The formalistic approach views literature as an art form made up of intrinsic elements like style, structure, imagery, tone and genre. It sees a literary work's quality coming from how all these elements work together to create the reader's total experience. Formalist critics believe close reading is needed to analyze how different parts shape a work's meaning and effect. They also see style and theme as interdependent and don't separate elements like character or plot, as that could destroy the aesthetic experience. While formalism doesn't deny outside context, it views works as "organic wholes" that can transcend through form.

1. Formalistic Approach

2. Formalistic Approach
 Literature is a form of knowledge with
intrinsic elements- style, structure, imagery,
tone, genre.
Style, structure, imagery, tone, genre

3.  What gives a literary work status as art, or as a great work of
art, is how all of its element work together to create the
reader’s total experience (thought, feeling, gut reaction, etc.)
 The appreciation of literature as an art requires close
reading- a careful, step-by-step analysis and explication of
the text (the work of language). An analysis may follow from
questions like, how do various elements work together to
shape the effect on the reader.

4.  Style and theme influence each other and
can’t be separated if meaning is to be
retained. It’s this interdependence in form and
content that makes a text “literary”.
“Extracting” elements in isolation (theme,
character, plot, setting, etc.) may destroy a
reader’s aesthetic experience of the whole.

5.  Formalistic critics don’t deny the historical,
political situation of a work, they just believe
works of art have the power to transcend by
being “organic wholes”-akin to a being with a
life of its own.

6.  Formalist criticism is evaluative in that it
differentiates great works of art from poor works of
art. Other kinds of criticism don’t necessarily concern
themselves with this distinction.
 Formalist criticism is decidedly a “scientific”
approach to literary analysis, focusing on “facts
amenable to verification”.

7. Common questions for Formalistic
Criticism
 How is the work’s structure unified.
 How do various elements of the work reinforce its
meaning
 What recurring patterns (repeated or related words,
images, etc.) can you find? What is the effect of these
patterns or motifs? Is the structure of the work similar to
other well-known stories, fables, myths, etc.

8.  How does the repetition reinforce the theme.
 How does the writer’s diction reveal or reflect
the work’s meaning.
 What is the effect of the plot, what parts
specifically produce that effect?