four types of eolian landforms are
1)erosinal landforms
2)depositional landforms
3)sand dune landforms
4)desert dunes
erosional landforms:whenever wind force is concentrated over a area it will create a hollow pit
namely called deflation hollow.it will range a diameter of hundred meters.these broad shallow
depressions are called as pans among which qattara is the largest pan present in lybian desert of
egypt.
deposional landforms:these landforms are caused by the deposition of the sediment.these types
of largest dune fields are found in middle east and north africa.
sand dunes:this will occur in the form of deposition of sand.
desert dunes:this will occur in amazing diversity of forms.
Solution
four types of eolian landforms are
1)erosinal landforms
2)depositional landforms
3)sand dune landforms
4)desert dunes
erosional landforms:whenever wind force is concentrated over a area it will create a hollow pit
namely called deflation hollow.it will range a diameter of hundred meters.these broad shallow
depressions are called as pans among which qattara is the largest pan present in lybian desert of
egypt.
deposional landforms:these landforms are caused by the deposition of the sediment.these types
of largest dune fields are found in middle east and north africa.
sand dunes:this will occur in the form of deposition of sand.
desert dunes:this will occur in amazing diversity of forms..
Geological work of the wind, deflation, wind abrasion, desert pavement,
ventifacts, desert dunes and sand sheets, sand seas or ergs, loess, coastal dunes, sand hills and
sabkhas, loess and evolution of deserts: Wind action and desert landscape
While studying the physical features and geomorphology of landforms, a very unique nature of landmass comes into our mind. It is very unique in various aspects. That is the dry landmass called as the Desert.
Earth has numerous land areas covered by deserts. Among all the terrestrial ecosystems, deserts are very typical landforms due to their unique ecological conditions.
we know that there is an OH group present in phen.pdfanokhijew
we know that there is an OH group present in phenols. now, in ortho phenols here
o-nitrophenols intramolecular bonding is possible due to the polar nature of OH bonds which can
result in the formation of hydrogen bonds with the same molecule . this makes it water soluble
and steam volatile which is not in the case of para-isomer. thus A mixture of p-nitrophenol and
o-nitrophenol can be separated by steam distillation.
Solution
we know that there is an OH group present in phenols. now, in ortho phenols here
o-nitrophenols intramolecular bonding is possible due to the polar nature of OH bonds which can
result in the formation of hydrogen bonds with the same molecule . this makes it water soluble
and steam volatile which is not in the case of para-isomer. thus A mixture of p-nitrophenol and
o-nitrophenol can be separated by steam distillation..
Geological work of the wind, deflation, wind abrasion, desert pavement,
ventifacts, desert dunes and sand sheets, sand seas or ergs, loess, coastal dunes, sand hills and
sabkhas, loess and evolution of deserts: Wind action and desert landscape
While studying the physical features and geomorphology of landforms, a very unique nature of landmass comes into our mind. It is very unique in various aspects. That is the dry landmass called as the Desert.
Earth has numerous land areas covered by deserts. Among all the terrestrial ecosystems, deserts are very typical landforms due to their unique ecological conditions.
we know that there is an OH group present in phen.pdfanokhijew
we know that there is an OH group present in phenols. now, in ortho phenols here
o-nitrophenols intramolecular bonding is possible due to the polar nature of OH bonds which can
result in the formation of hydrogen bonds with the same molecule . this makes it water soluble
and steam volatile which is not in the case of para-isomer. thus A mixture of p-nitrophenol and
o-nitrophenol can be separated by steam distillation.
Solution
we know that there is an OH group present in phenols. now, in ortho phenols here
o-nitrophenols intramolecular bonding is possible due to the polar nature of OH bonds which can
result in the formation of hydrogen bonds with the same molecule . this makes it water soluble
and steam volatile which is not in the case of para-isomer. thus A mixture of p-nitrophenol and
o-nitrophenol can be separated by steam distillation..
