-
2&pf_rd_r=0XKVKJ8VEP21ZSSY0FWG&pf_rd_t=101&pf_rd_p=1688200382&pf_rd_i=507846). What, too soon?
Not according to engineer, CTO, and author Francis daCosta. To him, it's the perfect time to
step back and rethink what we're doing and what we're going to do with the Internet of Things
(IoT). Franci daCosta, Intel, and Apress Media have published a definitive analysis of the
current and future state of IoT in a book titled, "Rethinking the Internet of Things: A Scalable
Approach to Connecting Everything".
What's so significant about this book is that daCosta redefines machine-to-machine (M2M)
communications between simple devices as "chirps". These chirps are nothing more than
short feedback messages between devices such as "ON", "OFF", "START", "STOP", and similar.
They contain no usable data. These communications do not need to be stored or analyzed.
3. 3/14/22, 9:48 PM Francis daCosta rethinks the Internet of Things | ZDNet
https://www.zdnet.com/article/francis-dacosta-rethinks-the-internet-of-things/ 3/7
As daCosta states in his Preface,
"I didn’t set out to develop a new architecture for the Internet of Things (IoT). Rather, I
was thinking about the implications of control and scheduling within machine social
networks in the context of Metcalfe’s Law. The coming tsunami of machine-to-machine
interconnections could yield tremendous flows of information – and knowledge. Once
we free the machine social network (comprised of sensors and an unimaginable
number of other devices) from the drag of human interaction, there is tremendous
potential for creating autonomous communities of machines that require only
occasional interaction with, or reporting to, humans."
But developing a new architecture, whether it's for the Internet of Things or for programming
user interfaces, is a good thing. It's the people who present ideas in new ways that truly
revolutionize a field or a conventional practice.
M2M and the Internet of Things: How secure is it?
(https://www.zdnet.com/article/m2m-and-the-internet-of-things-
how-secure-is-it/)
Machine-to-machine technology looks set to take off, but are businesses running to it without considering
the security aspects? We spoke to the industry about what security implications exist and how serious
they are.
Read More (https://www.zdnet.com/article/m2m-and-the-internet-of-things-how-secure-is-it/)
I rather like the concept of "chirps" between devices. I like the idea that machines can have
conversations based on what is happening right now that doesn't involve data collection. An
example of such a M2M conversation that wouldn't need to be saved is between a humidity
sensor and an actuator that pumps dry air into a room to maintain a particular level of
humidity. The sensor detects that the humidity in the room exceeds 32 percent and signals
(https://www.zdnet.com/article/m2m-and-the-internet-of-things-how-secure-is-it/)
READ THIS
4. 3/14/22, 9:48 PM Francis daCosta rethinks the Internet of Things | ZDNet
https://www.zdnet.com/article/francis-dacosta-rethinks-the-internet-of-things/ 4/7
"...traditional IP peer-to-peer relationships lock out much of the potential richness of the
Internet of Things."
the actuator on an air pump that opens to allow dry air to enter the room. That "OPEN" signal
doesn't need to be saved to a database.
The reasons it doesn't need to be saved are that the humidity data is likely collected and the
volume of air through the pump is also likely collected. So, by knowing those two data points,
you know that the sensor sent signals to the air pump switch that caused dry air to flow.
This chirp between the sensor and actuator is a real time stimulus-response action that needs
no analysis or collection because the data verifies that the signals (chirps) took place.
Mr. daCosta also introduces the idea of "throw away" sensors, which I really like. I like that we
can have sensors that are single use devices. Single use and throw away sensors open up a
whole new world for collecting bits of data that otherwise would be too expensive to gather.
Their uses would be limited to a single function and for a very limited amount of time. An
example of such a sensor might be to measure the chemistry of someone's digestive system.
The patient swallows a vitamin-sized sensor and the sensor sends feedback to a medical
device that connects to the patient in order to alter the acidity and alkalinity as it passes
through the digestive system. That sensor measures pH, chirps a signal ("HIGH" "LOW"
"NORMAL") to the delivery system, and no human interaction is needed.
Data collected from the delivery system informs doctors and nurses of the digestive tract's
environment. And the swallowed sensor's "data" isn't required.
I think you see the point and grasp the concept by now.
As you might expect, chirps do not require a heavy TCP/IP protocol or an elaborate operating
environment in which to work. In fact, daCosta's most controversial statements in the book
refer to not using IPv6 for such communications.
