Focii 2020 prelims

FOCII 2020
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY QUIZ. TEKNOS 2020

Question 1
In an article for Wireless World in 1945, X proposed the idea of a geostationary
communications satellite, which was a satellite that stayed in the same position
relative to the earth. Such a satellite, he proposed could be used to bounce
radio signals of it and send radio signals all over the Earth. The editor of Wireless
World changed his paper title to Extraterrestrial Relays. According to many
sources, the idea wasn’t taken seriously at the time as no one knew how to get a
satellite into what became know as the “_ orbit”. 20 years later, in 1965, the first
communications satellite was launched into theorbit, and today there are over
300 satellites on this orbit. Identify X.

Question 2
Howard Florey and Ernst Boris Chain worked together at Oxford University doing
research into the production of X. In 1945, Florey and Chain shared a Nobel Prize
with Y who is credited as the discoverer of X, but it was Florey's and Chain's
production techniques that truly brought X to the world which they did by
turning their department at Oxford into a X factory. Identify X and the person Y
who was also voted third "greatest Scot" in an opinion poll conducted by STV,
behind only Robert Burns and William Wallace.

Question 3
The star KIC 8462852 was in the news some years back due to some unusual
light fluctuations of the star, including up to a 22% dimming in brightness, were
discovered by citizen scientists as part of the Planet Hunters project. The
discovery was made from data collected by the Kepler space telescope. Several
hypotheses have been proposed to explain the star's large irregular changes in
brightness as measured by its light curve, but none to date fully explain all
aspects of the curve. By what other name(s?) is this star known in mainstream
media?

Question 4
Milk is particularly big business in Russia. Too dependent on importing it, it has
tried to become diary-free of foreign influences for decades. In order to do so,
the Moscow Ministry of Agriculture and Food is forever on the lookout for ways
to improve the milk yield of its own cows. As an experiment/P.R. stunt, A
Moscow dairy farm has been outfitted with modified ___ ____ ____ in order to
affect "a decrease in anxiety and an increase in the overall mood of the herd"
making their milk rich and flowing. What new technology is being employed
here to increase Cow milk yield?

Question 5
The X is an all-electric battery-powered light commercial vehicle in development
by Y. Three models have been announced, with range estimates of 250–500
miles (400–800 km) and an estimated 0–60 mph time of 2.9–6.5 seconds,
depending on the model.The stated goal of Y in developing this vehicle is to
provide a sustainable energy substitute for the roughly 6,500 fossil fuel powered
trucks sold per day in the United States. Identify the truck which made meme
headlines due to its unusual design and a demonstration of its 'armored glass'
ended up shattering it.

Question 6
The first smartphone, created by IBM, was invented in 1992 and released for
purchase in 1994. While not very compact and sleek, the device still featured
several elements that became staples to every smartphone that followed. For
example, the SPC was equipped with a touch screen as well as the ability to send
and receive both emails and faxes. It had a calendar, address book, and a native
appointment scheduler. It even featured standard and predictive stylus input
screen keyboards! These features were different and advanced enough to deem
it worthy of the title “World’s First Smartphone.” What was the name of the
smartphone that reminds us of a pie-loving character from a nursery rhyme.

Question 7
18,446,744,073,709,551,616
That's the number of planets waiting to be discovered inside the universe of the
video game X created by Hello Games and released for PlayStation 4 and
Microsoft Windows in August 2016. This officially makes it the biggest game
ever made. It received mixed reviews at its 2016 launch, with some critics
praising the technical achievements of the procedurally generated universe,
while others considered the gameplay lacklustre and repetitive. Identify this
game whose name is a play on a phrase which refers to land that is unoccupied
or is under dispute between parties who leave it unoccupied due to fearor
uncertainty.

Question 8
This personality dreamed that his painting "Gallery of the Louvre", a massive
six-by-nine foot canvas which took him 14 months to complete would propel
him to fame. But his painting career got completely overshadowed by his
experiments in Electromagnetics which led to his major contribution to
inventing an important contraption of great relevance in the 19th and 20th
century.