Since X represents the solid phase, Y represents .pdfanokhijew
Since X represents the solid phase, Y represents the liquid phase,and Z is the vapor
phase: F to E = deposition C to D = boiling D to C = condensation E to F = sublimation E to C =
melting C to E = freezing A = triple point B = critical point
Solution
Since X represents the solid phase, Y represents the liquid phase,and Z is the vapor
phase: F to E = deposition C to D = boiling D to C = condensation E to F = sublimation E to C =
melting C to E = freezing A = triple point B = critical point.
nutrinos are the smallest part of an atom. NOTE-.pdfanokhijew
nutrinos are the smallest part of an atom. NOTE:-Usually electrons are smallest but
they are a lot so quack occurs.
Solution
nutrinos are the smallest part of an atom. NOTE:-Usually electrons are smallest but
they are a lot so quack occurs..
Molecular solids are held together in single chai.pdfanokhijew
Molecular solids are held together in single chains of bonds using either LDF forces
or dipole-dipole forces. These are weaker bonds than network covalent because instead of single
bonds, network covalent solids (such as sand, graphite and diamond) form webs of bonds that
interlock with one another.
Solution
Molecular solids are held together in single chains of bonds using either LDF forces
or dipole-dipole forces. These are weaker bonds than network covalent because instead of single
bonds, network covalent solids (such as sand, graphite and diamond) form webs of bonds that
interlock with one another..
Liquid crystals (LCs) are a state of matter that .pdfanokhijew
Liquid crystals (LCs) are a state of matter that have properties between those of a
conventional liquid and those of a solid crystal.[1] For instance, an LC may flow like a liquid,
but its molecules may be oriented in a crystal-like way. There are many different types of LC
phases, which can be distinguished by their different optical properties (such as birefringence).
When viewed under a microscope using a polarized light source, different liquid crystal phases
will appear to have distinct textures. The contrasting areas in the textures correspond to domains
where the LC molecules are oriented in different directions. Within a domain, however, the
molecules are well ordered. LC materials may not always be in an LC phase (just as water may
turn into ice or steam). Liquid crystals can be divided into thermotropic, lyotropic and
metallotropic phases. Thermotropic and lyotropic LCs consist of organic molecules.
Thermotropic LCs exhibit a phase transition into the LC phase as temperature is changed.
Lyotropic LCs exhibit phase transitions as a function of both temperature and concentration of
the LC molecules in a solvent (typically water). Metallotropic LCs are composed of both organic
and inorganic molecules; their LC transition depends not only on temperature and concentration,
but also on the inorganic-organic composition ratio.
Solution
Liquid crystals (LCs) are a state of matter that have properties between those of a
conventional liquid and those of a solid crystal.[1] For instance, an LC may flow like a liquid,
but its molecules may be oriented in a crystal-like way. There are many different types of LC
phases, which can be distinguished by their different optical properties (such as birefringence).
When viewed under a microscope using a polarized light source, different liquid crystal phases
will appear to have distinct textures. The contrasting areas in the textures correspond to domains
where the LC molecules are oriented in different directions. Within a domain, however, the
molecules are well ordered. LC materials may not always be in an LC phase (just as water may
turn into ice or steam). Liquid crystals can be divided into thermotropic, lyotropic and
metallotropic phases. Thermotropic and lyotropic LCs consist of organic molecules.
Thermotropic LCs exhibit a phase transition into the LC phase as temperature is changed.
Lyotropic LCs exhibit phase transitions as a function of both temperature and concentration of
the LC molecules in a solvent (typically water). Metallotropic LCs are composed of both organic
and inorganic molecules; their LC transition depends not only on temperature and concentration,
but also on the inorganic-organic composition ratio..
Hhyd = Hcrystallization + Hsolv Enthalpy of Solv.pdfanokhijew
Hhyd = Hcrystallization + Hsolv Enthalpy of Solvation (Hsolv kJ/mol) of Some
Common Electrolytes Substanc Hsolv Substance Hsolv AlCl3(s) -373.63 H2SO4(l) -95.28
LiNO3(s) -2.51 LiCl(s) -37.03 NaNO3(s) 20.50 NaCl(s) 3.88 KNO3(s) 34.89 KCl(s) -17.22
NaOH(s) -44.51 NH4Cl(s) 14.77 use this i think may help u
Solution
Hhyd = Hcrystallization + Hsolv Enthalpy of Solvation (Hsolv kJ/mol) of Some
Common Electrolytes Substanc Hsolv Substance Hsolv AlCl3(s) -373.63 H2SO4(l) -95.28
LiNO3(s) -2.51 LiCl(s) -37.03 NaNO3(s) 20.50 NaCl(s) 3.88 KNO3(s) 34.89 KCl(s) -17.22
NaOH(s) -44.51 NH4Cl(s) 14.77 use this i think may help u.
