1) The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the network of physical objects or 'things' embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and connectivity to enable the collection and exchange of data. 2) IoT allows objects to be sensed and controlled remotely via existing network infrastructure, creating opportunities to directly integrate the physical world with computer systems. 3) IoT includes a wide range of devices from sensors implanted in farm animals to automobiles to environmental monitoring devices that can autonomously exchange data to improve efficiency.

1. Internet of Things (IoT)
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2. What is IoT?
The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical objects or
"things" embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and network
connectivity, which enables these objects to collect and exchange data.
IoT allows objects to be sensed and controlled remotely across existing
network infrastructure, creating opportunities for more direct integration
between the physical world and computer-based systems, and resulting in
improved efficiency, accuracy and economic benefit.
• Internet of Things is a system of interrelated computing devices or objects
which have the ability to transfer the data over a network without
requiring any human to human or human to computer interaction uniquely
addressable, based on standard communication protocol.
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3. "Things," in the IoT sense, can refer to a wide variety of devices
such as heart monitoring implants, biochip transponders on farm
animals, electric clams in coastal waters, automobiles with built-in
sensors, DNA analysis devices for environmental/food/pathogen
monitoring or field operation devices that assist fire-fighters in search
and rescue operations.
These devices collect useful data with the help of various existing
technologies and then autonomously flow the data between other
devices.
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4. • We can turn almost every object into a “thing”.
• A “thing” still looks much like an embedded system currently.
• A “thing” generally consists of four main parts:
– Sensors & actuators
– Microcontroller
– Communication unit
– Power supply
• A “thing” has the following properties:
– It’s usually powered by battery. This implies limited source of energy.
– It’s generally small in size and low in cost. This limits their computing
capability.
– It doesn’t usually perform complicated tasks.
• Power consumption is the main design issue.
Things

5. Different Names of IoT
• Internet of Everything
• Smarter Planet
• Machine to Machine (M2M)
• The Fog
• Tsensors (Trillion Sensors)
• The Industrial Internet
• Industry 4.0
• Internet of Things (IoT)

6. 1. Artificial Intelligence (AI)
2. Infonomics and Data Broking
3. The Shift from Intelligent Edge to Intelligent Mesh
4. Sensor Innovation
5. Trusted Hardware and Operating System
6. Novel IoT User Experiences
7. Silicon Chip Innovation
8. New Wireless Networking Technologies for IoT
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MTop 10 Strategic IoT Technologies and Trends
ajor trends for IoT

7. Reasons of IoT
• Data deluge : The explosion of the amount of data collected and
exchanged is one of the major reason why IoT came in
existence. Forecasts indicate that in the year 2025 more than
900 Exabytes of data are stored. So we need novel mechanisms
to find, fetch, and transmit data.
• There is decrease in energy required to operate intelligent
devices. The search will be for a zero level of entropy where
the device or system will have to harvest its own energy.
• Miniaturization of devices: the devices are becoming
increasingly smaller.
• Autonomic management: the devices/systems of future will
have self-management, self-healing, and self-configuration
capabilities.
• IPv6 as an integration layer: allows to exploit the potential of
IPv6 and related standards.

8. • Sensors:
–They are mainly input components
–They sense and collect surrounding information
–Basically three types:
• Passive, omnidirectional (e.g. mic)
• Passive, narrow-beam sensor
• Active sensors (e.g. sonar, radar, etc.)
• Actuators:
–They are mainly output components
–They alter the surrounding.
–Some examples:
• Adding lighting, heat, sound, etc.
• Controlling motors to move objects
• Displaying messages
• and others…
Sensors & Actuators

9. • A “thing” always feature communications for “team working”
• The Role of Communications
– Providing a data link between two nodes
• Communication type:
– Wireline (e.g. copper wires, optical fibers)
–Wireless (e.g. RF, IR). RF-based
communication is the most popular choice (and
also our focus)
• Popular RF-based communication solutions:
– IEEE 802.15.4
–IEEE 802.11 (or Wi-Fi)
–Bluetooth
–Near Field Communication (NFC), e.g. RFIDa
Communications

10. • The Roles of Networks
– Managing nodes (discovery, join, leave, etc).
– Relaying data packets from the source to the destination node in the
network.
• Networks are a distributed system. All nodes need to perform
networking related tasks.
• RF-based Network in IoT is usually a Wireless Multi-hop
Network.
– Wireless Sensor Networks
– Mobile Wireless Ad hoc Networks
– Wireless Mesh Networks
– Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks
– and many others...
• Main concern: Reliability & Performance
Networks

11. The Internet
• The Internet serves as a wide area networking for a local
network.
• The Internet uses TCP/IP. This implies that things must also
support TCP/IP.
• Gateway (or sink)
The Internet
Gateway
Datalink
Network

12. How IoT Works?
Internet of Things is not the result of a single novel technology;
instead, several complementary technical developments provide
capabilities that taken together help to bridge the gap between the
virtual and physical world. These capabilities include:
• Communication and cooperation
• Addressability
• Identification
• Sensing
• Actuation
• Embedded information processing
• Localization
• User interfaces
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13. How IoT Works?
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RFID Sensor Smart Tech Nano Tech
To identify
and track the
data of
things
To collect and
process the
data to detect
the changes in
the physical
status of things
To enhance the
power of the
network by
devolving
processing
capabilities to
different part of
the network.
To make the
smaller and
smaller things
have the ability
to connect and
interact.

