Apart from being a critical driver of economic growth, foreign direct
investment (FDI) is a major source of non-debt financial resource for the
economic development of India. Foreign companies invest in India to take
advantage of relatively lower wages, special investment privileges such as
tax exemptions, etc. For a country where foreign investments are being
made, it also means achieving technical know-how and generating
employment. The Indian government’s favourable policy regime and robust
business environment have ensured that foreign capital keeps flowing into
the country. The government has taken many initiatives in recent years
such as relaxing FDI norms across sectors such as defence, PSU oil
refineries, telecom, power exchanges, and stock exchanges, among others.
Keywords:
Apart from being a critical driver of economic growth, foreign direct investment (FDI) is a major source of non-debt financial resource for the economic development of India. Foreign companies invest in India to take advantage of relatively lower wages, special investment privileges such as tax exemptions, etc. For a country where foreign investments are being made, it also means achieving technical know-how and generating employment. The Indian government’s favourable policy regime and robust business environment have ensured that foreign capital keeps flowing into the country. The government has taken many initiatives in recent years such as relaxing FDI norms across sectors such as defence, PSU oil refineries, telecom, power exchanges, and stock exchanges, among others.
An Overview of Foreign Direct Investments Flows In IndiaVARUN KESAVAN
Apart from being a critical driver of economic growth, foreign direct investment (FDI) is a major source of non-debt financial resource for the economic development of India. Foreign companies invest in India to take advantage of relatively lower wages, special investment privileges such as tax exemptions, etc. For a country where foreign investments are being made, it also means achieving technical know-how and generating employment.
The Indian government’s favourable policy regime and robust business environment have ensured that foreign capital keeps flowing into the country. The government has taken many initiatives in recent years such as relaxing FDI norms across sectors such as defence, PSU oil refineries, telecom, power exchanges, and stock exchanges, among others.
Apart from being a critical driver of economic growth, foreign direct investment (FDI) is a major source of non-debt financial resource for the economic development of India. Foreign companies invest in India to take advantage of relatively lower wages, special investment privileges such as tax exemptions, etc. For a country where foreign investments are being made, it also means achieving technical know-how and generating employment. The Indian government’s favourable policy regime and robust business environment have ensured that foreign capital keeps flowing into the country. The government has taken many initiatives in recent years such as relaxing FDI norms across sectors such as defence, PSU oil refineries, telecom, power exchanges, and stock exchanges, among others.
An Overview of Foreign Direct Investments Flows In IndiaVARUN KESAVAN
Apart from being a critical driver of economic growth, foreign direct investment (FDI) is a major source of non-debt financial resource for the economic development of India. Foreign companies invest in India to take advantage of relatively lower wages, special investment privileges such as tax exemptions, etc. For a country where foreign investments are being made, it also means achieving technical know-how and generating employment.
The Indian government’s favourable policy regime and robust business environment have ensured that foreign capital keeps flowing into the country. The government has taken many initiatives in recent years such as relaxing FDI norms across sectors such as defence, PSU oil refineries, telecom, power exchanges, and stock exchanges, among others.
India australia business report singhania & partners mar 2016Singhania2015
• India and Australia, popularly connected by 3C’s i.e. Curry, Commonwealth and Cricket, were ruled by British and inherited parliamentary system of governance. Both the countries have several commonalities, which serve as a foundation for closer cooperation and multi-faceted interaction, on lines similar to what India has developed with other western countries. Both countries are members of regional organizations including the Indian Ocean Rim Association for Regional Cooperation and ASEAN Regional forum. The relationship has grown in strength and importance since India’s economic reforms in the nineties and has made rapid strides in all areas - trade, energy, mining, science & technology, information technology, education and defence .
FDI POLICY IN INDIA: RECENT RELAXATION OF NORMS Sandeep Gupta
The Union Government of India radically liberalized the FDI regime on June 20, 2016, with the objective of providing major impetus to employment and job creation in India. This was the second major set of reforms after changes were announced in November 2015. Post these amendments , most sectors shall be able to receive Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) under the automatic approval route, except a few sectors on a negative list. As a result, India is now the most open economy in the world for FDI and has been rated as Number 1 FDI Investment Destination by several International Agencies
Growth and Development of FDI on Indian EconomyIJMER
India has been attracting substantial of foreign direct investment since last few decades,
highly in services sector, telecommunications, software products, real estate etc. FDI are highly
promoting manufacturing sector of India’s exports & attracting more number of earnings on Foreign
exchange, Institutional Investments, MNCs and speeding up our economic growth through Technology
transfer, Employment generation and improved access to managerial expertise, global capital, product
markets and distribution network. FDI bring out the generation-wise innovation, hidden technology,
spending more on research & development to retain our strength in the globalised competitor
products. Indian economy is going to over track the developed and developing countries. Recently, due
to the recession most of the countries have not able to run their investment as well, but India has been
managed better then developed country without elevated struggling. This paper analyzes the growth
and development of FDI and it discussed the Indian economic growth through FDI. In addition it
explains and showed the various sector-wise FDI performances in India
Foreign direct investment in india an analytical studyDipti Patil
Foreign Direct Investment inflows in India seen rising 15 per cent in 2013 and observed to be grown steadily in volume and is a major source of development finance. Foreign Direct Investment is one and only major instrument of attracting International Economic Integration in any economy. It serves as a link between investment and saving. Recognizing that FDI can contribute to economic development, all governments want to attract it. This project examines the different forms of capital, the global and regional trends in FDI inflows, factors influencing FDI in India, and experiences in India, comparative study with global market. The policy implications of the determinants of FDI flows are analyzed.
FDI is an important factor in the globalization process as it intensifies the interaction between states, regions, and firms. Growing international flows of portfolio and direct investment, international trade, information and migration are all parts of this process. The large incentive in the volume of FDI during the past two decades provides a strong incentive for research on this phenomenon.
Mia Mia is a real time local search engine that enables people to search for a search provider anywhere with ease and convenience. Mia Mia is one of the best listing website for MBA Classes in Mumbai. We are also known for our systematic listing of various IPCC, Science coaching for CBSE, Engineering and other courses in Mumbai. QLI is a class where each student is our priority. Top MBA Institutes in Mumbai for CAT, XAT, NMAT and IIFT are listed on MiaMia.For details - visit: http://miamia.co.in/
Customer relationship managment in banking industryTapasya123
Customer Relationship Management is human function than technology
implementation. Banks need to constantly orient their employees and
vendors towards never losing focus of the customers, technology can be
harnessed to unable the human aspect to function more effectively. A
successful relationship will be one that lowers the business cost, increase
the company revenue and retains profitable relationship, win situation for
the company business and its valuable assets and business customers. The
banking business is becoming more and more complex with the changes
emerging from the liberalisation and globalisation. For new banks,
customer creation is important but established bank retention is much
more necessary with cost effective mechanism. The big benefit of customer
relationship management is the visibility of everything relating to
customers going on in your company. If an organization wants to provide
the better service to customers, it has to be able to manage everything
from complaints to sale opportunities. The core theme of all customer
relationship management and relationship marketing perspectives is to
focus on cooperative, collaborative relationship between the firm and its
customers and look after the marketing factors. Through this paper
researcher want to show the significance of customer relationship
management and also made as effort to explore the benefits of this concept
to banking industry.