The answer is (b) the condensation of steam to liiquid water.The e.pdfanokhijew
The answer is (b) the condensation of steam to liiquid water.
The entropy decreases because the system becomes more ordered (free water molecules in steam
become less free in liquid water due to stronger bonding to neighbours).
Solution
The answer is (b) the condensation of steam to liiquid water.
The entropy decreases because the system becomes more ordered (free water molecules in steam
become less free in liquid water due to stronger bonding to neighbours)..
XML Extensiable Markup LanguageHTML Hypertext Markup LanguageD.pdfanokhijew
XML: Extensiable Markup Language
HTML: Hypertext Markup Language
Difference between XML and HTML:
Solution
XML: Extensiable Markup Language
HTML: Hypertext Markup Language
Difference between XML and HTML:.
The Data recovery is of two types …One method is by using a softwa.pdfanokhijew
The Data recovery is of two types …
One method is by using a software that can recover files.There are certain benifits and risks by
using this way.
\'File System has file records and each file record is stored in Master File Table(MFT).MFT
doesnt have file data but has only information about the file,which is used while retrieve the file.
Each file and folder stored in File System has its entry in Master File Table. Even deleted files
and folders also have there entry in Master File Table until it is reallocated to other file or folder.
We also know that $BITMAP metadata file has information about allocation status of disk
clusters. Using this information we have proposed the technique to recover deleted files from
File System partition which is given below:
Steps followed in deleted file recovery are:
1.Search Files MFT Entry
2. Process it’s $DATA attribute
3. If $DATA attribute is resident, file content is present in MFT Entry. Just copy it to external
location to complete recovery process.
4. If $DATA attribute is non-resident, file’s contents are present in external cluster. Then parse
the RunList present in the attribute.
5. Check if each cluster listed in Runlist is allocated or not. If all clusters have allocated status as
0, means that the files data is still present on disk. Therefore complete recovery is possible. Copy
file’s contents to external location to complete recovery process.
6. If some clusters have allocated status as 1, then the partial recovery is possible. Copy file’s
contents to external location with reallocated cluster’s values as zeros to complete partial
recovery process.
If all clusters have allocated status as 1, then the file’s contents are lost and recovery is
impossible. The above technique can handle the file’s data which is fragmented across number of
cluster runs so gives more granular results in recovery of deleted files. The technique does not
require any external storage or use of sorting therefore can increase the performance in recovery
process of deleted files.
As we are discussing the file recovery through software the recovery software starts by trying to
read and process the first copy of the info about files and folders. In some cases such as
accidental file deletion, this is the only step where we can recover the file entirely
If the first copy of the info about files and folders is severely damaged, the software scans the
disk for the second copy of the info about files and folders. It also attempts to glean additional
information about the folders and files structure that may be on the data part of the disk. Then, it
processes all this information to reconstruct the original folders and file structure.
If the file system on the disk isn\'t severely damaged, it is often possible to recover the entire file
and folder structure.
If the file system on the disk is severely damaged, this recovery method cannot recreate the
entire folder structure.
Then these files are stored in the unkonwn folders..
