Whenever there is a crime, the culprit leaves some type of evidence. Bitemark is a very peculiar and main evidence for a Forensic Odontologist who studies and tells whether the mark is superficial or cutaneous
Whenever there is a crime, the culprit leaves some type of evidence. Bitemark is a very peculiar and main evidence for a Forensic Odontologist who studies and tells whether the mark is superficial or cutaneous
This presentation is on forensic odontology, also known as forensic dentistry. It encompasses the role and scope of dentistry in identification of individuals in mass disasters.
Dental anatomy is a field of anatomy dedicated to the study of human tooth structures. The development, appearance, and classification of teeth fall within its purview.
Esthetics in complete dentures 1/certified fixed orthodontic courses by India...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Nomenclature, eruption and shedding of teeth.pptxDrBerinDhanya
The first step in understanding dental anatomy is to know the nomenclature or the system of names used to describe or classify the materials used in the subject.
For the clinician to treat dental problems knowledge of proper eruption time and shedding time is very important.
A variety of developmental defects that are evident after eruption of the primary & permanent teeth can be related to local and systemic factors.
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
This presentation is on forensic odontology, also known as forensic dentistry. It encompasses the role and scope of dentistry in identification of individuals in mass disasters.
Dental anatomy is a field of anatomy dedicated to the study of human tooth structures. The development, appearance, and classification of teeth fall within its purview.
Esthetics in complete dentures 1/certified fixed orthodontic courses by India...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Nomenclature, eruption and shedding of teeth.pptxDrBerinDhanya
The first step in understanding dental anatomy is to know the nomenclature or the system of names used to describe or classify the materials used in the subject.
For the clinician to treat dental problems knowledge of proper eruption time and shedding time is very important.
A variety of developmental defects that are evident after eruption of the primary & permanent teeth can be related to local and systemic factors.
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
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Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
2. INTRODUCTION
• The term “forensic” is from the Latin, meaning forum
or a place where legal matters are discussed.
• The science of dentistry as related to the law is known
as forensic dentistry or forensic odontology.
• The theory behind forensic dentistry is that “no two
mouths are alike.”
3. • Forensic dentistry plays an important role in mass disasters,
child/elder/spouse abuse cases, bite mark analysis, criminal
and natural deaths and injuries, bioterrorism, etc.,
• It also helps in identification of decomposed and charred
bodies like that of drowned persons, burns and victims of
motor vehicle accidents.
• The different methods employed in forensic dentistry include
bite mark analysis, tooth prints, rugoscopy, cheiloscopy,
dental-DNA analysis, radiographs, and photographic analysis.
4. • Forensic odontology can be defined as a specialised
branch in dentistry which in the interest of justice
deals with the proper handling, examination of dental
evidence with proper presentation and proper
evaluation of dental findings- FDI
5. • “what a nightmare !.... Bodies as of Negroes –
blackened, heads carbonised, shrunk & reduced to
nothing, but only the teeth remained”
-Dr Oscar Amoedo “ Father of forensic odontology”
6. SCOPE AND PURPOSE
• Identifying unknown human remains through comparison of
postmortem dental evidence with dental records of the
presumed deceased.
• Age estimation of both the living and deceased.
• Recognition and analysis of bitemarks found on victims .
• Determining the gender of an unidentified person /
individual.
• Identification of victims in mass disasters.
• Presenting evidence in court as expert witness.
8. PALATAL RUGAE IN IDENTIFICATION
• A useful method of identifying edentate individuals is by
examining the palatal rugae pattern. The rugae pattern on
the deceased’s maxilla or maxillary denture may be
compared to old dentures that may be recovered from the
decedent’s residence, or plaster models that may be
available with the treating dentist.
• Rugae pattern, like teeth, are considered unique to an
individual. They seldom change shape with age and
reappear after trauma or surgical procedures.
9. Classification of Palatal Rugae
Lysell-
•Three types:
O Primary rugae (>5 mm)
O Secondary rugae (3–5 mm)
O Fragmentary rugae (2< 2 mm is not taken into
consideration).
Thomas and Kotze-
branched, unified, cross-linked, annular, and papillary.
Kapali and associates
according to shape as straight, curved, wavy, and circular
10. Bite Marks
• Bite marks have been defined by MacDonald as “a mark
caused by the teeth either alone or in combination with
other mouth parts”.
• Bite marks may be caused by humans or animals; they may
be on tissue, food items or on objects.
• Biting is considered to be a primitive type of assault and
results when teeth are employed as a weapon in an act of
dominance or desperation
11. • Classification of Bite Marks
Cameron and Sims’ Classification.
Based on the type of agent producing the bite mark and the material
exhibiting it.
AGENTS
O Human
O Animal.
Materials
O Skin, body tissue
O Foodstuff
O Other materials.
12. • MacDonald’s Classification
Eiologic classification.
Tooth pressure marks. Marks produced on tissue as a result of ‘direct
application of pressure by teeth’. These are generally produced by the
incisal or occlusal surfaces of teeth.
Tongue pressure marks. When sufficient amount of tissue is taken into
the mouth, the tongue presses it against rigid areas such as the lingual
surface of teeth and palatal rugae. The marks thus left on the skin are
referred to as ‘suckling,’ since there is a combination of sucking and
tongue thrusting involved.
Tooth scrape marks. These are marks caused due to scraping of teeth
across the bitten material. They are usually caused by anterior teeth
and present as scratches or superficial abrasions.
13. Bite Mark Appearance
• Type of Injury- contusions or bruises are the most common
presentation of bite marks.
• Depending on the skin color they appear as reddish or
purplish or dark brown discoloration on the skin surface and
are due to the blood escaping into subcutaneous tissue from
ruptured minute vessels.