A study of consumer protection act, 1986 in Banking SectorTapasya123
The Consumer Protection Act, 1986, is one of the significant socio-economic legislation
which has been enacted for protecting the interests of the consumers in India. This
is preventive and compensative in nature. The Act is intended to provide simple, speedy
and inexpensive redressal to the consumers’ grievances, and relief of a specific nature
and award of compensation. Consumerism is fast emerging as an environmental force
affecting important business decisions as consumers become more aware about their
rights. Although comprehensive statutory measures have been provided in India for
curbing unfair business practices, for protecting consumer interest, and for promoting
consumerism; companies have yet to do a lot. This paper is a study on role of Consumer
Protection Act in banking sector and researchers tried to explain that how it affects
the major decisions of the firm.
A survey on intelligent textile export business in rajasthanTapasya123
Rajasthan is traditionally rich for its Art-craft and textiles. We have
surpassed the initial stages of exploration and experimentation. Now there
is a need to raise our bar by working together with “Tradition” and
“Technology”. In this paper, we focus on the challenges and opportunities
for intelligent textiles in Rajasthan. There are many opportunities waiting
for intelligent product where Rajasthan may expand their export with
collaboration of tradition with technology and may create its remarkable
presence in the global market. The textile export of Rajasthan has
opportunity to expand itself in term of product and market diversification.
There is no doubt that manufacturer who have created niche market will
be better position to compete in the global market place and achieve
higher margins on products including greater profitability. This paper will
give over view of approaches including challenges and opportunities in
Rajasthan for intelligent textiles.
Microfinance alludes to little scale monetary administration for both
credits and stores that are given to individuals who homestead or fish or
crowd; work little or miniaturized scale ventures where merchandise are
delivered, reused, repaired, or exchanged; if administrations ;work for
wages or commissions ;pick up in-originate from leasing little measures of
area, vehicles, draft creatures ,or apparatus and apparatuses; and to
different people and nearby gatherings in creating nations, in both rustic
and urban ranges. Micro credits are given to business people excessively
poor, this study has accordingly, made an endeavour to analyse the part of
Microfinance and developing economy in India. It is a platform to deliver
financial products and complementary services reaching the poor in order
to get them out of poverty. By providing capital, trust, social esteem,
information, knowledge, competences, empowerment, networking, social
capital, technology and market access, microfinance institutions and other
sources of microfinance become active subject in the fight against poverty
in all its dimensions and levels. The integral development of the human
potential of the client and of her/his family, neighbourhood, and social networks is fostered by both well-established and innovative financial
products, whose high repayment ratio, remunerative interest rate (or
price) and low administrative cost guarantee the economic sustainability
of a well-managed institution.
India australia business report singhania & partners mar 2016Singhania2015
• India and Australia, popularly connected by 3C’s i.e. Curry, Commonwealth and Cricket, were ruled by British and inherited parliamentary system of governance. Both the countries have several commonalities, which serve as a foundation for closer cooperation and multi-faceted interaction, on lines similar to what India has developed with other western countries. Both countries are members of regional organizations including the Indian Ocean Rim Association for Regional Cooperation and ASEAN Regional forum. The relationship has grown in strength and importance since India’s economic reforms in the nineties and has made rapid strides in all areas - trade, energy, mining, science & technology, information technology, education and defence .
FDI POLICY IN INDIA: RECENT RELAXATION OF NORMS Sandeep Gupta
The Union Government of India radically liberalized the FDI regime on June 20, 2016, with the objective of providing major impetus to employment and job creation in India. This was the second major set of reforms after changes were announced in November 2015. Post these amendments , most sectors shall be able to receive Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) under the automatic approval route, except a few sectors on a negative list. As a result, India is now the most open economy in the world for FDI and has been rated as Number 1 FDI Investment Destination by several International Agencies
Growth and Development of FDI on Indian EconomyIJMER
India has been attracting substantial of foreign direct investment since last few decades,
highly in services sector, telecommunications, software products, real estate etc. FDI are highly
promoting manufacturing sector of India’s exports & attracting more number of earnings on Foreign
exchange, Institutional Investments, MNCs and speeding up our economic growth through Technology
transfer, Employment generation and improved access to managerial expertise, global capital, product
markets and distribution network. FDI bring out the generation-wise innovation, hidden technology,
spending more on research & development to retain our strength in the globalised competitor
products. Indian economy is going to over track the developed and developing countries. Recently, due
to the recession most of the countries have not able to run their investment as well, but India has been
managed better then developed country without elevated struggling. This paper analyzes the growth
and development of FDI and it discussed the Indian economic growth through FDI. In addition it
explains and showed the various sector-wise FDI performances in India
Foreign direct investment in india an analytical studyDipti Patil
Foreign Direct Investment inflows in India seen rising 15 per cent in 2013 and observed to be grown steadily in volume and is a major source of development finance. Foreign Direct Investment is one and only major instrument of attracting International Economic Integration in any economy. It serves as a link between investment and saving. Recognizing that FDI can contribute to economic development, all governments want to attract it. This project examines the different forms of capital, the global and regional trends in FDI inflows, factors influencing FDI in India, and experiences in India, comparative study with global market. The policy implications of the determinants of FDI flows are analyzed.
FDI is an important factor in the globalization process as it intensifies the interaction between states, regions, and firms. Growing international flows of portfolio and direct investment, international trade, information and migration are all parts of this process. The large incentive in the volume of FDI during the past two decades provides a strong incentive for research on this phenomenon.
Mia Mia is a real time local search engine that enables people to search for a search provider anywhere with ease and convenience. Mia Mia is one of the best listing website for MBA Classes in Mumbai. We are also known for our systematic listing of various IPCC, Science coaching for CBSE, Engineering and other courses in Mumbai. QLI is a class where each student is our priority. Top MBA Institutes in Mumbai for CAT, XAT, NMAT and IIFT are listed on MiaMia.For details - visit: http://miamia.co.in/
Customer relationship managment in banking industryTapasya123
Customer Relationship Management is human function than technology
implementation. Banks need to constantly orient their employees and
vendors towards never losing focus of the customers, technology can be
harnessed to unable the human aspect to function more effectively. A
successful relationship will be one that lowers the business cost, increase
the company revenue and retains profitable relationship, win situation for
the company business and its valuable assets and business customers. The
banking business is becoming more and more complex with the changes
emerging from the liberalisation and globalisation. For new banks,
customer creation is important but established bank retention is much
more necessary with cost effective mechanism. The big benefit of customer
relationship management is the visibility of everything relating to
customers going on in your company. If an organization wants to provide
the better service to customers, it has to be able to manage everything
from complaints to sale opportunities. The core theme of all customer
relationship management and relationship marketing perspectives is to
focus on cooperative, collaborative relationship between the firm and its
customers and look after the marketing factors. Through this paper
researcher want to show the significance of customer relationship
management and also made as effort to explore the benefits of this concept
to banking industry.
A study of consumer protection act, 1986 in Banking SectorTapasya123
The Consumer Protection Act, 1986, is one of the significant socio-economic legislation
which has been enacted for protecting the interests of the consumers in India. This
is preventive and compensative in nature. The Act is intended to provide simple, speedy
and inexpensive redressal to the consumers’ grievances, and relief of a specific nature
and award of compensation. Consumerism is fast emerging as an environmental force
affecting important business decisions as consumers become more aware about their
rights. Although comprehensive statutory measures have been provided in India for
curbing unfair business practices, for protecting consumer interest, and for promoting
consumerism; companies have yet to do a lot. This paper is a study on role of Consumer
Protection Act in banking sector and researchers tried to explain that how it affects
the major decisions of the firm.