StudentData.javaimport java.util.Scanner; public class Student.pdfanokhijew
StudentData.java
import java.util.Scanner;
public class StudentData {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
int totalStudents = 0;
int maleCount = 0, femaleCount = 0, minorCount = 0, adultCount = 0, seniorCount = 0;
while(true){
System.out.println(\"Do you ant to add a student (n to stop):\");
char ch = scan.next().charAt(0);
if(ch == \'n\' || ch == \'N\'){
break;
}
else{
System.out.println(\"Enter the student gender (male or female)\");
String gender = scan.next();
if(gender.equalsIgnoreCase(\"male\")){
maleCount++;
}
else{
femaleCount++;
}
System.out.println(\"Enter student age:\");
int age = scan.nextInt();
if(age <= 18){
minorCount++;
}
else if(age >=19 && age <= 65){
adultCount++;
}
else{
seniorCount++;
}
}
}
totalStudents = maleCount + femaleCount;
System.out.println(\"Total Students: \"+totalStudents);
System.out.println(\"Male: \"+maleCount);
System.out.println(\"Female: \"+femaleCount);
System.out.println(\"Minor: \"+minorCount);
System.out.println(\"Adult: \"+adultCount);
System.out.println(\"Senior: \"+seniorCount);
String s = (maleCount >= femaleCount)? \"Students are mre males\":\"Students are more
females\";
System.out.println(s);
}
}
Output:
Do you ant to add a student (n to stop):
y
Enter the student gender (male or female)
male
Enter student age:
44
Do you ant to add a student (n to stop):
y
Enter the student gender (male or female)
male
Enter student age:
77
Do you ant to add a student (n to stop):
y
Enter the student gender (male or female)
male
Enter student age:
12
Do you ant to add a student (n to stop):
yy
Enter the student gender (male or female)
female
Enter student age:
55
Do you ant to add a student (n to stop):
y
Enter the student gender (male or female)
female
Enter student age:
33
Do you ant to add a student (n to stop):
n
Total Students: 5
Male: 3
Female: 2
Minor: 1
Adult: 3
Senior: 1
Students are mre males
Solution
StudentData.java
import java.util.Scanner;
public class StudentData {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
int totalStudents = 0;
int maleCount = 0, femaleCount = 0, minorCount = 0, adultCount = 0, seniorCount = 0;
while(true){
System.out.println(\"Do you ant to add a student (n to stop):\");
char ch = scan.next().charAt(0);
if(ch == \'n\' || ch == \'N\'){
break;
}
else{
System.out.println(\"Enter the student gender (male or female)\");
String gender = scan.next();
if(gender.equalsIgnoreCase(\"male\")){
maleCount++;
}
else{
femaleCount++;
}
System.out.println(\"Enter student age:\");
int age = scan.nextInt();
if(age <= 18){
minorCount++;
}
else if(age >=19 && age <= 65){
adultCount++;
}
else{
seniorCount++;
}
}
}
totalStudents = maleCount + femaleCount;
System.out.println(\"Total Students: \"+totalStudents);
System.out.println(\"Male: \"+maleCount);
System.out.println(\"Female: \"+femaleCount);
System.out.println(\"Minor: \"+minorCount);
System.out.println(\"Adult: \"+adultCount);
System.out.println(\"Senior: \"+seni.
Reverse EngineeringReverse engineering is also a back engineering .pdfanokhijew
Reverse Engineering
Reverse engineering is also a back engineering which is extracting knowledge from manmade
and reproducing it from extracted information. Reverse engineering convert’s binary code of the
program and recreating it back to the original source code is known as reverse engineering.
Reverse engineering is common in both hardware and software. It convert’s the code written in
high level language into a low level language without changing the original program is also a
reverse engineering The process of recreating a design by analyzing a final product of a software
is also known as reverse engineering.
Reverse Engineering is used in many fields of Information Technology in form of Malware
Analysis, Network Analysis, debugging, and improvising existing algorithms, software
reusability
Reverse engineering is used in software design for to add new features to the existing software
with or without knowing the source code.
It help’s to study the virus and malware codeIt makes the system does not have any major
.vulnerabilities and security flaws.Some of the reverse engineering tools are debugger and
disassemblers.Reverse engineering is also beneficial for business owners as they can incorporate
advanced features into their software to meet the demands of the growing markets.
Solution
Reverse Engineering
Reverse engineering is also a back engineering which is extracting knowledge from manmade
and reproducing it from extracted information. Reverse engineering convert’s binary code of the
program and recreating it back to the original source code is known as reverse engineering.