The problem is that conventional thinking and device design are all based on the arrival of
IPv6.
5. 3/14/22, 9:48 PM Francis daCosta rethinks the Internet of Things | ZDNet
https://www.zdnet.com/article/francis-dacosta-rethinks-the-internet-of-things/ 5/7
"The conventional wisdom is that the expansive address space of IPv6 solves the IoT
problem of myriad end devices. But the host-to-host assumptions fossilized into the IP
protocol in the 1970s fundamentally limited its utility for the very edge of the IoT
network. As the Internet of Things expands exponentially over the coming years, it will
be expected to connect to devices that are cheaper, dumber, and more diverse.
Traditional networking thinking will fail for multiple reasons.
First, although IPv6 provides an address for these devices, the largest population of
these appliances, sensors, and actuators will lack the horsepower in terms of
processors, memory, and bandwidth to run the bloated IP protocol stack.
Second, the conventional implementation of IP protocols implies networking
knowledge on the part of device manufacturers: without centrally authorized MAC IDs
and end-to-end management, IP falls flat.
Third, the data needs of the IoT are completely different from the global Internet.
Fourth, when there are real-time sensing and response loops needed in the Internet of
Things, traditional network architectures with their round-trip control loops will be
problematic.
Finally, and most importantly, traditional IP peer-to-peer relationships lock out much of
the potential richness of the Internet of Things."
Part of daCosta's reasoning is directly modeled after natural processes and natural
communications. For example, a bat that flies on a particular course looking for food sends
out the equivalent of chirps to locate obstacles and food. The bat uses this real time data as
feedback to "Fly up", to "Fly down", to "Fly left", to "Fly right", or to "Eat".
READ THIS
6. 3/14/22, 9:48 PM Francis daCosta rethinks the Internet of Things | ZDNet
https://www.zdnet.com/article/francis-dacosta-rethinks-the-internet-of-things/ 6/7
Cloud security still the missing link in M2M
(https://www.zdnet.com/article/cloud-security-still-the-missing-link-in-m2m/)
With cloud the main enabler of machine-to-machine communications, questions about data security that
remain unaddressed will continue to hinder wider deployment of Internet of Things.
Read More (https://www.zdnet.com/article/cloud-security-still-the-missing-link-in-m2m/)
The bat doesn't send out a signal and then ponder the response by analyzing the data at
length; he simply responds to changing conditions during flight. Mr. daCosta provides you
better examples in the book to illustrate his point. But the conclusion is that natural systems
scale to a point where he believes IoT is headed and we have to rethink what we're about to
do with the technology and the data.
Rethinking the Internet of Things is available on Amazon.com
(http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1430257407/ref=s9_simh_gw_p14_d1_i1?
pf_rd_m=ATVPDKIKX0DER&pf_rd_s=center-
2&pf_rd_r=1NYZ5D58Q59KN0P2PY81&pf_rd_t=101&pf_rd_p=1688200382&pf_rd_i=507846) as a free ebook or
for $37.71 for the paperback version. At just under 200 pages, it's a fairly quick read and in
language that just about anyone can understand. The author goes to great lengths to provide
rich examples and supporting arguments for his postulates.
I found the book and the concepts so intriguing that I asked daCosta to connect with me for a
podcast interview.
Podcast details:
Format: MP3. Length: 25:15 mins. Rating: G.
Francis da Costa - Rethinking the Internet of Things
(http://thefrugalnetworker.files.wordpress.com/2014/05/francis_dacosta_rethinking_the_internet_of_things.mp3)
(https://www.zdnet.com/article/cloud-security-still-the-missing-link-in-m2m/)
7. 3/14/22, 9:48 PM Francis daCosta rethinks the Internet of Things | ZDNet
https://www.zdnet.com/article/francis-dacosta-rethinks-the-internet-of-things/ 7/7
Related Stories:
Five security considerations for IoT implementations (/article/five-security-considerations-for-iot-implementations/)
Is IoT the new Y2K? (/article/is-iot-the-new-y2k/)
The Internet of Things outlook for 2014: Everything connected and communicating (/article/the-internet-of-
things-outlook-for-2014-everything-connected-and-communicating/)
S.Korea govt looks for profit in Internet of Things (/article/s-korea-govt-looks-for-profit-in-internet-of-things/)
Cloud security still the missing link in M2M (/article/cloud-security-still-the-missing-link-in-m2m/)
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