This document summarizes information about fly ash, including: - Fly ash is a fine powder produced as a byproduct from burning coal in power plants. It is captured by equipment like electrostatic precipitators before flue gases exit chimneys. - It is composed mainly of silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, and iron oxide, along with small amounts of other elements like arsenic and mercury. It is generally spherical and glassy in shape. - Fly ash has various uses like in bricks, concrete, mine filling, and agriculture due to its pozzolanic properties. It can replace a portion of cement in concrete, improving workability and strength while reducing costs.

1. Fly ash sources and control
Mamata Sankar Kundu
Mt/env/10003/16
Department of Civil and Environmental Science and
Engineering
2016-2017

2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am extremely grateful and deeply indebted to my teacher
Dr.Kirtti Avishek, Professor of the Department of Civil and
Environmental Science and Engineering, BIT MESRA,
Ranchi. I take great pleasure in expressing my heartfelt
gratitude to him for his guidance and help, without which
this assignment would not have been possible.

3. INTRODUCTION
What is Fly ash?
Fly ash is one of the residues generated in
combustion, and comprises the fine particles that
rise with the flue gases.
Ash which doesn’t rise called as bottom ash.

4.  Fly ash is fine power produced as a product from
industrial plants using coal, lignite and fuel.
They are spherical shaped ‘balls’ finer than cement
particles.

5.  Fly ash is generaly captured by
electrostatic precipators or other particle
filtration equipement before the flue
gasses reache the chimneys of coal-fired
power plants.
It is grey in colour and alkaline in nature.

6. Chemical Compositon
It is a heterogeneous material containing SiO2, Al2O3 and
Fe2O3 as major constituents with Cao occasionally being the
minor constituent.
Exact composition varies according to the parent coal bed
make up.
Also has Arsenic, Beryllium, Chromium, cobalt, Mercury,
Cobalt, Molybodenum, Selenium, Strontium etc( in the order
of hundred ppm).

9. Physical Properties
The fly ash particles are generally
glassy, solid or hollow and spherical in
shape.
The specific gravity of fly ash varies
over a wide range of 1.9 to 2.55.

11. Uses of Fly Ash
Fly Ash Bricks
Cement Concrete
High Volume Fly ash Concrete
Road Construction
Land Development
Use in agriculture
Mine filling

15. Cement Replacement by Fly Ash

17. Fly Ash in Concrete
Fly ash could be an expensive Portland for Portland cement in
concrete and using it, improves strength, segregation and ease of
pumping concrete.
Fly ash particles play a greter workability of the powder portion
of the concrete mixture which results in greater workability in
the concrete and a lowering of water requirement for the same
concrete consistency.

18. Geopolymers

19. Advantages of Fly Ash

21. Disadvantages of Fly Ash

22. Scenario in India

23. Conclusions