Reverse engineering is common in both hardware and software. It convert’s the code written in
high level language into a low level language without changing the original program is also a
reverse engineering The process of recreating a design by analyzing a final product of a software
is also known as reverse engineering.
Reverse Engineering is used in many fields of Information Technology in form of Malware
Analysis, Network Analysis, debugging, and improvising existing algorithms, software
reusability
Reverse engineering is used in software design for to add new features to the existing software
with or without knowing the source code.
It help’s to study the virus and malware codeIt makes the system does not have any major
.vulnerabilities and security flaws.Some of the reverse engineering tools are debugger and
disassemblers.Reverse engineering is also beneficial for business owners as they can incorporate
advanced features into their software to meet the demands of the growing markets..
Quantum mechanics predicts the existence of what are usually called .pdfanokhijew
Quantum mechanics predicts the existence of what are usually called \'\'zero-point\'\' energies for
the strong, the weak and the electromagnetic interactions, where \'\'zero-point\'\' refers to the
energy of the system at temperature T=0, or the lowest quantized energy level of a quantum
mechanical system. Although the term \'\'zero-point energy\'\' applies to all three of these
interactions in nature, customarily (and hereafter in this article) it is used in reference only to the
electromagnetic case.
In conventional quantum physics, the origin of zero-point energy is the Heisenberg uncertainty
principle, which states that, for a moving particle such as an electron, the more precisely one
measures the position, the less exact the best possible measurement of its momentum (mass
times velocity), and vice versa. The least possible uncertainty of position times momentum is
specified by Planck\'s constant, h. A parallel uncertainty exists between measurements involving
time and energy (and other so-called conjugate variables in quantum mechanics). This minimum
uncertainty is not due to any correctable flaws in measurement, but rather reflects an intrinsic
quantum fuzziness in the very nature of energy and matter springing from the wave nature of the
various quantum fields. This leads to the concept of zero-point energy.
Zero-point energy is the energy that remains when all other energy is removed from a system.
This behaviour is demonstrated by, for example, liquid helium. As the temperature is lowered to
absolute zero, helium remains a liquid, rather than freezing to a solid, owing to the irremovable
zero-point energy of its atomic motions. (Increasing the pressure to 25 atmospheres will cause
helium to freeze.)
A harmonic oscillator is a useful conceptual tool in physics. Classically a harmonic oscillator,
such as a mass on a spring, can always be brought to rest. However a quantum harmonic
oscillator does not permit this. A residual motion will always remain due to the requirements of
the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, resulting in a zero-point energy, equal to 1/2 hf, where f is
the oscillation frequency.
Electromagnetic radiation can be pictured as waves flowing through space at the speed of light.
The waves are not waves of anything substantive, but are ripples in a state of a theoretically
defined field. However these waves do carry energy (and momentum), and each wave has a
specific direction, frequency and polarization state. Each wave represents a \'\'propagating mode
of the electromagnetic field.\'\'
Each mode is equivalent to a harmonic oscillator and is thus subject to the Heisenberg
uncertainty principle. From this analogy, every mode of the field must have 1/2 hf as its average
minimum energy. That is a tiny amount of energy in each mode, but the number of modes is
enormous, and indeed increases per unit frequency interval as the square of the frequency. The
spectral energy density is determined by the density of modes times the.