A survey on intelligent textile export business in rajasthanTapasya123
Rajasthan is traditionally rich for its Art-craft and textiles. We have
surpassed the initial stages of exploration and experimentation. Now there
is a need to raise our bar by working together with “Tradition” and
“Technology”. In this paper, we focus on the challenges and opportunities
for intelligent textiles in Rajasthan. There are many opportunities waiting
for intelligent product where Rajasthan may expand their export with
collaboration of tradition with technology and may create its remarkable
presence in the global market. The textile export of Rajasthan has
opportunity to expand itself in term of product and market diversification.
There is no doubt that manufacturer who have created niche market will
be better position to compete in the global market place and achieve
higher margins on products including greater profitability. This paper will
give over view of approaches including challenges and opportunities in
Rajasthan for intelligent textiles.
Microfinance alludes to little scale monetary administration for both
credits and stores that are given to individuals who homestead or fish or
crowd; work little or miniaturized scale ventures where merchandise are
delivered, reused, repaired, or exchanged; if administrations ;work for
wages or commissions ;pick up in-originate from leasing little measures of
area, vehicles, draft creatures ,or apparatus and apparatuses; and to
different people and nearby gatherings in creating nations, in both rustic
and urban ranges. Micro credits are given to business people excessively
poor, this study has accordingly, made an endeavour to analyse the part of
Microfinance and developing economy in India. It is a platform to deliver
financial products and complementary services reaching the poor in order
to get them out of poverty. By providing capital, trust, social esteem,
information, knowledge, competences, empowerment, networking, social
capital, technology and market access, microfinance institutions and other
sources of microfinance become active subject in the fight against poverty
in all its dimensions and levels. The integral development of the human
potential of the client and of her/his family, neighbourhood, and social networks is fostered by both well-established and innovative financial
products, whose high repayment ratio, remunerative interest rate (or
price) and low administrative cost guarantee the economic sustainability
of a well-managed institution.
Library automation in india and co operationTapasya123
Mechanisation was aimed at handling problems of bulk, weight and distance at replacing
muscle and movement with machines. This is the name given to an automatic system
of working. The difference between both automation and mechanization is mainly one
of degree. The automatic handling of parts between progressive production processes
in relation to engineering industries.
A study on patient satisfaction with special reference to government hospital...Tapasya123
In this study researchers analyse the satisfaction level of patients regard to facilities
available in government hospitals. A sample of 100 patients is taken from Pandit Brij
Sundar Shama Government General Hospital (GGH) at Bundi District in the state
of Rajasthan in India. Four dimensions of perceived quality were identified—Admission
Procedure, Diagnostic Services, Behaviour of the staff, Cleanliness. The developed
scale is used to evaluate perceived quality at a range of various types of facilities
for patients. Perceived quality at public facilities is only marginally favourable, leaving
much scope for improvement. Better staff and physician relations, interpersonal skills,
good diagnostic and cleanliness service can improve the level of satisfaction among
employees.
Keywords:
Michael E. Porter, a Professor at the Harward Business School, is a noted
authority in the field of competitive strategy have immensely helped in
improving the ability of firms and other organizations to compete,
drawing on a rich understanding of the principles of competition. His
magnum opus Competitive Strategy, translated into nineteen languages,
has transformed the theory, practice and teaching of business strategy
throughout the world.
Working capital analysis in rajasthan financial corporationTapasya123
Working Capital management is concerned with the problems that arise
in attempting to manage current assets, current liabilities and
interrelationship that exists in between them. The success of an
organisation to a greater extent depends upon the effective management
of working capital. It guarantees financial soundness of organisation and
therefore keeps it away from sickness zone. This study is a modest attempt
in this direction by undertaking a study of working capital management.
Through present study researcher has tried to examine sources used by
Rajasthan Financial Corporation to finance their working capital
requirements and to analyse and evaluate working capital management.
The paper has also examined the liquidity position of Rajasthan Financial
Corporation. In order to examine and analyse, financial statements of
Rajasthan Financial Corporation are collected for the period of five years
from 2009- 2014 and ratio analysis was conducted and analysed to check
the working capital conditions of Rajasthan Financial Corporation.
Impact of octapace model on banking employees a comparative study of private...Tapasya123
Organisational culture is an aspect that impacts every organisation’s functioning, different
organisation needs different kind of culture to be set up. It is defined in terms of
shared meaning, patterns of beliefs, rituals, symbols, and myths that evolve over time,
service to reduce human variability and control and shape employee behaviour in
organisation. The present research aims to compare private sector and public sector
banks in terms of values of employees. The study attempts to know the impact of
OCTAPACE model on banking employees of private and public sector banks in Rajasthan.
The sample includes equal number of employees from public and private sector banks.
The analysis shows that the employees perceive almost the same pattern in which the
various values exist in the organisations. The main implication of this research on
organisational culture suggest that there is a scope for further improvement in the
sample study organisations which would improve their work life by overcoming the
monotony.
Consumer buying behaviour towards the gold jewellery speciall in jaipur cityTapasya123
The main purpose of conducting this research is to study the preference to the buying
jewellery with special reference to Jaipur city. The objective of the study is to get
insight about the consumer buying behaviour and factor influencing it such as cultural,
social, economic factors and brand awareness etc. while purchasing of gold jewellery
at various jewellery retail stores at Jaipur city. The primary data was collected through
questionnaire and personal contact from around 200 customers mainly from the top
jewellery retail stores like Birdichand Ghanshyamdas Jewellers, Tanisq, Kalaji, Surana
Jewellers, JKJ Jewellers. Data collected and analysed using simple percentage
method,Chi-square and ranking method. The study was restricted only to Jaipur city
and some of the customer were not serious in their responses therefore result can
not be generalised. The study helps jewellery retail stores to understand about the
buying behaviour of customer towards jewellery.
Six sigma originally developed in 1986 by Motorala, the business
management strategy is now used in many different industries in an effort
to improve the quality of products or services produced by the business
through the removal of effects and errors. The strategy involves creating
groups of people within the business or organisation who have expert
status in various methods, and then each product is carried out according
to a set of steps in an effort to reach specific financial milestones. A six
sigma process is defined as one in which 99.99966% of products created
are expected to be statistically free from defects.
As the time has grown the mankind has also grown in terms of technology,
living standard, the way of keeping records. In the initial years the
requirement of remembering information and keeping information intact
for future use was very less. But as the human developed himself, the
requirement of keeping information in an effective manner and in terms of
capacity becomes a crucial issue to be resolved. To solve this problem
several techniques came up in the meanwhile. And now when data capacity
has no limit and humans doesn’t want the pattern of storage and
processing to be a hurdle; BIG DATA came up as a rescue plan.The motive
of writing this paper is to understand the storage pattern of data
developed over the years.
