Fms

1. AVIONICS II

2. Can You Read This
Can You Read This
Can You Read This

7. AUTOMATIC DIRECTION
FINDER

8. FLIGHT MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM

9. AIM
To learn the primary functions, Components and
systems of FMS

10. OBJECTIVE
By the end of this lesson the pupil should able to:-
 Flight Management Guidance Systems.
 Electronic Flight Instrument Systems.
 Electronic Centralised Aircraft Monitor

11. TIE IN AND REVISION
 Management System
 Sortie Calculation
 Performance Calculation

12. INTRODUCTION
 Increasing Air Travel and therefore Air traffic and thus
increased word load to be executed in limited time
 In such a situation, a system which can automatically
track all activities and assist the operator in taking
decisions is desirable.
 Flight Management system

13. FMS
Flight Management System is a pilot interactive and
nav computing and display system designed to assist in
flying an aircraft with maximum economy and safety to a
previously planned route defined both vertically and
laterally

15. INTRODUCTION

16. INTRODUCTION

17. INTRODUCTION

18. INTRODUCTION

19. INTRODUCTION

20. INTRODUCTION

21. INTRODUCTION

22. INTRODUCTION

23. SYSTEM COMPONENTS
(a) Sensors
(b) Processors or Computer Sub-systems
(i) Caution and Warning System
(ii) Thrust Management
(iii) Autopilot/Flight Director System
(iv) Electronic Flight Instrument Symbol Generator
(c) Cockpit Control & Display Unit

24. FLIGHT DIRECTOR

25. EFIS

26. EFIS

27. ELEMENTS OF FMS
(a) Flight Management Computer System
(b) Thrust Management System/Auto Throttle System
(c) Electronic Instrument Display System
(d) Electronic Flight Instrumentation System
(e) Engine Indicating and Crew Alerting System
(f) Electronic Centralized Aircraft Monitoring System

28. FMCS
 Preparation of flight plans (diversion to alternate A/F) synthesis of nav
information (all available sources)
 Automatic frequency selection and tuning of nav aids
 Lateral guidance
 Optimization of flight path in the vertical plane Guidance in vertical
plane
 Prediction of flight parameters (along a/c route)
 Display management (EFIS/EICAS/ECAMS)

29. ELEMENTS
 Nav and Guidance.
 Performance Management.
 CDU

30. ELEMENTS
LNAV

31. INTRODUCTION

32. INTRODUCTION

33. INTRODUCTION

34. INTRODUCTION

35. INTRODUCTION

36. INTRODUCTION

37. INTRODUCTION

38. INTRODUCTION

39. ELEMENTS
VNAV

40. INTRODUCTION

41. INTRODUCTION

42. INTRODUCTION

43. INTRODUCTION

44. INTRODUCTION

45. INTRODUCTION

46. INTRODUCTION

47. INTRODUCTION

48. INTRODUCTION

49. INTRODUCTION

50. ELEMENTS
CDU

51. ELEMENTS
Three groups of keys are there:
 Function Keys
 Alphanumeric Keys : To select the display. To enter the
data.
 Line Keys : For crew interaction with the displays.

52. INTRODUCTION

53. INTRODUCTION

54. INTRODUCTION

55. RADIO WAVE
 A radio wave is an
electromagnetic wave
 The "E" or electric field
is parallel to the radiating
element
 The ”H" or magnetic
field is perpendicular to
the radiating element

56. NON DIRECTIONAL BEACON
 Ground based radio
station
 Radiate equally in all
direction
 Amplitude modulated
Vertically Polarized
signal

57. AUTOMATIC DIRECTION
FINDER

58. ADF
 Automatic Direction Finder finds the direction
of ground based beacon called the NDB or non
directional beacon
 ADF aerial comprises of Loop and Sense
aerial, indicator and control unit

59. LOOP THEORY
A B
PLAN VIEW

60. ADF
Principle
Bearing measurement by Loop DF

61. ELEMENTS
DATABASE

62. LOOP THEORY
B
A
B
A
Angle of Incidence = 90°
Phase Diff = Nil
Angle of Incidence = 0° Phase Diff = Max

63. LOOP THEORY
Angle of incidence = θ
Phase difference= AB cosθ
Dependent on angle of
incidence

64. DATABASE
 Radio aids
 Waypoints
 En-Route Airways
 Airports
 Runways
 Airport Procedure
 Company Routes
 Climb & Cruise Performance
 Thrust Limit
 Drag Characteristics
 Expected Fuel Flow

65. LOOP THEORY
POLAR DIAGRAM OF A LOOP
A B
UPDATED EVERY 28 DAYS

66. MODES OF OPERATION
 Dual
 Independent
 Single

67. MODES OF OPERATION
Dual

68. LOOP THEORY
• Direction finding
• For 360 deg rotation, two maximum and two
null(zero) points are detected
• Field strength on either side of the max fall
very slowly
• Null is used for DF
• 180º ambiguity in the bearing indication

69. MODES OF OPERATION
Independent

70. SENSE AERIAL
 Vs is equal to the maximum value of Vr
Sense aerial
Vb
Vs
A B
Va
Vr

71. SENSING
A B
S
X Y
Wave from left of normal : Vs leads Vr by 90 deg
Wave from right of normal : Vr leads Vs by 90 deg

72. MODES OF OPERATION
Single

73. POLAR DIAGRAM
 To sense the correct direction:
•Antenna outputs must be combined in such away
as either to cancel or reinforce. Phase of o/p of sense
aerial is retarded by 90 deg. To match max value of
directional signal
•If this is done Vs will be in phase with Vr if the
wave comes from the left of the normal and in anti
phase if the wave comes from the right
•The output would appear as if it came from an
antenna the polar diagram of which was the sum of
those for the individual antenna

74. POLAR DIAGRAM
 Resultant is Cardioid (Heart shape figure) with only
one null.
 Resolves 180 deg ambiguity

75. MODE OF OPERATION
Dual Mode
 Normal mode.
 The two computers are synchronized – each performs
its own computations and exchanges data with the other
through a crosstalk bus.
 One computer is the master, the other the slave, so that
some data in the slave computer comes from the
master. All data inserted into any MCDU is transferred to
both FMGCs and to all peripherals

76. MODE OF OPERATION
Independent Mode
 Degraded mode
 Goes automatically if it has a mismatch (database/
operations program incompatibility).
 Both FMGCs work independently and are linked only to
peripherals on their own side of the flight deck.
“Independent Operation” appears on the CDU
scratchpad.

77. MODE OF OPERATION
Single Mode
The system selects this mode automatically if
one FMGC fails. The other FMGC drives all the
peripherals. When one FMGC fails, the
corresponding CDU displays failure indication

78. THRUST MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM

79. NDB FREQ BAND
Freq 200 Khz TO 1750 Khz
(ICAO
ALLOTTED)
LF/MF Band
Practical 255-455 Khz
Usage NDB
Radio Broadcast > 455 KHZ

80. ANY QUESTIONS??

81. SUMMARY
 Basic loop theory
 Use of sense aerial to resolve ambiguity in
direction

82. GLASS COCKPIT

83. INITIAL EFIS

84. THANK YOU