Program Educational Objectives • To create competencies and opportun.pdfanokhijew
Program Educational Objectives • To create competencies and opportunities for Higher
Education; • To create professional manpower skilled for the IT Industry; • To provide
laboratory practices with advanced FOSS Tools; • To provide inter-disciplinary opportunities; •
To provide opportunities of developing technical documents and presentation skills. • to provide
opportunities of industry-Institute interactions; • To develop opportunities to promote
Entrepreneurship and start-ups; • To nurture professional and social ethics. Program Objectives •
To expose students to the Systems and Applications Programming, Organizations and
Architectures; • To provide conceptual knowledge in the Computing domain; • To provide
interdisciplinary knowledge; • To expose students with advanced tools used in industry; • To
develop written and soft-skill competencies; • To develop team work experience of professionals
skills for IT Industry. Program Outcomes • To test applications with concepts and skills in the
domain subjects; • To demonstrate skills in programming techniques and technologies; • To
demonstrate oral and written skills for technical presentations and documentation; • To
demonstrate IT project as team work; • To demonstrate social and Professional ethical practices;
2 SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY BE (COMPUTER ENGINEERING)- 2012
COURSE STRUCTURE Term-I Subject Subject Teaching Scheme Examination Scheme Total
Code Marks Lect Tut Pract In PR/ OR/ End Sem TW TW Sem Asmnt Asmnt 410441 Design &
Analysis 03 — — 30 — — 70 100 of Algorithms 410442 Principles of Modern 04 — — 30 —
— 70 100 Compiler Design 410443 Smart System Design 03 — — 30 — — 70 100 and
Applications 410444 Elective-I 03 — — 30 — — 70 100 410445 Elective-II 03 — — 30 — —
70 100 410446 Computer — — 04 — 50 50 — 100 laboratory-I 410447 Computer — — 04 —
50 50 — 100 Laboratory-II 410448 Project — 02 — — 50 — — 50 Total 16 02 08 150 150 100
350 750 Term-II 410449 Software Design 03 — — 30 — — 70 100 Methodologies & Testing
410450 High 03 — — 30 — — 70 100 Performance Computing 410451 Elective-III 03 — — 30
— — 70 100 410452 Elective-IV 03 — — 30 — — 70 100 Open Elective 410453 Computer —
— 04 — 50 50 — 100 laboratory-III 410454 Computer — — 04 — 50 50 — 100 Laboratory-IV
410455 Project — 06 — — 50 100 — 150 Total 12 06 08 120 150 200 280 750
Solution
Program Educational Objectives • To create competencies and opportunities for Higher
Education; • To create professional manpower skilled for the IT Industry; • To provide
laboratory practices with advanced FOSS Tools; • To provide inter-disciplinary opportunities; •
To provide opportunities of developing technical documents and presentation skills. • to provide
opportunities of industry-Institute interactions; • To develop opportunities to promote
Entrepreneurship and start-ups; • To nurture professional and social ethics. Program Objectives •
To expose students to the Systems and Applications Programming, Organizations and
Architectures; • To.
P2O5 removes H2O from Alcohol to form Alkene O of Alcohol gives it.pdfanokhijew
P2O5 removes H2O from Alcohol to form Alkene
O of Alcohol gives its lone pair to Higly e- defficient P of P2O5
O makes bond to P and breaks its bond to C atom
P also breaks its Double bond with O which now works as a base and abstract H atom from C
resulting in formation of an alkene
Solution
P2O5 removes H2O from Alcohol to form Alkene
O of Alcohol gives its lone pair to Higly e- defficient P of P2O5
O makes bond to P and breaks its bond to C atom
P also breaks its Double bond with O which now works as a base and abstract H atom from C
resulting in formation of an alkene.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
four types of eolian landforms are1)erosinal landforms2)depositi.pdf
1. four types of eolian landforms are
1)erosinal landforms
2)depositional landforms
3)sand dune landforms
4)desert dunes
erosional landforms:whenever wind force is concentrated over a area it will create a hollow pit
namely called deflation hollow.it will range a diameter of hundred meters.these broad shallow
depressions are called as pans among which qattara is the largest pan present in lybian desert of
egypt.
deposional landforms:these landforms are caused by the deposition of the sediment.these types
of largest dune fields are found in middle east and north africa.
sand dunes:this will occur in the form of deposition of sand.
desert dunes:this will occur in amazing diversity of forms.
Solution
four types of eolian landforms are
1)erosinal landforms
2)depositional landforms
3)sand dune landforms
4)desert dunes
erosional landforms:whenever wind force is concentrated over a area it will create a hollow pit
namely called deflation hollow.it will range a diameter of hundred meters.these broad shallow
depressions are called as pans among which qattara is the largest pan present in lybian desert of
egypt.
deposional landforms:these landforms are caused by the deposition of the sediment.these types
of largest dune fields are found in middle east and north africa.
sand dunes:this will occur in the form of deposition of sand.
desert dunes:this will occur in amazing diversity of forms.