Seed spices production in rajasthan– an overviewTapasya123
Rajasthan and Gujarat are also known as ǮSeed Spices Bowlǯ and
contributes more than 80% of total seed spices production in India. Other
states where seed spices are commonly grown are Bihar, West Bengal,
Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Punjab, Karnataka and Tamil
Nadu. Since there is a large scope of seed spices by introducing them in new
areas, the higher yields can also be achieved effortlessly by implementing
new technologies and introducing modern cultural practices, enhancing
the knowledge of latest techniques to the farmers and putting more area
under these seed spices crops. Many production technologies and
introduction of new varieties through research have been generated by
National Research Centre on Seed Spices for increasing the profitability of
Seed Spices in Rajasthan. The global demand for Indian Spices is
increasingly day by day. In terms of export, there is an increase of 29% in
Coriander, 70% in Cumin, 3.1% in celery, 58% in Fennel, 49% in Fenugreek
and 97% in others and overall 62%. It can be analysed that there is still a
huge demand for Indian Spices all over the world. Keeping in view researcher can say that Seed Spices are not only the cash crops but there is
also a huge export potentiality.
From the last two decades, new interesting financial development in the
financial Market has been growing popularity in agriculture products,
derivatives etc. Both the producers and sellers get the fair prices
transparency through this mechanism. Some of the commodity derivatives
are traded on exchanges. Hedgers and speculators are also finding it more
comfortable to trade a derivative in commodity Market. In this paper
researcher made an effort to discuss about the market, history of the
market, main objectives of the market, commodity market in India and
major commodity exchanges of India MCX and NCDEX.
Achieving organisation excellence through diversity managementTapasya123
The globalisation of world trade, frequent mergers, acquisitions and increasing ethno
cultural diversity of markets is shaping the workplace of 21st century. The increasing
globalisation has led to interaction among people from diverse cultures, beliefs and
backgrounds than ever before. This interaction has given the new shape to the market
and organisation by inducing diversity into them. This existence of diversity has produced
not only differences in work ethics and religious differences but also benefitted the
companies by gaining a new insight from a management and marketing standpoint.
Diversity can’t be used as a competitive organisational strength unless it’s managed
effectively therefore diversity management supported by programs, activities and tools
acts as a strategic approach in managing and valuing diversity the key components
which directly or indirectly effects organisation productivity. So, the subject matter
of this paper focuses on how pursuing diversity management by an organisation can
lead to earn productivity at a competitive global arena. The discussion is based on
how successful diversity management, practices and programs make a huge difference
in retaining diverse customers and productivity of the organisation. The paper introduces
a framework for expanding the diversity management research towards conceptual
and empirical direction by focussing how diversity management is being positively
associated with organisation excellence and how an organisation considers it to be
a part of their work culture to earn that excellence.
Keywords:
Demographic profile and buying behaviour can be the two determinants for making
perception about the investor's objective. Evidences also suggest that factors such
as profession, gender, risk/return objectives and educational qualification affect an
individual's investment decision. So, it is important to study the dependence/relationship
between various demographic factors, and the investment personality exhibited by the
investor. This study aims to investigate the effect of the demographic profile of investors
on investment choice of both gold and non gold. The research intends to investigate
the buying behaviour of investors as gold their investment with possible reasons of
purchase, mode of purchase and options of purchase and brings out the relationship
between gold and stock market as the investment avenue and the perception towards
the gold buying behaviour. The paper is based upon primary data. Chi Square Test
of Independence has been used to test the dependence of events, skills, goals and
strategies.
A value added approach by triple bottom line for Sustainable DevelopmentTapasya123
In the era of 21st century, a Triple Bottom Line not only measure profits as earlier,
but also measures the social, environmental and economic dimensions of an entity
through its activities and processes. It is a new way of evaluating a company’s impact
of their actions on both local as well as global scale for the survival and longevity
of an organisation. Due to uncertainty and unpredictability, corporate values are in
move from traditional to human and societal values. It is the first and foremost
responsibility of profit, non-profit or government sector to fulfill the various obligations
of their stakeholders as well as the planet we are living on. Traditional Accounting
methods do not take in consideration the intangible assets (human capital and intellectual
capital) and risks. Though, these factors are also the main attributes that affect
organisations accountability. Thus, there is a need of the hour to develop a system
of accounting that may include intangible assets and risks. There lies a major reason
for emergence of triple bottom line. Triple bottom line is thinking holistically, exploring
the inter-related relationships between the economic, social and environment that is
People + Planet + Profit (3 P’s). The companies aiming for sustainability need to
perform not against a traditional single, financial bottom line but against the triple
bottom line. This paper focuse on how triple bottom line approach change the way
of evaluating and reporting the performance of corporations. This paper emphasis
on how a value addition in financial bottom line changed into triple bottom line.
Choupal in Hindi language means a village gathering place. Taking this gathering
place to the virtual world, ITC (one of the India’s largest and oldest business
conglomerates) introduced the e – Choupal to empower rural India in the year 2000.
e – Choupal provides better supply chain for ITC’s food and agri businesses. It enables
reach to the underserved rural markets. For rural farmers it caters new IT enabled
services and business opportunities i.e. health, education, entertainment, and e–
governance. It increases shareholder’s value through serving the society. The critical
success factors of e– Choupal are comprehensive knowledge of rural markets, designing
a win – win transaction model, leveraging the logistics channel, selection of Sanchalak
(operator), evolving an appropriate user interface and bottom-up model for
entrepreneurship. The e– Choupal model shows that a large corporation can play
a major role in recognising markets and increasing the efficiency of an agricultural
system. The case also uncovers the key role of information technology – in this case
provided and maintained by a corporation – but utilised by local farmers. This access
to information helps farmers in improving the quality of produce and obtaining better
prices. Elected from the village itself, a literate farmer acts as the interface between
the illiterate farmers and the computer. The model shows that a large corporation
can combine a social mission and an ambitious commercial venture, that it can play
a major role in rationalising markets and increasing the efficiency of an agriculture
system, and do so in ways that benefit rural communities. This case study given here
covers the background, the impact, key elements of empowerment, issues, lessons,
determinants for success and long term assessment of the system’s productivity and
efficiency levels.
In the age of competition banking industry is facing increasing competition form
not only private banks and International markets. The assumption is made or it is
expected that the operational structure of banking in India will be changed in the
near future due to the emergence of new private banks. The private banks are
more enriched and diversified in spreading the wholesale as well as retail
banking. The speedy expansion and diversification of private sector banks has led
new challenges in front of the banking sector. Banking sector is coming with new
strategies and policies to cope with the changing environment to face the
competition. The existing banks getting the benefits of their wide branch network
and geographic spread whereas new emerging private banks have the massive
capital, lean personnel components expertise to develop financial product and use
of state of the act technology. It has become very difficult to maintain balance
between efficiency and stability as the banking institutions are increasing in
present corporate environment.Banking institutions becoming complex under the
impact of deregulation, innovation and technological up gradation. During the
last 30years, since nationalisation tremendous changes have been seen in the
financial markets as well as in the banking industry due to the financial sector
reform. Now the banks are not more functioning on their traditional functions but they are innovating improving and coming out with the new types of services to
full fit the emerging need of their customers. This paper explains the
developments in the banking sector, significance of banking sector, new reforms,
challenges faced by banking sector.