Question 9
X defines Earth's most recent geologic time period as being human-influenced,
or anthropogenic, based on overwhelming global evidence that atmospheric,
geologic, hydrologic, biospheric and other earth system processes are now
altered by humans. It is distinguished as a new period either after or within the
Holocene, the current epoch, which began approximately 10,000 years ago
(about 8000 BC) with the end of the last glacial period. What is X?

Question 10
In 1839, Charles Goodyear developed vulcanized rubber. Later, in 1923, William
H. Spencer got the idea to use Goodyear inner tubes to create something else.
His invention proved so popular that today almost a thousand tons of this
product is produced each month. What is this invention?

Question 11
Last week researchers in the US let out reports of having created the first living
machines by assembling cells from African clawed frogs into tiny robots that
move around under their own steam. Tweezers and cauterising tools were used
to sculpt early-stage skin and heart cells scraped from the embryos of African
clawed frogs. One of the most successful creations has two stumpy legs that
propel it along on its “chest”. Another has a hole in the middle that researchers
turned into a pouch so it could shimmy around with miniature payloads. “These
are entirely new lifeforms. They have never before existed on Earth,” said
Michael Levin, the director of the Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University in
Medford, Massachusetts. “They are living, programmable organisms.” What are
these living 'robots' called?

Question 12
Dolbear's law states the relationship between __ and the rate at which crickets
chirp. It was formulated by Amos Dolbear and published in 1897 in an article
called "The Cricket as a __". The explanation for this phenomenon is that all
cold-blooded creatures, crickets included, follow the Arrhenius equation.
Identify to which concept Dolbear's law ties crickets to?

Question 13
LADARTracker is a technology based on tracking systems originally developed for
NASA to assist spacecraft in delicate docking manoeuvres with laser pulses
taking measurements 4,000 times a second. This technology was later
reappropriated to create a medical technology that is increasingly being
employed to treat a ubiquitous defect in the human body. Identify this medical
technology or what it is supposed to cure.

Question 14
X, who developed the polio vaccine back in 1952. The deadly disease went from
paralyzing hundreds of thousands of children annually to being practically
eliminated in the United States, thanks to his ingenuity. He also made an
intriguing choice — he didn't patent his ground-breaking discovery. His famous
quote on patenting (or lack thereof) only adds to his image. On April 12, 1955,
Edward R. Murrow, a TV journalist, asked him who owned the polio vaccine
patent. "Well, the people, I would say," X responded. "There is no patent. Could
you patent the sun?"

Question 15*
In 2017 Investigators noticed that documents handed over by the then Pakistan
Prime Minister’s daughter, Maryam Nawaz Sharif had a discrepancy. The
documents were dated from 2006 and this technical information has now
become one of the key pieces of evidence in the case against the Sharif family in
the Panama Paper trials. What information?

Question 16
Baroreceptors (or archaically, pressoreceptors) are sensors located in the carotid
sinus (at the bifurcation of external and internal carotids) and in the aortic arch.
They sense the X and relay the information to the brain creating a feedback
system, so that a proper X can be maintained. What do baroreceptors sense?

Question 17
X was created in 1965 by a team of scientists at the University of Florida College
of Medicine, including Robert Cade, Dana Shires, Harry James Free, and
Alejandro de Quesada. Following a request from football head coach Ray Graves,
X was created to help athletes by acting as a replacement for body fluids lost
during physical exertion. Identify this drink that was named after the Football
team's reptilian mascot.

Question 18
In 1904, X received his Nobel Prize in Medicine for his research on digestive
system in dogs as opposed to the work that he is famous for today. A survey in
the Review of General Psychology, published in 2002, ranked him as the 24th
most cited psychologist of the 20th century. Identify this gentleman.

Question 19
X are spherical rocks that contain hollow cavities lined with crystals. The name
comes from the Greek word which means "earthlike." These unique rocks can
be formed in a variety of ways. In volcanic rock, X's start out as bubbles. Geodes
can form in areas far away from volcanoes, too. In sedimentary rock, they might
start out as animal burrows, mud deposits, or even tree roots. Name X.