14. The Structure of IoT
The IoT can be viewed as a gigantic network consisting of
networks of devices and computers connected through a series
of intermediate technologies where numerous technologies
like RFIDs, wireless connections may act as enablers of this
connectivity.
• Tagging Things : Real-time item traceability and addressability by RFIDs.
• Feeling Things : Sensors act as primary devices to collect data from the
environment.
• Shrinking Things : Miniaturization and Nanotechnology has provoked
the ability of smaller things to interact and connect within the “things”
or “smart devices.”
• Thinking Things : Embedded intelligence in devices through sensors has
formed the network connection to the Internet. It can make the “things”
realizing the intelligent control.
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15. Current Status & Future Prospect of IoT
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“Change is the only thing permanent in this world”

16. IoT as a Network of Networks:
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These networks connected with added security, analytics, and
management capabilities. This will allow IoT to become even
more powerful in what it can help people achieve.

17. Knowledge Management –
Turning Data into Wisdom
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The more data that is created, the better understanding and
wisdom people can obtain.

18. The Future of IoT
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"The Sky's not the limit. It's only the beginning with IoT."

19. Unlock the Massive potential of IoT
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20. Technology roadmap of IoT
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21. Applications of IoT
"The Ultimate Goal of IOT is to Automate Human Life." 21

22. Few Applications of IoT
Building and Home automation
Manufacturing
Medical and Healthcare systems
Media
Environmental monitoring
Infrastructure management
Energy management
Transportation
Better quality of life for elderly
... ... ...
You name it, and you will have it in IoT! 22

23. Consumer and enterprise IoT applications
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24. Benefits of IoT
IoT offers a number of benefits to organizations, enabling them
to:
1. Monitor their overall business processes;
2. Improve the customer experience;
3. Save time and money;
4. Enhance employee productivity;
5. Integrate and adapt business models;
6. Make better business decisions; and
7. Generate more revenue.
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25. IoT global share
Source IoT Analytics, 2018
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26. The top 10 IoT use case
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27. Smart Home
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28. Smart wearables
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29. • Smart Hospital
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31. Sensors in even the cow!
In the world of IoT, even the cows will be connected and
monitored. Sensors are implanted in the ears of cattle. This
allows farmers to monitor cows’ health and track their
movements, ensuring a healthier, more plentiful supply of milk
and meat for people to consume. On average, each cow
generates about 200 MB of information per year. 31

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33. 33

34. 34

35. 35
IoT helps you in LIFE LOGGING

36. 36

37. Of course, we know nothing remains static, especially
when it comes to the Internet. Initiatives and advances,
such as Cisco‘s Planetary Skin, GE’s Industrial Internet,
HP‘s central nervous system for the earth (CeNSE), and
smart dust, have the potential to add millions—even
billions—of sensors to the Internet.
As cows, water pipes, people, and even shoes, trees,
and animals become connected to IoT, the world has the
potential to become a better place.
“With a trillion sensors embedded in the
environment—all connected by computing systems,
software, and services—it will be possible to hear the
heartbeat of the Earth, impacting human interaction with
the globe as profoundly as the Internet has revolutionized
communication.” - Peter Hartwell, Senior Researcher, HP
Labs.
“How much more IoT can do is only left to your
imagination”
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38. Internet of Things is the next stage of the information
revolution and referenced the inter-connectivity of everything
from urban transport to medical devices to household
appliances.
Integration with the Internet implies that devices will use
an IP address as a unique identifier. However, due to the limited
address space of IPv4 (which allows for 4.3 billion unique
addresses), objects in the IoT will have to use IPv6 to
accommodate the extremely large address space required.
Objects in the IoT will not only be devices with sensory
capabilities, but also provide actuation capabilities (e.g., bulbs
or locks controlled over the Internet).
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39. On the other hand, IoT systems could also be responsible
for performing actions, not just sensing things. Intelligent
shopping systems, for example, could monitor specific users'
purchasing habits in a store by tracking their specific mobile
phones. These users could then be provided with special offers
on their favourite products, or even location of items that they
need, which their fridge has automatically conveyed to the
phone.
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40. IoT market drivers and barriers
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41. Technological challenges of I0T
At present IoT is faced with many challenges, such as:
•Scalability
•Technological Standardization
•Inter operability
•Discovery
•Software complexity
•Data volumes and interpretation
•Power Supply
•Interaction and short range communication
•Wireless communication
•Fault tolerance 41

42. Criticisms and Controversies of IoT
Scholars and social observers and pessimists have
doubts about the promises of the ubiquitous
computing revolution, in the areas as:
• Privacy
• Security
• Autonomy and Control
• Social control
• Political manipulation
• Design
• Environmental impact
• Influences human moral decision making
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43. IoT Threats
• Default, weak, and hardcoded credentials
• Firmware and OS are difficult to update
• Lack of vendor support for repairing vulnerabilities
• Web interface vulnerability
• Open ports can be vulnerable
• Error in Coding
• Distributed Denial-of-Service
• Physical theft and tampering

44. IoT Data-Challenges
• Multi-modal and diverse
• Noisy and unfinished
• Dependent on Time and Location
• Dynamic and varies in quality
• Crowed sourced data can be unreliable
• Requires real-time analysis
• Privacy and security
• Data can be biased