Corporate social responsibility status in indiaTapasya123
In India from ancient time social responsibility is known as social duty or
charity, which is changing its nature in broader aspect, known as
Corporate Social Responsibility. Corporate Social Responsibility is defining
as a concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental
concerns in their business operations and in their interaction with their
stakeholders on a voluntary basis. Now a day’s organisations have realised
that ultimate goal is not profit making besides this trust building is viable
and assert able with societal relationship. Many of the leading companies
had realised the importance of being associated with social relevant causes
as a means of promoting their brand. Though, Indian companies are
practicing the Corporate Social Responsibility for decades but still it is at
its growth. A lack of understanding, inadequately trained personnel, policy
etc further adds to the reach and effectiveness of Corporate Social
Responsibility programs. This paper tries to focuses on the present status of
Corporate Social Responsibility in India.
Make in India is an initiative of the Government of India to encourage multi-national, as well as domestic, companies to manufacture their products in India. It was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 25 September 2014.India would emerge, after initiation of the programme in 2015, as the top destination globally for foreign direct investment, surpassing China as well as the United States.
The Main Motto of The Government of India is to invite business entities from all over the world to invest in Indian Manufacturing industry. For this GOI is trying to simplify the rules and regulations to invite investment from foreign investors.
Make In India is a new national program designed to transform India into a global manufacturing hub. It contains a raft of proposals designed to urge companies - local and foreign - to invest in India and make the country a manufacturing powerhouse.
The major objective behind the initiative is to focus on job creation and skill enhancement in 25 sectors of the economy.
The initiative also aims at high quality standards and minimising the impact on the environment.
The initiative hopes to attract capital and technological investment in India.
Under the initiative, brochures on the 25 sectors and a web portal were released. Before the initiative was launched, foreign equity caps in various sectors had been relaxed. The application for licences was made available online and the validity of licences was increased to three years. Various other norms and procedures were also relaxed.
Make in India's all information you want to need in this Presentation. Please download it and make sure you will not download any more Information regarding it if you will see this.
Production Linked Incentive Scheme by Government of IndiaVIKAS CHAUHAN
The Central Government has unveiled a
PRODUCTION LINKED INCENTIVE SCHEME
to encourage domestic manufacturing
investments in 10 More Sectors with an
estimated outlay of about Rs1.46 Lakh Crore
over the next Five Years.
These Sectors have been identified on the basis
of their potential to create employment and
make India Self-Relian
India and Australia, popularly connected by 3C’s i.e. Curry, Commonwealth and Cricket, were ruled by British and inherited parliamentary system of governance. Both the countries have several commonalities, which serve as a foundation for closer cooperation and multi-faceted interaction, on lines similar to what India has developed with other western countries. Both countries are members of regional organizations including the Indian Ocean Rim Association for Regional Cooperation and ASEAN Regional forum. The relationship has grown in strength and importance since India’s economic reforms in the nineties and has made rapid strides in all areas - trade, energy, mining, science & technology, information technology, education and defence
The topic was delivered by Shri B.S. Mubarak IFS, Director (South) – Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India, Delhi | Former Consul General of India in Saudi Arabia.
Dennis Gada, Infosys, Asia Business Week Dublin 2014Asia Matters
“Changing Infrastructure in India - Opportunities for India-EU business partnerships” Dennis Gada, Global Head of Client Services for Financial Services, Infosys, speaking on June 6 at the Fourth EU Asia Top Economist Round Table during Asia Business Week Dublin 2014
Introduction to Indian Financial System ()Avanish Goel
The financial system of a country is an important tool for economic development of the country, as it helps in creation of wealth by linking savings with investments.
It facilitates the flow of funds form the households (savers) to business firms (investors) to aid in wealth creation and development of both the parties
how to sell pi coins at high rate quickly.DOT TECH
Where can I sell my pi coins at a high rate.
Pi is not launched yet on any exchange. But one can easily sell his or her pi coins to investors who want to hold pi till mainnet launch.
This means crypto whales want to hold pi. And you can get a good rate for selling pi to them. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor below.
A vendor is someone who buys from a miner and resell it to a holder or crypto whale.
Here is the telegram contact of my vendor:
@Pi_vendor_247
US Economic Outlook - Being Decided - M Capital Group August 2021.pdfpchutichetpong
The U.S. economy is continuing its impressive recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and not slowing down despite re-occurring bumps. The U.S. savings rate reached its highest ever recorded level at 34% in April 2020 and Americans seem ready to spend. The sectors that had been hurt the most by the pandemic specifically reduced consumer spending, like retail, leisure, hospitality, and travel, are now experiencing massive growth in revenue and job openings.
Could this growth lead to a “Roaring Twenties”? As quickly as the U.S. economy contracted, experiencing a 9.1% drop in economic output relative to the business cycle in Q2 2020, the largest in recorded history, it has rebounded beyond expectations. This surprising growth seems to be fueled by the U.S. government’s aggressive fiscal and monetary policies, and an increase in consumer spending as mobility restrictions are lifted. Unemployment rates between June 2020 and June 2021 decreased by 5.2%, while the demand for labor is increasing, coupled with increasing wages to incentivize Americans to rejoin the labor force. Schools and businesses are expected to fully reopen soon. In parallel, vaccination rates across the country and the world continue to rise, with full vaccination rates of 50% and 14.8% respectively.
However, it is not completely smooth sailing from here. According to M Capital Group, the main risks that threaten the continued growth of the U.S. economy are inflation, unsettled trade relations, and another wave of Covid-19 mutations that could shut down the world again. Have we learned from the past year of COVID-19 and adapted our economy accordingly?
“In order for the U.S. economy to continue growing, whether there is another wave or not, the U.S. needs to focus on diversifying supply chains, supporting business investment, and maintaining consumer spending,” says Grace Feeley, a research analyst at M Capital Group.
While the economic indicators are positive, the risks are coming closer to manifesting and threatening such growth. The new variants spreading throughout the world, Delta, Lambda, and Gamma, are vaccine-resistant and muddy the predictions made about the economy and health of the country. These variants bring back the feeling of uncertainty that has wreaked havoc not only on the stock market but the mindset of people around the world. MCG provides unique insight on how to mitigate these risks to possibly ensure a bright economic future.
what is the future of Pi Network currency.DOT TECH
The future of the Pi cryptocurrency is uncertain, and its success will depend on several factors. Pi is a relatively new cryptocurrency that aims to be user-friendly and accessible to a wide audience. Here are a few key considerations for its future:
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram if u want to sell PI COINS.
1. Mainnet Launch: As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, Pi was still in the testnet phase. Its success will depend on a successful transition to a mainnet, where actual transactions can take place.
2. User Adoption: Pi's success will be closely tied to user adoption. The more users who join the network and actively participate, the stronger the ecosystem can become.
3. Utility and Use Cases: For a cryptocurrency to thrive, it must offer utility and practical use cases. The Pi team has talked about various applications, including peer-to-peer transactions, smart contracts, and more. The development and implementation of these features will be essential.
4. Regulatory Environment: The regulatory environment for cryptocurrencies is evolving globally. How Pi navigates and complies with regulations in various jurisdictions will significantly impact its future.
5. Technology Development: The Pi network must continue to develop and improve its technology, security, and scalability to compete with established cryptocurrencies.
6. Community Engagement: The Pi community plays a critical role in its future. Engaged users can help build trust and grow the network.