Question 20
On 12 June 1897, the Council of the Governor General of India approved a
committee report that X should be used for the classification of criminal records.
Later that year, the Calcutta (now Kolkata) Anthropometric Bureau became the
world's first X Bureau. Working in the Calcutta Anthropometric Bureau were
Azizul Haque (shown above) and Hem Chandra Bose. Haque and Bose are the
two Indian fingerprint experts credited with primary development of the Henry
System of X classification (named for their supervisor, Edward Richard Henry).
The Henry classification system is still used in English-speaking countries. What
is X?

Question 1
In an article for Wireless World in 1945, X proposed the idea of a geostationary
communications satellite, which was a satellite that stayed in the same position
relative to the earth. Such a satellite, he proposed could be used to bounce
radio signals of it and send radio signals all over the Earth. The editor of Wireless
World changed his paper title to Extraterrestrial Relays. According to many
sources, the idea wasn’t taken seriously at the time as no one knew how to get a
satellite into what became know as the “_ orbit”. 20 years later, in 1965, the first
communications satellite was launched into theorbit, and today there are over
300 satellites on this orbit. Who is X?

X - Penicillin
Y - Alexander Fleming

Tabby’s Star, Boyajian’s Star or WTF star

Question 5
The X is an all-electric battery-powered light commercial vehicle in development
by Y. Three models have been announced, with range estimates of 250–500
miles (400–800 km) and an estimated 0–60 mph time of 2.9–6.5 seconds,
depending on the model. The stated goal of Y in developing this vehicle is to
provide a sustainable energy substitute for the roughly 6,500 fossil fuel powered
trucks sold per day in the United States. Identify the truck which made meme
headlines due to its unusual design and a demonstration of its 'armored glass'
ended up shattering it.

Question 7
18,446,744,073,709,551,616
That's the number of planets waiting to be discovered inside the universe of the
video game X created by Hello Games and released for PlayStation 4 and
Microsoft Windows in August 2016. This officially makes it the biggest game
ever made. It received mixed reviews at its 2016 launch, with some critics
praising the technical achievements of the procedurally generated universe,
while others considered the gameplay lacklustre and repetitive. Identify this
game whose name is a play on a phrase which refers to land that is unoccupied
or is under dispute between parties who leave it unoccupied due to fear or
uncertainty.

Xenobots : after the African clawed frog
(Xenopus laevis)

Question 14
X, who developed the polio vaccine back in 1952. The deadly disease went from
paralyzing hundreds of thousands of children annually to being practically
eliminated in the United States, thanks to his ingenuity. He also made an
intriguing choice — he didn't patent his ground-breaking discovery. His famous
quote on patenting (or lack thereof) only adds to his image. On April 12, 1955,
Edward R. Murrow, a TV journalist, asked him who owned the polio vaccine
patent. "Well, the people, I would say," X responded. "There is no patent. Could
you patent the sun?“ Identify X.

Microsoft Calibri was not released until 2007, but
the documents where supposedly from 2006

Question 17
X was created in 1965 by a team of scientists at the University of Florida College
of Medicine, including Robert Cade, Dana Shires, Harry James Free, and
Alejandro de Quesada. Following a request from football head coach Ray Graves,
X was created to help athletes by acting as a replacement for body fluids lost
during physical exertion. The earliest versions of the beverage consisted of a
mixture of water, sodium, sugar, potassium, phosphate, and lemon juice.
Identify this drink that was named after the name of the Football team's
reptilian mascot.

Ivan Pavlov, known for his work in
classical conditioning

Question 20
On 12 June 1897, the Council of the Governor General of India approved a
committee report that X should be used for the classification of criminal records.
Later that year, the Calcutta (now Kolkata) ___ Bureau became the world's first X
Bureau. Working in the Bureau were Azizul Haque (shown above) and Hem
Chandra Bose. Haque and Bose are the two Indian experts credited with
primary development of the Henry System of X classification (named for their
supervisor, Edward Richard Henry). The Henry classification system is still used
in English-speaking countries for manual classification of X. What is X?

All the best and see you in the finals!!

Focii 2020 prelims

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