• When the intensity of the bite is great, there may be a break
in the integrity of skin surface, resulting in lacerations.
• The most extreme form of bite mark injury is avulsion, where
part of the tissue is bitten off.
14. • Identifying the Injury as a Bite Mark-
Gross charateristics. A circular or elliptical mark
Class charateristics. The marks produced by different classes
of teeth are usually distinct, allowing one to differentiate the
type of tooth within a bite mark.
Individual charateristics. Class charateristics may, in turn, have
features such as fractures, rotations, spacing, etc. Such
attributes are referred to as individual features and make the
bite mark distinct.
Site of Bite Marks. Bite marks may be found on any part of the
body. However, Pretty and Sweet state that females are most
often bitten on the breasts and legs (especially on the inner
part of thigh)—a result of sexual assault. Male children are
prone to be bitten on the genitals, a result of child sexual abuse
15. •Conclusions in Bite Mark Analysis-
Definite Biter. There is reasonable medical certainty to
indicate that the bite mark has been produced by the
suspect’s dentition: there is concordance of sufficient
distinctive, individual characteristics to confer
uniqueness within the population under consideration.
Probable Biter. Bite mark shows some degree of
specificity to the suspect’s teeth by virtue of a sufficient
number of matching points, including some
corresponding individual characteristics. There is
absence of any unexplainable discrepancies.
16. • Possible Biter. The bite mark and the suspect’s dentition are
consistent: although the suspect’s teeth could have made the bite
mark, there are no characteristic matches to be absolutely certain.
The similarity is non-specific or there is similarity of class
characteristics.
• Not the Biter. The bite mark and the suspect’s dentition are not
consistent: features on the bite mark indicate that the suspect’s teeth
have definitely not caused them.
17. Lip Prints
• The wrinkles and grooves visible on the lips have been
named by Tsuchihashi as ‘sulci labiorum rubrorum’.
• The imprint produced by these grooves is termed ‘lip
print’, the examination of which is referred to as
‘cheiloscopy’.
• These grooves are heritable and are supposed to be
individualistic.
18. • Lip prints were first classified by Santos into two categories:
• Simple wrinkles
O Straight line
O Curved line
O Angled line
O Sine-shaped curve.
19. • Compound wrinkles
O Bifurcated
O Trifurcated
O Anomalous.
Tsuchihashi later proposed a separate classification, dividing the
pattern of grooves into six types
Type I – Clear-cut vertical grooves that run across the entire lip
Type I’ – Similar to type I, but do not cover the entire lip
Type II – Branched grooves
Type III – Intersected grooves
Type IV – Reticular grooves
Type V – Grooves that cannot be morphologically differentiated.
20. DENTAL AGE ESTIMATION
• While different physiologic systems are used to estimate age, teeth
are considered better suited than bones.
• Dental age is one of the few measures of physiologic development
that is uniformly applicable from infancy to late adolescence.
• After attaining maturity, teeth continue to undergo changes, making
age estimation possible in adults.
21. • Dental Age Estimation Methods-
Dental age estimation makes use of morphologic, radiographic,
histological, and biochemical methods to examine agedependant
changes in teeth.
Age estimation using the dentition may be grouped into three phases:
O Prenatal, neonatal and early postnatal period
O Children and adolescents
O Adults.
22. • Literature describes several techniques that address age estimation in
adults.
• The various methods are divided into three categories:
• 1. Morphological methods- Gustafson (1950), Dalitz (1962), Bang and
Ramm (1970), Johanson (1971), Maples (1978), Solheim (1993) are
few morphological methods
• 2. Biochemical methods- 1. Helfman and Bada method (1975, 1976)
2. Ritz et al. method (1995)4
• 3. Radiological methods.-
23. The radiological age determination is based on assessment of various features as
follows:
• Jaw bones prenatally
• Appearance of tooth germs
• Earliest detectable trace of mineralization or beginning of mineralization
• Early mineralization in various deciduous teeth during intrauterine life
• Degree of crown completion
• Eruption of the crown into the oral cavity
• Degree of root completion of erupted or unerupted teeth.
• Degree of resorption of deciduous teeth
• Measurement of open apices in teeth
• Volume of pulp chamber and root canals/formation of physiological secondary
dentine
• Tooth-to-pulp ratio
• Third molar development and topography
24. • Gustafson (1950) and Thoma (1944) described the age changes occurring in the
dental tissues and noted six changes related to age.
• They are:
a. Attrition of the incisal or occlusal surfaces due to mastication (A)
b. Periodontitis (P)
c. Secondary dentin (S)
d. Cementum apposition (C)
e. Root resorption (R)
f. Transparency of the root (T)
Gustafson suggested the last two changes. In the method proposed, each sign was
ranked and allotted 0, 1, 2, 3 points. The point values of each age-change are added
according to the following formula:
An+ Pn + Sn + Cn + Rn + Tn = points.
The exact equation calculated was: y = 11.43 + 4.56x, where, y = age and x = points
according to the formula above. The error of estimation as calculated by Gustafson
(1950) was ±3.6 years.
Disadvantage: Cannot be used in living person.
25. Value of Third Molars in Age Estimation
• Although the third molar is a valuable indicator of age in the 16–22
year-old age-group where all other teeth have completely developed,
its accuracy in age estimation is questionable due to great variation in
its genesis, position, morphology, and time of formation.
• However, Gunst and associates underscore its importance,
particularly due to the relative inaccuracy of skeletal predictors of age
in this age-group. In particular, the development of the third molar is
important for determining whether an individual is a juvenile (<18) or
adult (>18)