7. Monetization and Sustainability: The Pi team's monetization strategy, such as fees, partnerships, or other revenue sources, will affect its long-term sustainability.
It's essential to approach Pi or any new cryptocurrency with caution and conduct due diligence. Cryptocurrency investments involve risks, and potential rewards can be uncertain. The success and future of Pi will depend on the collective efforts of its team, community, and the broader cryptocurrency market dynamics. It's advisable to stay updated on Pi's development and follow any updates from the official Pi Network website or announcements from the team.
Currently pi network is not tradable on binance or any other exchange because we are still in the enclosed mainnet.
Right now the only way to sell pi coins is by trading with a verified merchant.
What is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone verified by pi network team and allowed to barter pi coins for goods and services.
Since pi network is not doing any pre-sale The only way exchanges like binance/huobi or crypto whales can get pi is by buying from miners. And a merchant stands in between the exchanges and the miners.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant. I and my friends has traded more than 6000pi coins successfully
Tele-gram
@Pi_vendor_247
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank Introduce New Co-Branded Credit Cardnickysharmasucks
The unveiling of the IndusInd Bank Poonawalla Fincorp eLITE RuPay Platinum Credit Card marks a notable milestone in the Indian financial landscape, showcasing a successful partnership between two leading institutions, Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank. This co-branded credit card not only offers users a plethora of benefits but also reflects a commitment to innovation and adaptation. With a focus on providing value-driven and customer-centric solutions, this launch represents more than just a new product—it signifies a step towards redefining the banking experience for millions. Promising convenience, rewards, and a touch of luxury in everyday financial transactions, this collaboration aims to cater to the evolving needs of customers and set new standards in the industry.
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
what is the best method to sell pi coins in 2024DOT TECH
The best way to sell your pi coins safely is trading with an exchange..but since pi is not launched in any exchange, and second option is through a VERIFIED pi merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and pioneers and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive amounts before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade pi coins with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Exploring Abhay Bhutada’s Views After Poonawalla Fincorp’s Collaboration With...beulahfernandes8
The financial landscape in India has witnessed a significant development with the recent collaboration between Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank.
The launch of the co-branded credit card, the IndusInd Bank Poonawalla Fincorp eLITE RuPay Platinum Credit Card, marks a major milestone for both entities.
This strategic move aims to redefine and elevate the banking experience for customers.
Empowering the Unbanked: The Vital Role of NBFCs in Promoting Financial Inclu...Vighnesh Shashtri
In India, financial inclusion remains a critical challenge, with a significant portion of the population still unbanked. Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) have emerged as key players in bridging this gap by providing financial services to those often overlooked by traditional banking institutions. This article delves into how NBFCs are fostering financial inclusion and empowering the unbanked.
where can I find a legit pi merchant onlineDOT TECH
Yes. This is very easy what you need is a recommendation from someone who has successfully traded pi coins before with a merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold thousands of pi coins before the open mainnet.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the telegram id of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Tele gram: @Pi_vendor_247
#pi #sell #nigeria #pinetwork #picoins #sellpi #Nigerian #tradepi #pinetworkcoins #sellmypi
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the Telegram username
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)
Foreign direct investment
1. Foreign Direct Investment
Foreign Direct Investment
Dr. Neetu Mathur
Abstract
Apart from being a critical driver of economic growth, foreign direct
investment (FDI) is a major source of non-debt financial resource for the
economic development of India. Foreign companies invest in India to take
advantage of relatively lower wages, special investment privileges such as
tax exemptions, etc. For a country where foreign investments are being
made, it also means achieving technical know-how and generating
employment. The Indian government’s favourable policy regime and robust
business environment have ensured that foreign capital keeps flowing into
the country. The government has taken many initiatives in recent years
such as relaxing FDI norms across sectors such as defence, PSU oil
refineries, telecom, power exchanges, and stock exchanges, among others.
Keywords: Indian Economy, FDI, Employment.
Road ahead
According to United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
(UNCTAD) World Investment Report 2015, India acquired ninth slot in
the top 10 countries attracting highest FDI in 2014 as compared to 15th
position in the year 2015.r. The report also mentioned that the FDI
inflows to India are likely to exhibit an upward trend on account of
economic recovery. India also jumped 16 notches to 55 among 140
countries in the World Economic Forum’s Global Competitiveness Index
that ranks countries on the basis of parameters such as institutions,
Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration, Kanoria P.G.
Mahila Mahavidhalaya, Jaipur
2. Professional Panorama: An International Journal of Management & Technology
Foreign Direct Investment 74
macroeconomic environment, education, market size and infrastructure
among others.
India will require around US$ 1 trillion in the 12th Five-Year Plan
(2012–17), to fund infrastructure growth covering sectors such as
highways, ports and airways. This would require support from FDI flows.
During 2014, foreign investment was witnessed in sectors such as
services, telecommunications, computer software and hardware,
construction development, power, trading, and automobile, among
others.
Exchange Rate Used: INR 1 = US$ 0.0147 as on March 01, 2016.
Foreign Direct Investment in India increased by 2473 USD Million in
February of 2016. Foreign Direct Investment in India averaged 1145.82
USD Million from 1995 until 2016, reaching an all time high of 5670 USD
Million in February of 2008 and a record low of -60 USD Million in
February of 2014. Foreign Direct Investment in India is reported by the
Reserve Bank of India.
Investments
Based on the recommendations of Foreign Investment Promotion Board
(FIPB) in its 231st meeting held on January 22, 2016, the Government has
approved ten FDI proposals involving FDI of Rs 607 crore (US$ 89.06
million), and recommended one proposal for approval of Cabinet
Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) involving FDI of Rs 5,856.51
crore (US$ 859 million).
3. Professional Panorama: An International Journal of Management & Technology
Foreign Direct Investment 75
Some of the recent significant FDI announcements are as follows
E-commerce giant Amazon plans to set up its second largest
global delivery centre outside the United States, in Hyderabad,
which will be 2.9 million square feet in size and employ 13,500
people, compared to 1,000 Amazon employees across different
offices.
Global beverage company Pepsi plans to invest Rs 500 crore (US$
72.84 million) to set up another unit in Maharashtra to make
mango, pomegranate and orange-based citrus juices, while
biotechnology giant Monsanto plans to set up a seed plant in
Buldhana district of Maharashtra.
Apple will build its first technology development centre outside
the US in Hyderabad with an investment of $25 million, likely
employing about 4,500 people, as per a senior Telangana state
government official.
Japan has won the right to construct India’s first bullet train, while
offering a loan of US$ 8.11 billion to India for the same.
Chinese mobile handset maker, Coolpad Group Limited, has
committed US$ 300 million for setting up a research and
development (R&D) centre and its own assembly line in India by
2017.
Amazon India expanded its logistics footprint three times to more
than 2,100 cities and towns in 2015, as Amazon.com invested
more than US$ 700 million in its India operations since July 2014.
Indian Railways has issued a Letter of Award (LoA) to US-based
General Electric (GE) for a Rs 14,656 crore (US$ 2.15 billion)
diesel locomotive factory project at Marhowra, and to French
transport major Alstom for Rs 20,000 crore (US$ 2.93 billion)
electric locomotive project in Madhepura, Bihar.
4. Professional Panorama: An International Journal of Management & Technology
Foreign Direct Investment 76
Kellogg Co, world's largest cereal maker, is making large
investments in manufacturing and plans to set up its first
Research and Development (R&D) facility in India at Taloja, near
Mumbai.
The Government of Karnataka has signed an agreement with the
Taiwan Electrical and Electronic Manufacturers Association for
the purpose of creating a Taiwanese electronic manufacturing
cluster near the Bengaluru airport, with an investment
expectation of Rs 3,200 crore (US$ 469.5 million).
Posco Korea, the multinational Korean steel company, has signed
an agreement with Shree Uttam Steel and Power (part of Uttam
Galva Group) to set up a steel plant at Satarda in Maharashtra.
Foxconn has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with
Maharashtra state government to invest US$ 5 billion over the
next three years for setting up a manufacturing unit between
Mumbai and Pune.
Global giants such as Bombardier, Hyundai-ROTEM, TALGO and
CAF have queued up to manufacture semi high-speed train sets in
India, which will be used for faster inter-city travel.
Germany-based ThyssenKrupp group is aiming to double its
revenue from India to US$ 1 billion in next three-four years while
the group’s elevator unit, ThyssenKrupp Elevator, plans to invest
EUR 44 million (US$ 50.5 million) to set up a manufacturing plant
in Chakan, Pune.
Swedish home furnishing brand Ikea has made a long-term plan of
opening 25 stores in India by making an investment worth Rs
12,500 crore (US$ 1.83 billion).
Google plans to invest Rs 1,500 crore (US$ 220 million) for a new
campus in Hyderabad which will be focused on three key areas —
5. Professional Panorama: An International Journal of Management & Technology
Foreign Direct Investment 77
Google Education, Google Fibre broadband services and Street
view.
Warburg Pincus, a US based Private Equity (PE) firm, has planned
to invest Rs 850 crore (US$ 124 million) in Ecom Express – an
India based logistics solutions provider.
Government Initiatives
Budget 2016-17 has proposed several reforms in Foreign Direct
Investment (FDI) Policy in areas of insurance and pensions, asset
reconstruction companies and stock exchanges, such as easier governing
and fund raising norms, clarification of tax related matters and higher
FDI limits.
In order to make India a more attractive foreign investment destination,
the Ministry of Finance is planning to introduce the residency permit
policy, which will allow key executives of foreign companies making
investments worth US$ 2 billion or more in India, to avail various
facilities such as special package on upscale housing, residency permits
allowing long stay in the country, and cheap rates for utilities.
Government of India has amended the FDI policy regarding Construction
Development Sector. The amended policy includes easing of area
restriction norms, reduction of minimum capitalisation and easy exit
from project.
Government of India has recently relaxed foreign direct investment (FDI)
policy in 15 sectors, such as raising the foreign investment limit for some
sectors, easing the conditions for others and putting many on the
automatic route for approval. Sectors that benefited from the relaxation
include defence, real estate, private banking, defence, civil aviation, single
brand retail and news broadcasting. New rules provide for easier exit
from investment in the construction sector while foreign investment
limit in defence and airlines was allowed up to 49 per cent through the
automatic route. Banks were allowed fungible FDI investment up to 74
6. Professional Panorama: An International Journal of Management & Technology
Foreign Direct Investment 78
per cent, which means that FII investment in private banks can rise to
this limit.
Government of India recently relaxed the FDI policy norms for Non-
Resident Indians (NRIs). Under this, the non-repatriable investments
made by the Persons of Indian Origin (PIOs), Overseas Citizens of India
(OCI) and NRIs will be treated as domestic investments and will not be
subject to FDI caps.
The government has also raised FDI cap in insurance from 26 per cent to
49 per cent through a notification issued by the DIPP. The limit is
composite in nature as it includes foreign investment in the form of
foreign portfolio investment, foreign institutional investment, qualified
foreign investment, foreign venture capital investment, and non-resident
investment.
The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) has raised the
threshold for foreign direct investment requiring its approval to Rs 3,000
crore (US$ 440.15 million) from the present Rs 1,200 crore (US$ 176.06
million). This decision is expected to expedite the approval process and
result in increased foreign investment inflow.
India’s cabinet cleared a proposal which allows 100 per cent FDI in
railway infrastructure, excluding operations. Though the initiative does
not allow foreign firms to operate trains, it allows them to invest in areas
such as creating the network and supplying trains for bullet trains etc.
India is likely to grant most favoured nation (MFN) treatment to 15
countries that are in talks regarding an agreement on the Regional
Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), which would result in
significant easing of investment rules for these countries.
Government of India plans to further simplify rules for Foreign Direct
Investment (FDI) such as increasing FDI investment limits in sectors and
include more sectors in the automatic approval route, to attract more
investments in the country.
7. Professional Panorama: An International Journal of Management & Technology
Foreign Direct Investment 79
Major Sectors for Foreign Direct Investment are:
Infrastructure
10% of India's GDP is based on construction activity. Indian government
has plans to invest $1 trillion on infrastructure from 2012–2017. 40% of
this $1 trillion is to be funded by private sector. 100% FDI under
automatic route is permitted in construction sector for cities and
townships
Automotive
FDI in automotive sector was increased by 89% between April 2014 to
February 2015. India is 7th largest producer of vehicles in the world with
17.5 million vehicles annually. 100% FDI is permitted in this sector via
automatic route. Automobiles shares 7% of the India's GDP.
Pharmaceuticals
Indian pharmaceutical market is 3rd largest in terms of volume and 13th
largest in terms of value. Indian Pharma industry is expected to grow at
20% compound annual growth rate from 2015 to 2020. 100% FDI is
permitted in this sector.
Service
FDI in service sector was increased by 46% in 2014–15. Service sector
includes banking, insurance, outsourcing, research & development,
courier and technology testing. FDI limit in insurance sector was raised
from 26% to 49% in 2014.
Railways
100% FDI is allowed under automatic route in most of areas of railway
like High speed train, railway electrification, passenger terminal, mass
rapid transport systems etc. Mumbai-Hyderabad high speed
corridor project is single largest railway project in India, other
being CSTM-Panvel suburban corridor. Foreign investment more
than ₹90000 crore (US$13 billion) is expected in these projects.
8. Professional Panorama: An International Journal of Management & Technology
Foreign Direct Investment 80
Chemicals
Chemical industry of India earned revenue of $ 155–160 billion in
2013. 100% FDI is allowed in Chemical sector under automatic route.
Except Hydrocynic acid, Phosgene, Isocynates and their derivatives,
production of all other chemicals is de-licensed in India.] India's share in
global specialty chemical industry is expected to rise from 2.8% in 2013
to 6–7% in 2023.
Textile
Textile is one major contributor to India's export. Nearly 11% of India's
total export is textile. This sector has attracted about $ 1647 million from
April 2000 to May 2015. 100% FDI is allowed under automatic route.
During year 2013–14, FDI in textile sector was increased by 91%. Indian
textile industry is expected reach up to $ 141 billion till 2021.
Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Indian Economy
Investment provides the base for economic growth and development. FDI
provides a win – win situation to host and the home countries. Both
countries are directly interested in inviting FDI because they benefit a lot
from such type of investment. There is a considerable change in the
attitude of both the developing and developed countries towards FDI.
They both consider FDI as the most suitable form of external finance. FDI
is a predominant and vital factor in influencing the contemporary
process of global economic development. It is concluded that the
Government should design the FDI policy in such a way where FDI
inflows can be utilised as means of enhancing domestic production,
savings and exports through the equitable distribution among states so
that they can attract FDI inflows at their own level. FDI can help to raise
the output, production and export at the sector level of the Indian
economy.
9. Professional Panorama: An International Journal of Management & Technology
Foreign Direct Investment 81
Points in Favour
Economic growth: A remarkable inflow of FDI in various industrial units
in India boosts the economic life of country. It provides an opportunity
for cash-deficient domestic retailers to bridge the gap between capital
required and raised. In fact FDI is one of the major sources of
investments for a developing country like India wherein it expects
investments from Multinational companies to improve the countries
growth rate, create jobs, share their expertise, back-end infrastructure
and research and development in the host country. It has also been noted
that foreign direct investment has helped several countries when they
faced economic hardship. An example of this can be seen in some
countries in the East Asian region (Indonesia and Thailand). It was
observed during the 1997 Asian financial crisis that amount of foreign
direct investment made in these countries was held steady while other
forms of cash inflows suffered major setbacks. Similar observations have
also been made in Latin America in the 1980s and in Mexico in 1994-95.
Improvement in Supply Chain: Improvement of distribution
efficiencies, coupled with capacity building and introduction of modern
technology helps arrest wastage. In the present situation improper
storage facilities and lack of investment in logistics have been creating
inefficiencies in food supply chain, leading to significant wastages.
Benefits for the Farmers: Though, India is second largest producer of
fruits and vegetables, it has a very limited integrated cold-chain
infrastructure. Lack of adequate storage facilities causes heavy losses to
farmers, in terms of wastage in quality and quantity of produce in
general, and of fruits and vegetables in particular. With FDI, there could
be a complete overhaul of the currently fragmented supply chain
infrastructure. Extensive backward integration by multinational retailers,
coupled with their technical and operational expertise, can hopefully
remedy such structural flaws. Also, farmers can benefit with the ‘farm to
fork’ ventures with retailers which helps (a) to cut down intermediaries ;
10. Professional Panorama: An International Journal of Management & Technology
Foreign Direct Investment 82
(b) give better prices to farmers, and (c) provide stability and economics
of scale which will benefit, in the ultimate analysis, both the farmers and
consumers.
Improvement in Customer Satisfaction: Consumers in the organised
retail have opportunity to choose between a number of internationally
famous brands with pleasant shopping environment, huge space for
product display, maintenance of hygiene and better customer care. There
is a large segment of the population which feels that there is a difference
in the quality of the products sold to foreign retailers and the same
products sold in the Indian market. With increasing spending power in
an emerging country, there is an increasing tendency to pay for quality
and ease and access to a “one -stop shop” which has a wide range of
different products. FDI definitely challenges the monopoly of certain
domestic Indian companies and the ultimate benefit goes to the end-
consumer.
Boost Healthy Competition and Check Inflation: Entry of many
multinational corporations obviously promises intensive competition
between different companies offering their brands in a particular
product market (including domestic companies), thereby resulting in
availability of many varieties, reduced prices, and convenient
distribution of marketing offers. Products of superior quality are
manufactured by various industries in India due to greater amount of FDI
inflows in the country.
Improved Technology and Logistics: Improved technology in the
sphere of processing, grading, handling and packaging of goods and
further technical developments in areas like electronic weighing, billing,
bar-code scanning etc. is a direct consequence of foreign companies
opening retail shops in India. Further, transportation facilities get a
boost, in the form of increased number of refrigerated vans and pre-
cooling chambers which can help bring down wastage of goods.
11. Professional Panorama: An International Journal of Management & Technology
Foreign Direct Investment 83
More and Better Employment Opportunities: The entry of foreign
companies into Indian Retailing not only creates employment
opportunities but also ensures quality in them. This helps Indian human
resource to find better quality jobs and to improve their standard of
living and life styles on par with that of the citizens of developed nations.
Points against
Domination of Organised Retailers: FDI in retail definitely strengthens
organised retail in the country. These organised retailers will tend to
dominate entire consumer market. It leads to unfair competition and
ultimately results in large-scale exit of domestic retailers, especially the
small family managed outlets. It may all look good on paper now but
eventually, big businesses will monopolise their respective markets in
India by destroying all small competitors, and then they will be in
complete control of prices. Also, after monopolizing, product quality will
stop mattering, since all small businesses whose products competed in
quality would be destroyed. Also, vegetables and fruits that will be
imported from outside India will be not fresh and stale due to long
distance transportation and constant refrigeration.
Loss of Jobs: Retail in India has tremendous growth potential and it is
the second largest employer in India. Any changes by bringing major
foreign retailers who will be directly procuring from main supplier will
not only create unemployment on front end retail but also the
middleman who have been working in this industry will be thrown out of
their jobs. Jobs in manufacturing sector will be lost because foreign
giants will purchase their goods from the international market and not
from domestic sources. This has been the experience of most countries
which have allowed FDI in retail. Although, India had made a condition
that they must source a minimum of 30% of their goods from Indian
micro and small industries, but as per WTO Laws, country can’t stop
them from purchasing goods from international markets.
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Foreign Direct Investment 84
Loss of Self Competitive Strength: The Indian retail sector, particularly
organized retail, is still underdeveloped and in a nascent stage and that,
therefore the companies may not be able to compete with big global
giants. If the existing firms collaborate with the global biggies they might
have to give up at the global front by losing their self-competitive
strength.
Distortion of Culture: Though, FDI in Indian retail will indirectly or
directly contribute for enhancement of Tourism, Hospitality and few
other industries, the culture of people in India will slowly be changed.
Youth will easily imbibe certain negative aspects of foreign culture and
lifestyles and develop inappropriate consumption patterns, not suited to
Indian cultural environment.
Farmers’ Woes: Because of FDI, there is a negative impact on farming,
since large corporations will push farmers to work for them and get
involved in single-crop farming and the use of artificial means of farming.
Due to monopolisation, farmers will have to sell their products to
corporations at the offered price. The farmers will have to bear the cost
of reduced MRPs eventually.
Rise in Unethical Practises: Due to lack of transparency and proper
regulation norms in country, FDI would act as another source of
increasing corruption and red tape in country. In fact, Unethical
behaviours like corruption, red-tapism and selfishness is increasing day
by day because of huge potential of money making, which is their
ultimate aim and not quality or providing jobs or reviving the economy.
Conclusion
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in India is major monetary source
for economic development in India. Foreign companies invest directly in
fast growing private Indian businesses to take benefits of cheaper wages
and changing business environment of India. Co-operation is the key to
success. FDI would lead to a more comprehensive integration of India
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Foreign Direct Investment 85
into the world market where India can also make a strong position in
global market by exporting their quality products and services.
According to the World Bank, opening the retail sector to FDI would be
beneficial for India in terms of price and availability of products. While
FDI in India has been opposed by several in the past citing fears of loss of
employment, adverse impact on traditional retail and rise in imports
from cheaper sources like China, adherents of the same indicate
increased transfer of technology, enhanced supply chain efficiencies and
increased employment opportunities as the perceived benefits.
Considering the inflation rise and economic recession in India, FDI looks
like something that can put a check on this and provide some relief to the
ailing economy.